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1
As noted in “Before: The Sixties,” the author and his colleagues, in studying racial relations in Brazil, wanted to confirm their assumption that, unlike the United States, Brazil:
A)made segregation acceptable to both blacks and whites.
B)did not have a descent rule by which a child with one black parent would automatically be considered black also.
C)had a history of slavery of both blacks and other ethnic groups, so that slavery was less of a lingering issue between whites and blacks.
D)had not attempted to redress perceived inequalities by legislative means.
2
According to “Before: The Sixties,” the author’s greatest challenge in studying the people of Arembepe was:
A)how remote the area was.
B)that he felt there had already been a great deal of anthropological study of the area.
C)the fact he did not know Portuguese.
D)his impression that the traditions of the area had been contaminated by contact with the wider world.
3
The author of “Before: The Sixties,” reports that he and fellow anthropologist Betty Wagley fell in love in Arembepe and eventually married.
A)True
B)False
4
As explained in "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari," Richard Borshay Lee found that:
A)an outsider should not visit the Bushmen without bringing a gift.
B)Bushmen do not welcome visitors at holidays.
C)it is considered incorrect to insult guests within the Bushmen society.
D)the response of people to a gift can be instructive about their culture.
5
In "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari," author Richard Borshay Lee claims that it is a general custom among the !Kung Bushmen to insult the animal that a man has tracked down and killed and that he intends to share with the rest of the tribe because they:
A)are amused by malicious jokes.
B)are genuinely dissatisfied and hope he will do better next time.
C)want to enforce general humility and prevent that man from boasting and thinking of the tribe as his servants or inferiors.
D)always have plenty of food on hand and rarely require any additional contribution.
6
In "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari," it is reported that the Kung Bushmen only insult boastful outsiders, never members of their own tribe.
A)True
B)False
7
As asserted in "Tricking and Tripping: Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS," the women in the project all resisted the notion that:
A)they might be selling themselves.
B)prostitution is not acceptable in polite society.
C)the government will look out for them.
D)protected sex will protect them.
8
As cited in "Tricking and Tripping: Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS," one of the first challenges the researcher faced was:
A)finding safe shelter.
B)identifying locations where street prostitution took place.
C)securing payment for time spent on the research.
D)differentiating the good social workers from the bad.
9
As mentioned in "Tricking and Tripping: Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS," being an unknown woman in an area known for prostitution may cause people to notice or stare at you, but it fails to yield many verbal interactions.
A)True
B)False
10
According to the author of “Yanomamo,” one of the most outstanding attributes of the Yanomami culture and a reason for their survival is:
A)strength.
B)reciprocity.
C)polygamy.
D)adaptability.
11
As noted in “Yanomamo,” when compared with the other languages of South America, the Yanomami language was found to be related to:
A)Spanish.
B)Omurano.
C)Cunza.
D)no other language.
12
As portrayed in “Yanomamo,” the Yanomami typically live as nuclear families in two-room huts grouped around a central square.
A)True
B)False
13
As identified in "Whose Speech is Better?" the varieties in human speech involve all of the following, _except:_
A)syntax (the way we phrase things).
B)lexicon vocabulary (the words we use).
C)etiquette (the mannerisms we demonstrate).
D)phonology (sound rules).
14
As explained in "Whose Speech is Better?" the use of "anymore" in the statement "I hate lobsters anymore" makes perfect sense to people from:
A)the Bronx, New York.
B)the South Midland.
C)New England.
D)the Pacific Northwest.
15
As mentioned in "Whose Speech is Better?" standard French today is virtually the same as the Parisian dialect of 1790.
A)True
B)False
16
As revealed in “Lost for Words,” the Piraha are notable in that they do not have any of the following except:
A)words for numbers.
B)the idea of a spirit world.
C)words for colors.
D)a creation myth.
17
As cited in “Lost for Words,” the linguist Dan Everett believes that the Piraha language disproves the generally accepted theories of:
A)Carl Jung.
B)Ivan Pavlov.
C)Noam Chomsky.
D)Margaret Mead.
18
As pointed out in “Lost for Words,” the Piraha women’s dialect has the smallest number of speech sounds of any language.
