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Practice Quiz
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1
The U.S. criminal justice system, according to "What Is the Sequence of Events in the Criminal Justice System?" is founded on the concept that:
A)a crime victim is entitled to retribution from the accused.
B)individuals are innocent until proven guilty.
C)crimes against an individual are crimes against the State.
D)law enforcement officers can arrest an individual they suspect committed a crime.
2
According to "What Is the Sequence of Events in the Criminal Justice System?" if a prosecutor charges a suspect with a serious crime, the suspect:
A)immediately goes before a grand jury.
B)must be taken before a judge or magistrate without unnecessary delay for an initial appearance.
C)will be taken into pretrial detention.
D)will have a preliminary hearing to determine probable cause.
3
U.S. criminal cases, as presented in "What Is the Sequence of Events in the Criminal Justice System?" are all handled in a similar manner regardless of the jurisdiction.
A)True
B)False
4
As identified in "Plugging Holes in the Science of Forensics," a type of evidence that was found by the panel of experts to have been rigorously peer-reviewed was:
A)analysis of fingerprints.
B)DNA analysis.
C)bite marks.
D)striations of a gun's firing mechanism.
5
As reported in "Plugging Holes in the Science of Forensics," the problem in the forensic disciplines is:
A)lack of research in forensic science.
B)lack of research geared to improving technologies and techniques.
C)research has not reached a level where findings can be stated in a rigorous scientific way.
D)lack of motivation to set research standards.
6
As noted in "Plugging Holes in the Science of Forensics," the best place to validate scientific information in the area of forensics is the courtroom.
A)True
B)False
7
As profiled in "Picked from a Lineup, on a Whiff of Evidence," Deputy Keith A. Pikett of the Fort Bend County, Texas, Sheriff's Department, actively advocates the use of scent dogs and personally uses his own home-trained:
A)bloodhounds.
B)basset hounds.
C)German shepherds.
D)rescue mongrels.
8
According to "Picked from a Lineup, on a Whiff of Evidence," the first person to file a civil lawsuit after having been wrongly jailed on the basis of Deputy Pikett's dogs was:
A)accused burglar Ronald Curtis.
B)lawyer Rex Easley.
C)murder suspect Curvis Bickham.
D)retired law officer Michael Buchanek.
9
As cited in "Picked from a Lineup, on a Whiff of Evidence," a 2004 report by the FBI states that the use of scent dogs has proven too unreliable to be used as a tool that can establish a connection to the crime.
A)True
B)False
10
As noted in "Organizational Learning and Islamic Militancy," the failed car bombings in London and Glasgow in 2007 were perpetrated by:
A)petty criminals.
B)Iran intelligence.
C)medical doctors.
D)a disgruntled British army officer.
11
As mentioned in "Organizational Learning and Islamic Militancy," two of the most devastating terrorist attacks since September 11, 2001, took place in Britain and:
A)Mexico.
B)South Korea.
C)Spain.
D)Hong Kong.
12
As stated in "Organizational Learning and Islamic Militancy," well-educated people do not necessarily make good terrorists.
A)True
B)False
13
As reported in "The Death of the War on Drugs," dominant crime-control policies are driven by a:
A)concern for the economic effects of crime.
B)retributive view of punishment.
C)desire to rehabilitate offenders.
D)sense of helplessness.
14
As noted in "The Death of the War on Drugs," the author is ashamed that:
A)so many Americans abuse drugs.
B)there are so few effective drug rehabilitation programs.
C)nothing has been done to reduce the supply of drugs.
D)there are so many Americans incarcerated.
15
As observed in "The Death of the War on Drugs," people who violate minor drug laws have a right to comprehensive services to fix the cause of their illegal conduct.
A)True
B)False
16
As brought out in "The Wrong Man," the deadly anthrax attacks that followed the terrorist attacks of 9/11 became the subject of an FBI matter dubbed the:
A)Amerithrax investigation.
B)Envelope Affair.
C)Hunt for Mr. Bacterium.
D)Van Harp case.
17
As noted in "The Wrong Man," suspected anthrax-terrorist Steven Hatfill has been described as being all of the following, except:
A)flag-waving.
B)gymnasium-challenged.
C)bawdy.
D)partial to blood-rare steaks.
18
According to "The Wrong Man," at the time of the anthrax attacks, Hatfill was taking an anti-anthrax drug.
