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1
As detailed in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," at a pithouse excavation on a Hopi reservation, the author discovered a:
A)golden idol.
B)series of small walls.
C)tribal burial chamber.
D)set of ancient handprints.
2
As described in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," archaeology is actually exciting because it:
A)is very dangerous.
B)connects with the past.
C)involves battling the elements.
D)is very lucrative.
3
As pointed out in "The Awful Truth About Archaeology," if the fictional Sydney Fox, Relic Hunter, were a real archaeologist, she would have to spend months on paperwork before ever going out to an excavation site.
A)True
B)False
4
As noted in "Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Communication and the Future of American Archaeology," an important change that needs to be made in the discipline of archaeology is:
A)purging it of less scholarly writers.
B)distancing it from works written for general audiences.
C)eliminating peer review.
D)improving communication with the general public.
5
The collections believed to be entirely authentic and therefore used to compare with potentially fake antiquities, as explained in "Antiquities Sleuth has a Fraud Mandate," were chosen because they:
A)are owned by the most reputable museums.
B)have come from controlled, documented excavations.
C)have been owned by the museum since before the boom in forged antiquities.
D)are tested repeatedly by experts.
6
According to "Antiquities Sleuth has a Fraud Mandate," in most excavations, the tools used to make the artifacts are not found because:
A)the artifacts were offerings to the gods and were made elsewhere.
B)the tools would not have lasted through time.
C)they are not recognized as tools.
D)contemporary people would have taken and made use of the tools.
7
Around 200 years ago, as noted in "Antiquities Sleuth has a Fraud Mandate," there were a number of craftsmen working to create fake antiquities of high enough quality that they can still fool experts today, and many museums display these works as genuine pre-Columbian artifacts.
A)True
B)False
8
As noted in "Prehistory of Warfare," scholars assume that a normal part of human culture was:
A)technology.
B)religion.
C)politics.
D)warfare.
9
According to "Prehistory of Warfare," those that had the most intense warfare of any type of society were:
A)nomadic tribes.
B)forager bands.
C)tribally organized farmers.
D)acorn gatherers.
10
As reported in "Prehistory of Warfare," virtually all the basic textbooks on archaeology ignore the prevalence or significance of past warfare.
A)True
B)False
11
As pointed out in "The Iceman Reconsidered," the theory that Otzi was a hunter is:
A)proven by the well-tended condition of his bow and arrows.
B)disproven by the absence of meat in his diet.
C)disproven by the poor maintenance of his bow and arrows.
D)proven by the traditional hunting garments he wore.
12
As described in "The Iceman Reconsidered," the strongest botanical evidence suggests that Otzi died in:
A)late spring or early summer.
B)early autumn or late winter.
C)late autumn or early winter.
D)late winter or early spring.
13
As stated in "The Iceman Reconsidered," scientists have proven conclusively that Otzi was murdered.
A)True
B)False
14
As proposed in "The Littlest Human," Homo sapiens were supposed to have had the planet:
A)well-explored more than 10 millennia ago.
B)occupied in conjunction with the Neandertals.
C)alongside their animal counterparts.
D)to themselves for the past 25 millennia.
15
As shown in "The Littlest Human," although the recently discovered hominid is as small in body and brain as the earliest humans:
A)it appears to have made sophisticated stone tools, raising questions about the relation between brain size and intelligence.
B)there is virtually no connection between the two species.
C)their emotional capacities cannot be investigated satisfactorily.
D)their tools reflect their limited physical abilities.
16
As given in "The Littlest Human," the discovery of a dwarf hominid species indicates that under the right conditions, humans can in fact respond in the same predictable way that other large mammals do when physical existence becomes difficult.
A)True
B)False
17
The author of "Who's On First?" argues that:
A)present day Native Americans should prevent further research into who settled the Americas.
B)the origins of the first people in America have been conclusively established.
C)Clovis sites prove that the first Americans came from Europe.
D)all modern groups differ significantly from their distant ancestors.
18
According to "The Slow Birth of Agriculture," as a result of new research, many archaeologists have concluded that:
A)agriculture came as part of the Neolithic Revolution.
B)cereal grains were first cultivated less than ten thousand years ago.
C)agriculture led to the development of cities.
D)the switch to an agrarian lifestyle was a complex evolution.
19
As reported in "Archaeologists Rediscover Cannibals," research in the fossil record demonstrates that cannibalism:
A)is a phenomenon limited to very ancient prehistoric times.