A)True
B)False
19
As discussed in “Do You Speak American?”, educators in Oakland tried in the late 1990s to get black English recognized not as a dialect but as:
A)slang that was unacceptable in a classroom setting.
B)the predecessor of modern English.
C)the source of a uniquely American national literature.
D)a separate language called Ebonics.
20
As explained in “Do You Speak American?”, colored dots on a map showing different areas of pronunciation allowed linguists to create the:
A)Atlas of North American English.
B)pronunciation guide most commonly used in college dictionaries.
C)evidence for the influence of accent-neutral national newscasters.
D)Academy of American English.
21
According to “Do You Speak American?”, the growing homogenization of language in the United States is a myth.
A)True
B)False
22
As profiled in “Fighting for Our Lives,” the author’s interest in the topic of opposition in public discourse intensified following the:
A)Vietnam War.
B)2000 U.S. presidential election.
C)publication of her book about communication between men and women.
D)2003 divorce from her husband.
23
As noted in “Fighting for Our Lives,” the author uses the word agonism to denote an automatic warlike stance; the word is derived from agonia, a Greek word meaning:
A)agony.
B)offensive.
C)involuntary.
D)contest.
24
As quoted in “Fighting for Our Lives,” philosopher John Dewey said, “Democracy begins in debate.”
A)True
B)False
25
As characterized in “Expletive Deleted,” from the nineteenth century on, English speakers have mostly vented their frustration by reference to two different classes of taboo, the sexual and the:
A)religious.
B)scatological.
C)disease-related.
D)violent.
26
As stated in “Expletive Deleted,” the clusters of neurons in the brain that inhibit inappropriate behavior are called the:
A)pyramidal tract.
B)basal ganglia.
C)trigeminal nerves.
D)indusium griseum.
27
As reported in “Expletive Deleted,” the use of expletives among young people on such social networking sites as MySpace is about equally common among both men and women.
A)True
B)False
28
According to ""I Can't Even Open My Mouth"," critical to improving communication in the family is:
A)knowing how to combine the message and the metamessage.
B)separating the message and the metamessage.
C)being able to differentiate between criticism and praise.
D)knowing the difference between love and respect.
29
As defined in ""I Can't Even Open My Mouth"," metacommunication is:
A)talking to as many family members as possible.
B)talking to a diverse group outside the family.
C)talking about ways of talking.
D)a concept that does not consider the metamessage.
30
As noted in ""I Can't Even Open My Mouth"," family members have innumerable opportunities to witness our faults and feel that they have a right to point them out.
A)True
B)False
31
As noted in "Shakespeare in the Bush," the author's experience validates the conclusion that:
A)great literature transcends cultural barriers.
B)character motivations in literature are not easily understandable by all cultures.
C)literature is a universal language.
D)new audiences find Shakespeare more understandable after drinking beer.
32
As she explains in "Shakespeare in the Bush," Laura Bohannan encountered a major translation problem in telling the story of “Hamlet” to the Tiv, because they had no word or concept for:
A)death.
B)ghost.
C)suicide.
D)jealousy.
33
Storytelling is a skilled art among the Tiv, as noted in "Shakespeare in the Bush."
A)True
B)False
34
As profiled in “At a Loss for Words,” the author worked with the tribal elders in order to prepare a dictionary and preserve texts in the language known as:
A)Pequot.
B)Salish-Pend d’Oreille.
C)Wampano-Cholon.
D)Gros Ventre-Jemez.
35
As reported in “At a Loss for Words,” perhaps the most dramatic case of a language emerging as a native language after near-death is that of Modern:
A)Mandarin.
B)Coptic.
C)Hebrew.
D)Mohegan.
36
According to “At a Loss for Words,” 137 nations, the majority of the nations in the world, have only five official languages among them.
A)True
B)False
37
As indicated in "The Inuit Paradox," no one, not even residents of the northernmost villages on Earth:
A)eats an entirely traditional northern diet anymore.
B)cares about proper nutrition.
C)listens to their cardiologists about nutrition.
D)emphasizes diet in his or her life plans.
38
As shown in "The Inuit Paradox," the Eskimo did well on:
A)low protein and low fat diets.
B)high protein and high fat diets.