A)True
B)False
19
As noted in "Universal Policing: Counterterrorism Lessons from Northern Ireland," the centuries-old feud in Northern Ireland between members of the Catholic and Protestant communities is most recently known as The:
A)Travail.
B)Troubles.
C)Turmoil.
D)Torments.
20
As explained in "Universal Policing: Counterterrorism Lessons from Northern Ireland," one of the main reasons the conflict occurred in Northern Ireland involved the Catholic community's perception of the police as:
A)invisible.
B)demonic.
C)illegitimate.
D)barbaric.
21
As clarified in "Universal Policing: Counterterrorism Lessons from Northern Ireland," for hundreds of years, the Irish Protestants felt marginalized due to the closeness between the Catholics and the British government.
A)True
B)False
22
As noted in "Telling the Truth About Damned Lies and Statistics, as used in Chronicle of Higher Education, May 4, 2001. Excerpted from Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politicians, and Activists, (University of California Press, 2001)," as a practical matter, it is virtually impossible for citizens in a contemporary society to:
A)understand complicated analyses.
B)avoid statistics about social problems.
C)create new statistical methods.
D)work on statistical ratios without a sound database.
23
As presented in "Telling the Truth About Damned Lies and Statistics, as used in Chronicle of Higher Education, May 4, 2001. Excerpted from Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politicians, and Activists, (University of California Press, 2001)," becoming critical about statistics requires:
A)advanced mathematical concepts.
B)limited verbal insight.
C)being prepared to ask questions about numbers.
D)advanced technical skills.
24
As explained in "Telling the Truth About Damned Lies and Statistics, as used in Chronicle of Higher Education, May 4, 2001. Excerpted from Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politicians, and Activists, (Univeristy of California Press, 2001). ," thinking critically about statistics requires an understanding of human nature.
A)True
B)False
25
As noted in "The Face of Domestic Violence," Amanda White's attraction to Dietrich White began when she had a crush on him:
A)from the first day he moved next door in 1997.
B)during her freshman year in college.
C)when they worked together at a local diner.
D)in junior high school.
26
As related in "The Face of Domestic Violence," the turning point for the repeatedly abused Amanda White was the:
A)moment her husband broke her arm.
B)threat of losing her children.
C)day she nearly drowned at the hands of her husband.
D)first time she saw a photograph of her battered face.
27
As evident from the account in "The Face of Domestic Violence," Dietrich White's violent outbursts were never associated with his drinking.
A)True
B)False
28
As defined in "Death by Gender," the murder and mutilation of victims selected by sex is known as:
A)fraternal destiny.
B)sexual selection.
C)gendercide.
D)gender atrocity.
29
As set forth in "Death by Gender," for this article, the author has chosen to focus on honor killing because it is so:
A)well documented.
B)painfully personal.
C)vile an act.
D)intriguing.
30
According to "Death by Gender," the practice of honor killing is rarely condemned by the educated and sophisticated members of the societies in which the killings occur—or by the social activists or leaders of the "free world."
A)True
B)False
31
The two pioneering studies of bruising in the elderly profiled in "Elder Abuse Emerges from the Shadows of Public Consciousness," were sponsored by the:
A)National Institutes of Health.
B)National Institute of Justice.
C)American Association of Retired Persons.
D)Blue Cross Blue Shield Association.
32
As identified in "Elder Abuse Emerges from the Shadows of Public Consciousness," Aileen Wigglesworth is a:
A)geriatric physician.
B)a 90-something case study, repeatedly abused by her grandson.
C)detective experienced in elder-abuse investigation.
D)a gerontologist and elder-abuse researcher.
33
As noted in "Elder Abuse Emerges from the Shadows of Public Consciousness," it has been observed that "normal bruises" are typically larger than "abusive bruises."
A)True
B)False
34
As stated in "Options for Reporting Sexual Violence: Developments over the Past Decade," VAWA 2005 emphasizes all of the following, except:
A)healthcare.
B)reporting to law enforcement.
C)evidence collection.
D)no-charge forensic examinations.
35
As specified in "Options for Reporting Sexual Violence: Developments over the Past Decade," in the U.S. military, the type of sexual-violence reporting in which the service providers will not inform law enforcement unless the victim consents or an established exception is exercised under DoD Directive 6495.01 is designated as:
A)anonymous.
B)restricted.
C)unrestricted.