B)may have been practiced through most of human history.
C)has not been practiced through most of human evolutionary history.
D)was limited to certain geographical locations.
20
The initial 1970 proposal of the theory of cannibalism in recent prehistory as suggested by bones of ancient American Indians, according to "Archaeologists Rediscover Cannibals," was met with total disbelief because:
A)most earlier scholarship on cannibalism was weak.
B)there were no reliable eye witnesses for claims of cannibalism.
C)the new paradigm about Indians was that they were all peaceful and happy.
D)the archaeological evidence was circumstantial.
21
As claimed in "Archaeologists Rediscover Cannibals," there is no known mortuary practice in the Southwest where the body is dismembered.
A)True
B)False
22
As maintained in "Modern Humans Made Their Point," the development of projectile points:
A)first occurred with the Neandertals.
B)allowed hunters to stay at a safe distance from their prey.
C)started in Europe.
D)happened about 10,000 years ago.
23
According to "New Women of the Ice Age," the evidence collected at Dolni Vestonice supports the conclusion that:
A)Ice Age hunters lived in all-male enclaves most of the time.
B)women were treated only as sexual objects during the Ice Age.
C)communal hunting was a likely part of Ice Age culture.
D)women were hunters of large game along with men in the Ice Age.
24
Evidence reported in "New Women of the Ice Age," shows the collection of plants for food and domestic uses:
A)did not occur in Upper Paleolithic cultures.
B)was largely done for ritual purposes.
C)was done only in times of dire need.
D)was largely considered women's work in Upper Paleolithic cultures.
25
As noted in "New Women of the Ice Age," most of the meat at Dolni Vestonice was stored for future need.
A)True
B)False
26
As pointed out in "Woman The Toolmaker," Konso hide workers and other artisans are:
A)held in high regard in the community.
B)active in the political and judicial life of the community.
C)considered useless because no one needs their products.
D)regarded as polluted by the more powerful farmer class.
27
As explained in "Woman The Toolmaker," when Sokate's scraping tool becomes dull, she:
A)sharpens it, as long as there is enough left to sharpen.
B)continues to use it because she does not know how to make new ones.
C)throws it away in the communal trash pile.
D)uses one of her iron tools instead.
28
As noted in "Woman The Toolmaker," the Konso hide makers are probably the only women in the world still making stone tools on a regular basis.
A)True
B)False
29
According to "Yes, Wonderful Things," studying garbage:
A)is not genuine archaeology.
B)is too expensive to be worth the gains.
C)provides an immediate historical reconstruction of a culture.
D)is probably just a passing fad.
30
The author of "Bushmen" reports that the !Kung people:
A)live much the same as they have for hundreds of years.
B)are materialistic by nature.
C)have seen a whole way of life disappear.
D)reject personal or family privacy.
31
The major Mayan cities, as explained in "The Maya Collapses," were originally re-discovered in the nineteenth century by John Stephens who was also acting as:
A)a volunteer physician in the area.
B)a Christian missionary.
C)the U.S. ambassador to the region.
D)the representative of the government of Spain.
32
In one of history's worst acts of cultural vandalism, as maintained in "The Maya Collapses," the Spanish bishop Diego de Landa undertook to:
A)destroy the Mayan's faith in their kings as god-like figures.
B)burn all Mayan manuscripts.
C)dismantle as many Mayan temples as possible.
D)convince the Mayan to grow crops suitable for foreign markets.
33
Even today, as described in "The Maya Collapses," many of the Maya ruins are surrounded by jungle and far from current human settlements.
A)True
B)False
34
The first settlers to Iceland, as explained in "Through Dirt to the Past," arrived more than a thousand years ago from:
A)Ireland.
B)North America.
C)Russia.
D)Norway.
35
Volcanic ash, such as the tephra found on Iceland, as described in "Through Dirt to the Past," is valuable to archaeologists because it:
A)preserves specimens intact.
B)discourages looters.
C)allows for precise dating of structures.
D)creates distinct and detailed fossils.
36
According to "Through Dirt to the Past," it appears that the basic structure and production of farms in Iceland has changed little over the centuries since the first settlers arrived.
A)True
B)False
37
As discussed in "High-Tech 'Digging,' " new technologies:
A)have moved archaeology into the arena of hard science.