C)minimal carbohydrates.
D)excessive carbohydrates.
39
As related in "The Inuit Paradox," the closer people live to towns and the more access they have to stores and cash-paying jobs, the more likely they are to have Westernized their eating.
A)True
B)False
40
As explained in "Ties that Bind," often, when two cultures make contact:
A)new bonds are immediately formed.
B)deep misunderstandings can arise.
C)peace negotiations are harmonious.
D)language differences provide an immediate barrier.
41
As noted in "Ties that Bind," the Hopi typically divide their work according to:
A)age.
B)skill level.
C)gender.
D)interest.
42
As related in "Ties that Bind," work done by men among the Hopi such as farming and harvesting of crops, is perceived as a gift to the women.
A)True
B)False
43
Although one's ethnic group is just one of a number of possible identity sources, as maintained in "Playing Indian at Halftime," it is:
A)often the primary source for many people of minority cultures.
B)at the heart of inequality in U.S. society.
C)an easy label for outsiders to apply.
D)an aspect of one's identity that cannot be escaped.
44
Many school officials, as presented in "Playing Indian at Halftime," argue that their school's use of Indian symbols or mascots is inoffensive because they:
A)are merely honoring Native Americans.
B)are only following school tradition.
C)incorporate sensitive teaching practices.
D)do not educate a significant population of Native American students.
45
Teachers and school administrators who work from a monocultural framework may hinder the academic success and personal development of many of their students, even if this outcome is unintentional, according to "Playing Indian at Halftime" .
A)True
B)False
46
As presented in "Sick of Poverty," the "socioeconomic status (SES) gradient" refers to the:
A)income spectrum in a society, from the wealthiest individuals to the poorest.
B)correlation between income and health.
C)difference between white male health in a society and that of everyone else.
D)difference between U.S. income and that of other nations.
47
As noted in "Sick of Poverty," a study of British civil-service employees with relation to position, income, and health found that:
A)health conditions were similar, regardless of income, due to universal health insurance.
B)those who made use of available medical care were healthier than those who did not.
C)those in lower-paying jobs had higher mortality rates, regardless of healthcare access.
D)lifestyle choices, such as smoking and drinking, determined illness and mortality rates.
48
As claimed in "Sick of Poverty," there is a significant relationship between the wealth of a country and the health of its citizens.
A)True
B)False
49
According to "When Brothers Share a Wife," polyandry in Tibet:
A)is considered detrimental to social structure.
B)is based on the need for population growth.
C)consists of brothers marrying the same woman.
D)causes early death for many women.
50
According to "When Brothers Share a Wife," in a polyandrous marriage:
A)the wife always shows favor to the youngest brother.
B)children can tell who their real father is and address him by a special title.
C)there is only one set of heirs in a generation.
D)if one brother decides to leave the wife is returned to her own family.
51
Melvyn C. Goldstein states in "When Brothers Share a Wife" that the practice of fraternal polyandry is practiced in Tibet because of the shortage of females caused by female infanticide.
A)True
B)False
52
As noted in "Death Without Weeping," the high infant-mortality rate in Brazil:
A)is due to maternal indifference.
B)leads to changing patterns of maternal nurturing.
C)is related to climate conditions.
D)is consistent throughout the country.
53
Nancy Scheper-Hughes, the author of "Death Without Weeping," found it possible to rescue infants and toddlers from death by diarrhea and dehydration with a simple solution, which included all of the following EXCEPT:
A)sugar.
B)salt.
C)water.
D)milk.
54
Most infant victims in Brazil, as revealed in "Death Without Weeping," are buried with a minimum of ceremony.
A)True
B)False
55
According to "Arranging a Marriage in India," the practice of arranged marriages in India:
A)is largely a phenomenon of the past.
B)is preferred by some young Indians.
C)is an unmitigated disaster for women.
D)has no redeeming value as a mode of selecting life partners.
56
The author of "Arranging a Marriage in India" speculates that the practice of arranged marriages has resulted in young Indian women:
A)resenting their parents' influence on their lives.
B)becoming self-confident and charming since they did not have to worry about their popularity with the opposite sex.
C)becoming shy and hesitant in social interactions.