D)confidential.
36
According to "Options for Reporting Sexual Violence: Developments over the Past Decade," states that do not comply with the VAWA 2005 requirement regarding forensic examinations will not be eligible to receive STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program funds.
A)True
B)False
37
As explained in "The U Visa: An Effective Resource for Law Enforcement," Congress created the U visa in 2000 as part of the:
A)Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act.
B)Community Policing Act.
C)Immigration and Nationality Act.
D)Conditional Green Card Act.
38
As pointed out in "The U Visa: An Effective Resource for Law Enforcement," unlike other protections available to battered immigrants (such as those provided under the Violence Against Women Act), eligibility for a U visa does not depend on:
A)a marriage between the victim and abuser.
B)the length of time the victim has been in the United States.
C)the age of the victim.
D)state and local laws.
39
As cited in "The U Visa: An Effective Resource for Law Enforcement," statistics show that, on average, women leave and return to an abusive relationship five times before permanently leaving.
A)True
B)False
40
As concluded in "Victim Satisfaction with the Criminal Justice System," women who have been abused benefit the most when the criminal justice system collaborates and coordinates with:
A)legal aid.
B)the woman's extended family.
C)law enforcement.
D)nonprofit and community-based agencies.
41
The theory of researchers cited in "Victim Satisfaction with the Criminal Justice System" was that women who had experienced abuse in childhood might view reporting later abuse to the police as:
A)their last resort.
B)retroactive betrayal of the adult, usually a parent or relative, who had abused them.
C)a useless ritualism.
D)the first step toward independence.
42
As revealed in "Victim Satisfaction with the Criminal Justice System," victims of physical abuse were more likely to report subsequent offenses if they were less serious, like violations of restraining orders, rather than physical assaults.
A)True
B)False
43
As stated in "Policing in Arab-American Communities after September 11," the key to building trust of law enforcement is:
A)a media campaign that targets television shows popular in the Arab-American community.
B)teaching children about U.S. laws and law enforcement in school so that they can pass the knowledge on to their parents.
C)reaching out to the local community.
D)an increased perception of external security to decrease public fears of terrorist attacks.
44
As reported in "Policing in Arab-American Communities after September 11," one FBI special agent said that the general public calls in some ridiculous accusations, noting that it is really guilt by:
A)association.
B)being Muslim.
C)personal vendetta.
D)ethnic background.
45
According to "Policing in Arab-American Communities after September 11," some Arab-Americans have said they fear federal policies and practices even more than violence against them.
A)True
B)False
46
The growing acceptance of racist law-enforcement practices, as pointed out in "Racial Profiling and Its Apologists," has been based on all of the following except:
A)expert testimony from academic researchers.
B)slippery logic.
C)deceptive use of crime statistics.
D)a general disregard for the individuals affected by these practices.
47
Higher crime rates among African Americans, as stated in "Racial Profiling and Its Apologists," are most properly attributed to:
A)fewer educational opportunities.
B)anger over racial injustices.
C)adverse economic conditions.
D)self-reinforcing cycles of violence.
48
In simple numerical terms, as cited in "Racial Profiling and Its Apologists," whites commit three times more violent crimes each year than blacks.
A)True
B)False
49
According to "Our Oath of Office: A Solemn Promise," federal law-enforcement officers take an oath because:
A)the President orders it.
B)it is traditional.
C)they choose to.
D)it is a constitutional requirement.
50
As pointed out in "Our Oath of Office: A Solemn Promise," the federal oath was first expanded during the administration of:
A)John Quincy Adams.
B)Andrew Jackson.
C)James Buchanan.
D)Abraham Lincoln.
51
As noted in "Our Oath of Office: A Solemn Promise," the oath required of state officers by federal statute has not changed since the eighteenth century.
A)True
B)False
52
As maintained in "Police Investigations of the Use of Deadly Force Can Influence Perceptions and Outcomes," police officers are taught how to reconstruct a crime, find the facts, and gather evidence to prosecute the offenders, and historically they have done this:
A)extremely well.
B)as well as could be expected.
C)with varying success.
D)rather poorly.
53
As suggested in "Police Investigations of the Use of Deadly Force Can Influence Perceptions and Outcomes," the number of primary investigators to oversee a police-shooting case from beginning to end should be:
A)one and only one.
B)exactly two.
C)at least two.
D)two groups of four.