B)have had little effect on methods in archaeology.
C)make excavation more difficult.
D)allow archaeologists to draw more information from sites and materials recovered.
38
According to "A Wasp's-Nest Clock," a fossilized wasp nest just next to a painted figure:
A)preserved the color of the picture.
B)demonstrated that humans once lived in the area.
C)prevented the weather from damaging the art.
D)made it possible to date the art.
39
As discussed in "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," Clyde Snow's specialty is:
A)grouping fossils according to geographic origin.
B)locating fossil remains.
C)identifying skeletons.
D)assembling skeletal remains for display.
40
Clyde Snow, according to "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," can determine a skeleton's sex by checking all of the following except the:
A)length of the finger bones.
B)prominence of the brow ridge.
C)pelvis.
D)size of the mastoid processes.
41
The sex of a skeleton, as suggested in "Profile of an Anthropologist: No Bone Unturned," is always obvious.
A)True
B)False
42
The best known use of computer simulation to advance archaeological understanding, as put forth in "Simulating Ancient Societies," was an attempt to examine the:
A)collapse of the Classic Maya civilization.
B)power structure in the Aztec empire.
C)migration patterns across China.
D)pueblo culture in the North American Southwest.
43
By the end of the period lasting between A.D. 1000 and 1300, when the Puebloan culture had reached its peak, as explained in "Simulating Ancient Societies," the people:
A)suffered a rapid succession of disease epidemics.
B)reformed their government structure.
C)abandoned their towns and dwellings.
D)had conquered all of the surrounding settlements.
44
Archaeology, as pointed out in "Simulating Ancient Societies," is the main source of information about human history, as the textual record is far more limited.
A)True
B)False
45
According to "What Did They Eat?" food residue in pottery:
A)must be visible to be useful.
B)has a relatively short useful lifespan for the archaeologist.
C)is especially helpful in glazed pottery.
D)can answer archaeological questions about diet.
46
A key step in concentrating power in a small number of hands in ancient Egypt, as put forth in "City of the Hawk," was to maintain control over:
A)marriage and childbirth practices.
B)the food supply.
C)the production of weapons.
D)religious ceremonies.
47
The patron deity of kingship in ancient Egypt, as explained in "City of the Hawk," was represented by a:
A)bull.
B)tree.
C)bird.
D)lion.
48
Large-scale production and specialization, as noted in "City of the Hawk," were well established prior to the rise of pharonic rule and were necessary for its support.
A)True
B)False
49
The Asherah of ancient Israel, as put forth in "The Lost Goddess of Israel," is now believed to have been the:
A)daughter of Yahweh.
B)mother of one of the fallen angels.
C)wife or consort of Yahweh.
D)first prophet to speak of Yahweh.
50
The goddess Asherah, as explained in "The Lost Goddess of Israel," is well known to archaeologists from the site of Ugarit in:
A)Turkey.
B)Egypt.
C)Palestine.
D)Syria.
51
Changes that occurred in the heartland of Israelite settlement around 1100 B.C., such as the development of small rural settlements and a rejection of the raising of pigs, as maintained in "The Lost Goddess of Israel," do not appear to be rooted in a religious movement.
A)True
B)False
52
Under the rule of the Medici, as described in "Secrets of the Medici," the intellectual hub of the Western world was firmly established as being in:
A)Rome.
B)Venice.
C)Siena.
D)Florence.
53
The Medici tombs, as explained in "Secrets of the Medici," were moved to their current position under the floor of the Chapel of San Lorenzo after:
A)an earthquake destroyed part of the above-ground structure.
B)it was discovered that the above-ground tombs had been plundered.
C)extensive renovations were planned for the chapel.
D)the family was no longer able to maintain them.
54
Although Cosimo's marriage to Eleonora of Toledo was politically advantageous, as put forth in "Secrets of the Medici," family records indicate that it was not a happy relationship.
A)True
B)False
55
As reported in "Living Through the Donner Party," a study of the Donner Party reveals that:
A)there was little predictability in the behavior of the people.
B)normal human values were entirely set aside.
C)there were reasons why some survived and some did not.
D)the facts of the case were not consistent with the stories told by survivors.
56
As explained in "Israel's Mysterious Stone," the geologists arguing for the authenticity of the tablet base the bulk of their argument on:
A)carbon-dating of the patina that formed on the tablet, which puts it within the correct time frame.