D)seeking to marry men from other cultures to avoid arranged marriages.
57
As noted in "Arranging a Marriage in India," the practice of giving a dowry is still legal but rarely occurs these days in India.
A)True
B)False
58
According to "Who Needs Love! In Japan, Many Couples Don't" the divorce rate in Japan:
A)is the highest in the industrialized world.
B)is due to incompatible spouses.
C)rises as love matches rise.
D)is low because of harsh property settlement laws.
59
As reported in "Who Needs Love! In Japan, Many Couples Don't" Japanese couples divorce infrequently because:
A)they are not allowed to marry under tradition until they have lived together for 10 years.
B)they have low expectations for marriages and because there are cultural stigmas toward divorce.
C)extramarital affairs are expected because of the former need to vary the gene pools of the populations of historically isolated villages.
D)the court fees are typically twice the annual incomes of the spouses.
60
According to "Who Needs Love! In Japan, Many Couples Don't" the religious concept of “gaman”, or predetermined fate, is a major reason many Japanese women remain in abusive marriages.
A)True
B)False
61
According to "The Berdache Tradition," American Indians believe that when a person becomes a berdache:
A)it is because of his mother's influence.
B)he should leave the community.
C)it is his own choice.
D)a supernatural force is responsible.
62
As reported in "The Berdache Tradition," tribes that esteem the berdache include all of the following EXCEPT the:
A)Kamia.
B)Pima.
C)Zuni.
D)Navaho.
63
As noted in "The Berdache Tradition," in American Indian religion, the spirit of a human is superior to all animal spirits.
A)True
B)False
64
According to "Where Fat Is a Mark of Beauty," a stay in the fattening room in Nigeria is:
A)essential to every youth's cultural education in parts of Nigeria.
B)undertaken between the ages of five and seven.
C)a rite of passage between maidenhood and womanhood.
D)traditional for Nigerian brides.
65
As detailed in "Where Fat Is a Mark of Beauty," during a traditional wedding ceremony, an Efik bride sits on a:
A)specially built wooden throne.
B)wooden stool.
C)plantain leaf.
D)straight-back chair.
66
As related in "Where Fat Is a Mark of Beauty," while in the fattening room, girls receive tips on how to be a successful wife and mother.
A)True
B)False
67
As shown in “ . . . But What If It’s a Girl?”, the PNDT Act gives officials in India the authority to seize:
A)medical records.
B)doctors who perform abortions.
C)unwanted infant girls.
D)ultrasound machines.
68
As cited in “ . . . But What If It’s a Girl?”, as imbalanced as the female to male ratio has become in India, the picture is even bleaker in:
A)Japan and Thailand.
B)China and South Korea.
C)Malaysia and Indonesia.
D)North Korea and Turkey.
69
As reported in “ . . . But What If It’s a Girl?”, a recent study by the Lancet found that the less educated the mother, the less likely she was to give birth to a second child who was a girl.
A)True
B)False
70
As reported in “Rising Number of Dowry Deaths in India,” many of the victims of dowry murder are killed, and the murder explained as accident or suicide, by:
A)poison.
B)being doused in kerosene and set alight.
C)drowning.
D)gunshots.
71
As revealed in “Rising Number of Dowry Deaths in India,” the most sought after grooms in India are doctors, chartered accountants, and:
A)lawyers.
B)businessmen.
C)university professors.
D)engineers.
72
As stated in “Rising Number of Dowry Deaths in India,” domestic violence was not punishable by law in India until 1983.
A)True
B)False
73
As presented in “Shamanism,” the most familiar view of the shaman is as a:
A)half-man/half-woman.
B)religious practitioner who has direct contact with the supernatural.
C)mighty warrior.
D)god.
74
As noted in “Shamanism,” the study of shamans and shamanisms has been plagued with the:
A)opposition of Christian theologians.
B)variations in shamanistic practices.
C)difficulty in creating a satisfactory standardized definition.
D)many languages required to study the field.
75
As pointed out in “Shamanism,” Siberian and Arctic shamanism has recently evolved and is descended from New World shamanism.
A)True
B)False
76
As stated in "The Adaptive Value of Religious Ritual," every known culture practices some form of:
A)religion.