54
As recommended in "Police Investigations of the Use of Deadly Force Can Influence Perceptions and Outcomes," after a police-shooting incident, the involved officers should be removed from the scene as soon as possible and taken to a secure location away from other witnesses and media personnel.
A)True
B)False
55
According to "Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fidgets," people who are telling a prepared lie are more likely than truth tellers to:
A)slump in their seat.
B)stick to a tight script.
C)sweat.
D)avert their eyes.
56
As identified in "Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fidgets," the fictional detective whose interrogation technique most matches the one advocated by scientists who have researched interrogation methods is:
A)Dirty Harry.
B)Joe Friday.
C)Lt. Columbo.
D)Inspector Lestrade.
57
As noted in "Judging Honesty by Words, Not Fidgets," researchers in Sweden found that less confrontational interrogations were associated with a higher likelihood of confession.
A)True
B)False
58
As discussed in "Behavioral Mirroring in Interviewing," one of the most powerful and proven ways of establishing rapport is mirroring another's behavior, which goes by the technical term of:
A)isopraxis.
B)imprinting.
C)synchronicity.
D)mimicry.
59
As specified in "Behavioral Mirroring in Interviewing," personality mirroring corresponds with:
A)psychic mirroring.
B)nonverbal mirroring.
C)verbal mirroring.
D)emotional mirroring.
60
As noted in "Behavioral Mirroring in Interviewing," a person's tendency to focus on facts is one of the indicators of task orientation.
A)True
B)False
61
As explained in "Keeping Officers Safe on the Road," the reason that different fire departments use different colors of warning lights is based mostly on:
A)science.
B)economics.
C)local laws.
D)tradition.
62
As noted in "Keeping Officers Safe on the Road," one of the requirements specified by the NFPA's Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus is that 25 percent of the front of the vehicle be covered with:
A)strobing lights.
B)flashing lights.
C)retroreflective material.
D)red and white lights.
63
As reported in "Keeping Officers Safe on the Road," 33 out of the 118 firefighters who died while on duty in 2008 were killed in motor vehicle incidents.
A)True
B)False
64
As noted in "Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S.," commercial bail-bond companies dominate the pre-trial release systems of only two nations, the United States and:
A)Great Britain.
B)Afghanistan.
C)India.
D)the Philippines.
65
As related in "Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S.," the system of bail to make sure defendants show up for trial has its roots in:
A)English common law.
B)Dutch law as applied in colonial America.
C)the Napoleonic code.
D)medieval Germanic law.
66
As given in "Illegal Globally, Bail for Profit Remains in U.S.," one of the problems with the bail bond system is that 40 percent of people released on bail are eventually acquitted or have the charges dropped, and many of those people have paid a nonrefundable fee to remain free in the meantime.
A)True
B)False
67
As clarified in "The Forfeiture Racket," technically, civil-asset forfeiture proceedings are brought against:
A)everyone questioned at the scene of the seizure.
B)the property.
C)the owner of the property.
D)the law-enforcement officer of record.
68
As profiled in "The Forfeiture Racket," the college student whose $17,500 was confiscated by the police in 2009 was:
A)Jason Brice.
B)Christopher Gambill.
C)Dwight Simmons.
D)Anthony Smelley.
69
As cited in "The Forfeiture Racket," Justice Department statistics reveal that nearly every year, the federal government sets new records for asset forfeiture.
A)True
B)False
70
As reported in "When Our Eyes Deceive Us," the argument offered by researcher Gary Wells for reforming our eyewitness-identification system is that:
A)witnesses are uncomfortable in the witness stand.
B)too many false identifications have been made.
C)there is an incentive for the police to subtly nudge memories.
D)eyewitness testimony is inherently tainted.
71
As noted in "When Our Eyes Deceive Us," Timothy Cole:
A)was never positively identified by a witness.
B)was freed from prison after DNA evidence proved him innocent.
C)had to take his case all the way to the Supreme Court.
D)died in prison before he was exonerated.
72
As stated in "When Our Eyes Deceive Us," the issue of eyewitness-identification reform tracks along the usual left-right divide.
A)True
B)False
73
As cited in "The DNA Factor," Tennessee's Lieutenant Governor Ron Ramsey has described DNA as:
A)law enforcement's ultimate mystery.
B)strands of legal trouble.
C)the twenty-first century fingerprint.
D)the best and the worst of crime technology.