B)testimony of several paleographers that the text on the tablet is historically accurate.
C)the closeness of the text to the account of the rebuilding of Solomon's temple given in II Kings.
D)the fact that it is very difficult to apply a fake patina to sandstone.
57
As noted in "Israel's Mysterious Stone," Hershel Shanks, editor of the magazine "Biblical Archeology Review," has offered $10,000 to anyone who can:
A)prove that the tablet is a forgery.
B)produce evidence that the tablet is authentic.
C)convincingly fake a patina like that on the tablet.
D)find the tablet and deliver it to him.
58
As stated in "Israel's Mysterious Stone," according to Israeli law, all antiquities are the property of the person or organization that finds them.
A)True
B)False
59
As detailed in "Legacy of the Crusades," the Hospitallers (or Knights of St. John) were:
A)among the first wave of European crusaders.
B)originally devoted to caring for the sick.
C)founded as a military order.
D)pacifists who did not fight in the Crusades.
60
As pointed out in "Legacy of the Crusades," residents of the Old City of Akko, the historic district that reflects the city's Arab character, are primarily:
A)Jewish homeowners who moved there after Arab residents fled the city in 1948.
B)Arabs who have been there since before the establishment of Israel.
C)Jews who are drawn to the historic character of the area.
D)Arab renters who are not permitted to buy their homes from the Israeli government.
61
As described in "Legacy of the Crusades," because Jordan has been relatively free of conflict during the Israeli-Palestinian struggle, its tourism industry has not suffered.
A)True
B)False
62
Garatt Fagan, who has spent much of his career fighting against the claims of alternative archaeology, as put forth in "Archaeology from the Dark Side," believes that the conflict between the archaeological establishment and alternative proponents is fundamentally one of:
A)religion.
B)politics.
C)economics.
D)philosophy.
63
Creationists and alt-archaeologists, as suggested in "Archaeology from the Dark Side," both seek to provide a picture of the past that:
A)is founded on comforting myths.
B)is more orderly and meaningful.
C)has humans at its center.
D)was more idyllic than the present.
64
In spite of the fact that the Coso artifact has been identified as a modern piece of equipment, as noted in "Archaeology from the Dark Side," most followers of alternative archaeology still believe it to be an ancient artifact of mysterious origins.
A)True
B)False
65
In the age of globalization, as shown in "Ownership and Control of Ethnographic Materials," what has changed most in ethnographic research is:
A)the way academic anthropologists deal with the communities they study.
B)how members of the studied communities deal with their anthropologists.
C)the reliance on computer modeling rather than fieldwork.
D)the dependence on corporate funding for fieldwork.
66
As maintained in "Ownership and Control of Ethnographic Materials," local communities usually can manage the flow of research information only by:
A)dealing with the most reputable universities.
B)relying on the courts.
C)doing the research themselves.
D)sponsoring the research.
67
As set out in "Ownership and Control of Ethnographic Materials," traditionally, members of the study community have not been granted access to raw field materials during an anthropologist's lifetime.
A)True
B)False
68
As explained in "Last Word on Kennewick Man?" the decision of Judge John Jelderks:
A)contradicted the prior decision made by the government regarding the disposition of the skeleton.
B)ordered the scientists in possession of Kennewick Man to turn it over to a coalition of Native American tribes.
C)demanded the reburial of Kennewick Man's remains.
D)declared Kennewick Man to have been Caucasian and thus not the property of the Native American tribes.
69
As made clear in "Last Word on Kennewick Man?" Chatters believes that:
A)Native American burial rituals are far less important than his work.
B)the central issue in the case was race.
C)the Kennewick Man differs greatly from all present-day peoples.
D)NAGPRA severely impedes scientific progress.
70
According to "Last Word on Kennewick Man?" Chatters' devotion to scientific study of Kennewick Man prompted him to steal several bones from the skeleton.
A)True
B)False
71
As explained in "Guardians of the Dead," the point of the grupa de proteccion arqueologica is to:
A)promote trade in local antiquities.
B)protect the business interests of local antique dealers.
C)raise awareness of local archaeological assets and history.
D)stop looters from plundering what lies beneath the land.
72
As noted in "Guardians of the Dead," social hierarchy in Cayalti is based on:
A)birth caste.
B)the sugar trade.
C)land ownership.
D)the antiquities market.