B)ostracism.
C)economic exploitation.
D)ritual sacrifice.
77
As maintained in "The Adaptive Value of Religious Ritual," rituals promote group cohesion by:
A)involving all members of the group regardless of rank.
B)requiring members to engage in behavior that is too costly to fake.
C)convincing individuals that their survival is at stake.
D)showing that the results of participation are more rewarding than nonparticipation.
78
As surmised in "The Adaptive Value of Religious Ritual," religion has probably always served to enhance the union of its practitioners.
A)True
B)False
79
As noted in “Understanding Islam,” within its mainstream traditions, Islam teaches all of the following except:
A)piety.
B)jihad.
C)virtue.
D)tolerance.
80
As given in “Understanding Islam,” Islam is the world’s
A)largest religion.
B)smallest major religion.
C)second-largest religion.
D)most liberal religion.
81
As described in “Understanding Islam,” Islam views religion and politics as inseparable.
A)True
B)False
82
As noted in "The Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead," voodoo is used to:
A)rule by intimidation and fear.
B)prevent religious conversion to Christianity.
C)solve complex social problems.
D)regulate social behavior.
83
In "The Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead," voodoo is described as:
A)a sophisticated religion with African roots.
B)superstition.
C)folklore.
D)a complex religious code developed by and specific to Haitians.
84
There has never been a documented case of a person declared dead returning to life, according to "The Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead."
A)True
B)False
85
According to "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," the Nacirema people:
A)enjoy suffering.
B)are dominated by their religious leaders.
C)are inordinately preoccupied with their bodies.
D)have a natural bent to self-mortification.
86
In "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," all of the following characteristics are attributed to the culture's ceremonial treatment of the human body EXCEPT:
A)a belief that the human body is ugly.
B)rituals that are free or inexpensive and provided for all regardless of wealth.
C)rituals that are private and secret.
D)continued faith and participation in these rituals even though they are frequently not effective.
87
A fundamental belief of the Nacirema, as described in "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema," is that the body has a natural tendency toward disease.
A)True
B)False
88
As stated in "Baseball Magic," the practice of magic by baseball players:
A)is a sign of mental instability.
B)is an affectation.
C)has no affect on the practitioners.
D)creates feelings of confidence and control.
89
According to "Baseball Magic," players engage in apparently irrational behavior because:
A)it is actually rational behavior with a causal connection to the desired result.
B)they are, as a group, less intelligent than the general population.
C)the rules of the game require it.
D)it gives them a sense of control and confidence.
90
As reported in "Baseball Magic," a ritual may become so important to a player that it will override practicality.
A)True
B)False
91
According to "Why Can't People Feed Themselves?" the hunger problem in the world today is due to:
A)overpopulation.
B)ongoing historical processes.
C)poor use of land resources.
D)communism.
92
The authors of "Why Can't People Feed Themselves?" argue that the only way to approach a solution to world hunger is to:
A)concentrate on developing underdeveloped countries.
B)concentrate on changing the system that continues to undermine native self-sufficiency.
C)identify the conspiratorial nature of the colonial system.
D)export surplus agricultural products from the United States to countries in need.
93
According to "Why Can't People Feed Themselves?" the "problem" of world hunger is a myth.
A)True
B)False
94
According to "The Arrow of Disease," after the arrival of Europeans in the New World, the Indian population was reduced by 95 percent by:
A)of diseases contracted from animals.
B)intertribal warfare.
C)diseases brought by Europeans.
D)conflicts with the Europeans over Indian land.
95
As explained in "The Arrow of Disease," the Spanish victories over the native American peoples was due to:
A)superior military tactics.
B)the effect of smallpox on the pre-Columbian populations.
C)numerical advantage being held by the Spanish army in several decisive battles.
D)the spread of syphilis among the Native Americans.
96
As presented in "The Arrow of Disease," it is estimated that diseases brought by Europeans killed about 95 percent of the native American population that existed before the arrival of Columbus.
A)True
B)False
97
Conclusions about economic progress and its effect on tribal peoples reported in "The Price of Progress" include that:
A)modern medicine has ameliorated health problems caused by dietary changes.
B)increases in tribal warfare are caused by economic competition.