74
As related in "The DNA Factor," in 2009, Senator Dawn Creekmore of Arkansas sponsored the successful Juli's Law, which she hopes will eventually be expanded to require that DNA samples be taken from all suspects charged with:
A)kidnapping.
B)sexual assault.
C)murder.
D)burglary.
75
As noted in "The DNA Factor," DNA testing first appeared as a viable technique in 1962.
A)True
B)False
76
As presented in "DNA's Dirty Little Secret," the cold case under review was a:
A)1958 Las Vegas burglary and murder.
B)1961 Los Angeles double murder.
C)1972 San Francisco sexual assault and murder.
D)1984 Chicago kidnapping and murder.
77
As mentioned in "DNA's Dirty Little Secret," the air of infallibility that TV crime shows have given to the power of DNA evidence is a phenomenon known in criminal justice circles as:
A)the not-so-Cold Case.
B)the CSI effect.
C)painting by Numb3rs.
D)rolling the Bones.
78
According to "DNA's Dirty Little Secret," jurors are rarely told that the reliability of DNA evidence plummets when the DNA is incomplete or degraded.
A)True
B)False
79
As stated in "Confessions and the Constitution: The Remedy for Violating Constitutional Safeguards," the "remedy of suppression" is also called the:
A)curse of the Fourth Amendment.
B)exclusionary rule.
C)Mapp provision.
D)fix of silence.
80
As discussed in "Confessions and the Constitution: The Remedy for Violating Constitutional Safeguards," the Supreme Court case in which it was decided that "if the warning and waiving procedures are not followed when a person is in custody and subject to interrogation, any statement obtained is inadmissible in the prosecution's case in chief" was:
A)Kaupp v. Texas.
B)Miranda v. Arizona.
C)United States v. Patane.
D)Brown v. Illinois.
81
As noted in "Confessions and the Constitution: The Remedy for Violating Constitutional Safeguards," the "remedy of suppression," created by the Supreme Court in 1914, was limited to the federal government and its agents until 1961.
A)True
B)False
82
As suggested in "Justice & Antonin Scalia," Antonin Scalia was able to get past questioning by the Democrat-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee by:
A)refusing to discuss his views on any question likely to come before him.
B)offering only vague and equivocating answers to questions.
C)presenting himself as less conservative than he really is.
D)being personally affable.
83
As noted in "Justice & Antonin Scalia," Antonin Scalia and other legal scholars think the twentieth century's most influential justice was:
A)Thurgood Marshall.
B)William Brennan.
C)Earl Warren.
D)William O. Douglas.
84
As reported in "Justice & Antonin Scalia," the Chief Justice has the task of assigning Supreme Court opinions in which he or she is on the majority.
A)True
B)False
85
As reported in "Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships," factors associated with decreased risk of dating violence include:
A)exposure to peer drinking activities.
B)negative parent-child interactions.
C)doing well in school.
D)earlier exposures to violence.
86
As noted in "Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships," the region of the United States where adolescents are at substantially greater risk for experiencing dating violence is:
A)New England.
B)the West Coast.
C)the Upper Midwest.
D)the South.
87
As stated in "Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships," the likelihood of victimization from violence increases as the number of dating partners increases.
A)True
B)False
88
As related in "America's Imprisoned Kids," the main argument of Leland Yee, a California state senator, against sentencing children to life imprisonment without parole is that:
A)it is embarrassing to the United States internationally.
B)the human brain is still maturing during adolescence and therefore minors are more likely to rehabilitate.
C)it is inconsistent with the religious doctrine of forgiveness.
D)it rises to the level of cruel and unusual punishment.
89
As cited in "America's Imprisoned Kids," law professor Babe Howell suggests that someday the United States may be as embarrassed by life sentences for juveniles as by:
A)Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s.
B)the use of child labor in factories in the early 1900s.
C)our country's involvement in the Iraq War.
D)slavery before the Civil War.
90
As put forth in "America's Imprisoned Kids," the only country that has a higher number of children in prisons with life sentences without parole or the death penalty is Somalia.
A)True
B)False
91
As noted in "The Long View of Crime," the observation that the prevalence of criminal offenses rises during adolescence and decreases in the early twenties:
A)has stood the test of time.
B)is highly debatable.
C)is no longer the informed view.
D)was first documented in a 1958 study.