73
As pointed out in "Guardians of the Dead," most of the people in Ucupe collaborate with the grupa.
A)True
B)False
74
Georgi Kitov, as presented in "Thracian Gold Fever," defends his unorthodox excavation methods as strategies to:
A)encourage Bulgarians to take an interest in their past.
B)motivate the government to fund archaeological projects.
C)move into sites ahead of looters.
D)speed the work of his colleagues in Bulgaria, who often work too slowly to be effective.
75
The gold mask that first made Georgi Kitov famous as an archaeologist in Bulgaria, as reported in "Thracian Gold Fever," was eventually determined to be the death mask of a:
A)king.
B)priest.
C)aristocrat.
D)warrior.
76
Modern day Bulgarians, as explained in "Thracian Gold Fever," are direct descendants of the Thracians.
A)True
B)False
77
The archaeological remains of Flanders Fields, as explained in "In Flanders Fields," are currently threatened by a project to:
A)create a park in the area.
B)build a major new highway.
C)design new luxury housing.
D)build a new university.
78
The first objections to the plan to create a new highway into Ypres (Ieper), as noted in "In Flanders Fields," came from:
A)university students.
B)veterans groups.
C)farmers.
D)small business owners.
79
During World War I, as described in "In Flanders Fields," huge armies were bogged down in Flanders Fields, leaving behind a rich archaeological record of a bloody portion of the conflict.
A)True
B)False
80
According to "The Past as Propaganda," the Nazi era saw archaeologists distorting history:
A)because of their widespread incompetence.
B)to prove that religion was all a myth.
C)to justify racist goals.
D)to make the Russians look bad.
81
According to "Earth Movers," terra preta is a soil with a high concentration of both organic material and:
A)oxygen.
B)nitrogen.
C)carbon.
D)magnesium.
82
Betty J. Meggers, one of the most influential archaeologists of Amazonia during the mid-twentieth century, as explained in "Earth Movers," put forth the view that populations residing in the Amazon jungle region used population-control methods such as:
A)primitive birth control.
B)abandonment of elders.
C)abortion.
D)infanticide.
83
Until recently, as described in "Earth Movers," the South American rain forest was viewed as an area whose inhospitable environment precluded the development of complex, populous societies.
A)True
B)False
84
The first fossil remains of a Neanderthal, as set forth in "Whither the Neanderthals?" were found in:
A)Italy.
B)Russia.
C)Germany.
D)Great Britain.
85
Modern humans, as explained in "Whither the Neanderthals?" were able to invade Europe and Asia and eventually overcome the Neanderthals because of their superior:
A)weaponry.
B)ability to innovate.
C)communication skills.
D)body structures.
86
Most Neanderthal specimens, as pointed out in "Whither the Neanderthals?" are isolated skeletal elements, especially teeth and jaws.
A)True
B)False
87
The most politically correct view of Neandertals in recent years, as put forth in "The New Neandertal," was that they were:
A)peaceful farmers.
B)almost indistinguishable from modern humans in behaviors and abilities.
C)innocent nomads.
D)skilled artisans and craftspeople.
88
Recently, as described in "The New Neandertal," researchers were able to come to the conclusion that Neandertals reached adulthood earlier than present-day populations through an examination of:
A)tooth enamel.
B)leg bones.
C)pelvic bones.
D)vertebrae.
89
Most scholars of Neandertal history, as mentioned in "The New Neandertal," have focused on analyzing particular parts of the skeleton, rather than trying to put together a picture of a complete body.
A)True
B)False
90
The first instance of funded space-archaeology research, as mentioned in "Space: The Final [Archaeological] Frontier," is a team based at:
A)NASA.
B)the Department of Defense.
C)the University of Florida.
D)New Mexico State University.
91
Tranquility Base, a location on the Moon, as explained in "Space: The Final [Archaeological] Frontier," is unlikely to qualify for a placement on UNESCO's World Heritage List because:
A)the United States does not participate in UNESCO efforts.
B)it would be impossible for the UN to send a team of inspectors to the site.
C)it can be regarded as a battle in the Cold War, rather than a global cultural achievement.
D)only a single country considers the site to be of significant importance.
92
The UN Outer Space Treaty of 1967, as cited in "Space: The Final [Archaeological] Frontier," states that "space junk" remains the property of the country that sent the craft or probe into space and allows for protection of landing sites and areas of human exploration.
A)True
B)False





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