C)environmental deterioration tends to accompany progress.
D)improved standards of living result from progress.
98
As reported in "The Price of Progress," the correlation between dental health and economic progress seems to be that:
A)undisturbed tribal populations tend to lose their teeth while young.
B)dental caries are especially prominent among Eskimos eating traditional foods.
C)modernization is accompanied by declines in dental health.
D)introduction of new foods strengthens teeth.
99
As stated in "The Price of Progress," malnutrition has been linked clinically with mental retardation in both Africa and Latin America.
A)True
B)False
100
The article “Of Ice and Men,” records a presentation before the Inupiat people about the proposed endangered status of the polar bear by government representatives of the:
A)Department of the Interior.
B)Environmental Protection Agency.
C)Fish and Wildlife Service.
D)Forestry Service.
101
As presented in “Of Ice and Men,” the two main points made by the government’s representatives in support of listing the polar bear as endangered were the declining population of polar bears and:
A)overhunting of polar bears in the last three decades.
B)introduction of exotic species into the polar bears’ habitat.
C)lack of genetic protection in polar bears against rabies and diseases.
D)reduction of the polar bear’s sea-ice habitat.
102
As mentioned in “Of Ice and Men,” the Inupiat argued that they do not take enough polar bears to threaten the species, only about 200 per year.
A)True
B)False
103
As profiled in “Inundation,” all of the following are problems faced by the I-Kiribati and related to climate change except:
A)lack of sufficient fresh water.
B)ruin of much of the staple babai tuber crop.
C)severe depletion of fish in traditional fishing grounds.
D)movement of people from the outer islands to the urban area, straining its resources.
104
As mentioned in “Inundation,” the people of Kiribati have seen the increased heat from climate change affect their ability to harvest copra, which is:
A)a medicinal herb.
B)dried coconut meat.
C)a local variety of fish.
D)a local variety of fish.
105
One of the authors of “Inundation” reports that a family he visited with in Kiribati was forced to dig a new well inland because the water in their well had become brackish.
A)True
B)False
106
As described in “Isolation,” the Totobiegosode people live in the dry tropical woodlands on the borders of:
A)Paraguay and Boliva.
B)Venezuela and Colombia.
C)Ecuador and Peru.
D)Suriname and Brazil.
107
As identified in “Isolation,” the young Totobiegosode the author meets is an “Ishi” for our time, a reference to a famous Yahi tribesman who, almost a century ago, emerged from the isolation of the forests of:
A)the Amazon.
B)California.
C)the Philippines.
D)Alaska.
108
According to “Isolation,” indigenous organizations and their allies are now negotiating for isolation as a new category of indigenous rights.
A)True
B)False
109
As stressed in “Seeing Conservation through the Global Lens”:
A)notions of conservation and globalization are interlinked.
B)sustainability is not practical.
C)developing countries cannot be expected to be stewards of the environment.
D)conservation is paramount and may require that globalization be abandoned.
110
As concluded in “Seeing Conservation through the Global Lens,” the implicit assumption of globalization is that:
A)the most-developed countries will adapt the practices of the least-developed.
B)it will transform other people in the world to become more like the West.
C)ultimately, the most populous countries will dominate the others.
D)there will never be enough food to feed the world’s population.
111
As noted in “Seeing Conservation through the Global Lens,” almost all indigenous peoples engage in sustainable resource management practices.
A)True
B)False
112
As cited in "What Native Peoples Deserve," the Figueiredo Report included the judgment that the tortures suffered by Brazil's Indians:
A)have been too poorly documented to substantiate.
B)were minor compared to those suffered by the Portuguese settlers in the sixteenth century.
C)have been highly exaggerated by the media.
D)are similar in horror to those of such Nazi camps as Treblinka and Dachau.
113
As stated in "What Native Peoples Deserve," the Indians of Brazil:
A)were granted full citizenship in 1974.
B)are the only people allowed to mine the lands they occupy.
C)are governed by their own constitution.
D)have the status not of citizens, but of a protected species.
114
As pointed out in "What Native Peoples Deserve," the primary cause of the recent violence in Roosevelt Indian Reservation is the greed for gold.
A)True
B)False







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