92
As related in "The Long View of Crime," one firmly fixed finding over the years has been that intensive work by adolescents (that is, 20 or more hours per week):
A)increases delinquent behavior.
B)decreases delinquent behavior.
C)has no appreciable effect on delinquent behavior.
D)decreases the high-school dropout rate.
93
As asserted in "The Long View of Crime," no one disputes that gang members commit more crime than nonmembers.
A)True
B)False
94
As described in "Jail Time Is Learning Time," the Incarcerated Education Program of the Onondaga County Justice Center in Syracuse, New York, was established to:
A)prepare inmates for their transfer to maximum-security prisons.
B)train guards to deal appropriately with inmate behavior.
C)provide education and training to inmates during incarceration.
D)help inmates deal with life in jail.
95
As claimed in "Jail Time Is Learning Time," the educational program at the Onondaga County Justice Center is unique in that it:
A)allows only minors to participate in the program.
B)includes law-enforcement personnel who are also certified instructors.
C)offers a GED education and exam component.
D)employs the direct-supervision model of inmate management.
96
As noted in "Jail Time Is Learning Time," the average passing rate for the GED exam among Onondaga County Justice Center inmates is higher than that of the general public.
A)True
B)False
97
According to "Lifers as Teenagers, Now Seeking Second Chance," the American legal system emphasizes individual responsibility and punishment, while the European legal systems emphasize:
A)rehabilitation.
B)forgiveness.
C)the responsibility of society at large.
D)reparations.
98
As quoted in "Lifers as Teenagers, Now Seeking Second Chance," the prosecutor in the Ashley Jones case believes that Ashley should not receive parole because:
A)it would send the wrong message to other teenagers contemplating crimes.
B)she believes that Ashley has no conscience and would be a threat to kill again.
C)age should not be an issue when the crime is so serious.
D)that was the punishment at the time the crime was committed.
99
As reported in "Lifers as Teenagers, Now Seeking Second Chance," Ashley Jones' grandmother, Mary Nalls, believes that Ashley should have a chance for parole.
A)True
B)False
100
According to "Preventing Future Crime with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy," cognitive behavioral therapy has only recently come into prominence as one of the few approaches to psychotherapy that has been broadly validated with research, although it has been used in psychological therapy:
A)for more than 40 years.
B)since World War I.
C)by the Chinese military since the 1890s.
D)in Europe for nearly 150 years.
101
As cited in "Preventing Future Crime with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy," researcher Mark Lipsey found that, among various therapeutic interventions, the single-most effective in reducing further criminal behavior were the approaches involving:
A)multiple services.
B)restorative programs.
C)discipline.
D)skill building.
102
As noted in "Preventing Future Crime with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy," unlike other approaches to psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy rarely relies on individual counseling sessions.
A)True
B)False
103
As noted in "Interviewing Compliant Adolescent Victims," in adolescence, the part of the brain responsible for reasoning, inhibiting impulses, controlling emotions, and determining right from wrong:
A)is subject to chemical irregularities.
B)is overly developed.
C)has not completely formed.
D)is fully formed.
104
As addressed in "Interviewing Compliant Adolescent Victims," investigators must avoid turning the juvenile victim interview into:
A)an emotional scene.
B)a boring routine.
C)an interrogation.
D)a gossipy chat.
105
According to "Interviewing Compliant Adolescent Victims," online predators rarely use threats or deception to lure their teenage victims.
A)True
B)False
106
According to "Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations'," what truly distinguishes American prison policy is the:
A)harshness of prison conditions.
B)length of sentences.
C)length of the trial process.
D)emphasis on rehabilitation.
107
As discussed in "Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations'," an anomaly of the American criminal-justice system is that:
A)defendants have legal counsel.
B)American criminals are the world's least violent.
C)Americans are protected from searches.
D)American judges are elected.
108
As stated in "Inmate Count in U.S. Dwarfs Other Nations'," the United States leads the world in prison admissions per capita.
A)True
B)False
109
As noted in "Prisoners of Parole," Hawaiian state trial judge Steven Alm designed the model program HOPE, which is an acronym for:
A)Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement.
B)Hawaiian Offenders Program for Enlightenment.
C)Honor-Obligation-Promise-Endeavor.
D)Heating up Our Parole Endgame.
110
As related in "Prisoners of Parole," Judge Alm had been inspired in the mid-1990s by a speech given by David M. Kennedy about Operation Ceasefire, a program he was designing to reduce youth violence in:
A)Bosnia.
B)Boston.
C)Northern Ireland.
D)Los Angeles.
111
As pointed out in "Prisoners of Parole," a variety of recent research suggests that people are more likely to obey the law when they view law enforcement as fair and legitimate.
A)True
B)False
112
As presented in "American Politics: Democracy in America (Blog)," private prisons in Arizona:
A)help to reduce the total prison population with their harsh conditions.
B)provide more comforts and privileges than the state-run prisons.
C)cost more on a per-prisoner basis than public institutions.
D)have developed innovative education programs for prisoners.
113
According to "Prison Inmates Meet Socrates," the most important dimension of the mission of the three Texas educational programs is to reduce recidivism and:
A)increase inmate employability.
B)build a cohesive inmate community.
C)promote positive changes in thinking and conduct.
D)encourage empathy.
114
As noted in "Prison Inmates Meet Socrates," W.P. Montague contended that:
A)all criminals could be cured by being given Socratic wisdom.
B)wrong conduct is due to lack of will.
C)cure of the criminal should be the emphasis of criminal justice.
D)educating criminals is a waste of resources.
115
As reported in "Prison Inmates Meet Socrates," Socrates' doctrine is diametrically opposed to the orthodox belief that humans are sinners.
A)True
B)False
116
According to "One Clique," the commonly accepted major categories of security threat groups (STGs) include all of the following except:
A)street gangs.
B)drug cartels.
C)extremist/separatist groups.
D)motorcycle clubs.
117
As noted in "One Clique," the primary barrier between staff and Hispanic inmates in Georgia is:
A)STG membership.
B)socioeconomic level.
C)language.
D)religion.
118
As pointed out in "One Clique," situational associations do not have the potential to compromise security in correctional settings.
A)True
B)False
119
According to "The Professor Was a Prison Guard," the main difference between prison and academic life is that:
A)the university represents the hope, prison the failing, of the meritocracy.
B)academic life is so much safer.
C)prison life lacks prestige.
D)prison life is more reliable, and the pay is better.
120
As recounted in "The Professor Was a Prison Guard," when the author found some "joints" during a search, he was particularly bothered because:
A)they came from outside.
B)drugs were so valuable.
C)smuggling contraband in almost never succeeded.
D)a correction officer had to be involved.
121
As noted in "The Professor Was a Prison Guard," prisons run best when they respond appropriately to needs as well as misdeeds.
A)True
B)False
122
According to "Supermax Prisons," Supermaxes have proliferated for all of the following reasons except that they are:
A)cheaper to build and maintain.
B)new facilities to control the "worst of the worst."
C)a result of careerism of correctional administrators.
D)a response to the punitive agenda that took hold of criminal justice beginning in the early 1980s.
123
As given in "Supermax Prisons," Supermax facilities can be found in:
A)a quarter of the states.
B)about two-thirds of the states.
C)the South and West only.
D)the Northeast primarily.
124
As pointed out in "Supermax Prisons," many state directors of correction have admitted that the Supermax concept was a mistake.
A)True
B)False
125
The only nation to come close to the U.S. incarceration rate, as explained "The Results of American Incarceration," is:
A)Sweden.
B)Great Britain.
C)China.
D)Russia.
126
During World War II, as pointed out in "The Results of American Incarceration," the U.S. prison population declined significantly, largely because:
A)employment rates were high.
B)a large number of young men were in the armed forces.
C)there was a high level of community engagement and patriotism.
D)criminal penalties were harsher than at any other time in U.S. history.
127
Although some countries have high incarceration rates, as noted in "The Results of American Incarceration," most industrialized countries have far lower rates of violent crime than the United States.
A)True
B)False
128
As explained in "Partnering with Law Enforcement," the regional councils in Rhode Island:
A)are not permitted to be associated with faith-based groups.
B)have not yet had an impact on former prisoners.
C)lack social credibility.
D)have transformed the way agencies are able to assist returning inmates.
129
As noted in "Partnering with Law Enforcement," the first regional council in Rhode Island was in:
A)Newport.
B)Warwick.
C)Silver Lake.
D)Providence.
130
As stated in "Partnering with Law Enforcement," Cheryl Robinson reports that her only clients who returned to prison were the ones who refused help.
A)True
B)False





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