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Practice Quiz
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1
According to "Want Success in School? Start with Babies!", research suggests that the first step in the development of complex cognitions is:
A)perception of sound.
B)attainment of an attachment bond.
C)healthy brain wiring.
D)facial-recognition capacity.
2
Basic arguments about human infancy made in "Want Success in School? Start with Babies!", include that:
A)infancy is the most important time of life.
B)human infants are much the same as other mammal species.
C)a healthy infancy inoculates the child against future adverse experiences.
D)building the right foundation in critical development periods optimizes probability of later success.
3
As stated in "Want Success in School? Start with Babies!", the majority of American infant care is rated as high quality.
A)True
B)False
4
As reported in "The Poverty Solution that Starts with a Hug," the roots of impairment and underachievement:
A)begin in preschool years.
B)are biologically embedded.
C)cannot be prevented.
D)are irreversible.
5
In discussing toxic stress, the author of "The Poverty Solution that Starts with a Hug" notes that it:
A)is diffused by affection.
B)is of unknown causes.
C)has not been the subject of research.
D)is unlikely to have long-term effects.
6
As stated in "The Poverty Solution that Starts with a Hug," research on Dutch people who were in utero during the World War II famine found that they had more heart disease than those born before or after the famine.
A)True
B)False
7
As reported in "Why Pre-K is Critical to Closing the Achievement Gap," studies focusing on the long-term impacts of preschool education have found all of the following except that:
A)institutionalized preschool education increases cognitive abilities.
B)national achievement-test scores rise with the level of public expenditure on preschool education.
C)international studies are not consistent with the findings of U.S. research.
D)as preschool participation rates become more universal, average test scores rise.
8
As noted in "Why Pre-K is Critical to Closing the Achievement Gap," the difference between U.S. performance and that of the highest Program for International Student Assessment scores reflect:
A)lack of consistency in the U.S. approaches across the country.
B)the refusal of the American government to adequately fund preschool education.
C)the lack of accountability in pre-K teachers in the United States.
D)large income gaps across the American population.
9
As pointed out in "Why Pre-K is Critical to Closing the Achievement Gap," converting pre-K special-education classes into inclusion classes can increase preschool enrollment.
A)True
B)False
10
As observed in "Those Persistent Gaps," the predominant role in student achievement is played by:
A)parents.
B)school leaders.
C)student cohorts.
D)teachers.
11
Discussing issues regarding fear ad safety at school, the author of "Those Persistent Gaps" notes that:
A)gang activity has declined in most American schools.
B)white students report more participation in fights than Hispanic students.
C)in many schools, maintaining discipline is the largest problem that teachers face.
D)the gap between minority and white students' fear levels has widened considerably.
12
According to "Those Persistent Gaps," in 2005, the percentage of low-birth-weight babies was higher among whites than Hispanics.
A)True
B)False
13
Overall conclusions about readiness reached in "The Messiness of Readiness," include that:
A)children are perpetually ready to learn.
B)children know when they are ready to learn.
C)children who are not ready should not be in school.
D)the idea of readiness can be quantified.
14
As stated in "The Messiness of Readiness," the definition of readiness:
A)is the same across all populations and domains.
B)refers to knowledge already acquired.
C)is usually tied to cognitive and social domains.
D)has nothing to do with adult expectations.
15
As suggested in "The Messiness of Readiness," children who have difficulty learning may not be welcomed in some classrooms.
A)True
B)False
16
The author of "Don't Dismiss Early Education as Just Cute; It's Critical" claims that the benefits of preschool:
A)have never been objectively identified.
B)are overstated.
C)are not available to many children.
D)are too expensive to offer in a recession economy.
17
As maintained in "Don't Dismiss Early Education as Just Cute; It's Critical," the reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind legislation:
A)is unlikely to happen.
B)must recognize the earliest years of education.
C)has little relevance for preschool children.
D)is a topic that ignores the need for real reform.
18
As given in "Don't Dismiss Early Education as Just Cute; It's Critical," the state of early education in the United States is not good.
A)True
B)False
19
According to "$320,000 Kindergarten Teachers," research suggests that kindergarten classroom quality:
A)has no effect on standardized test scores.
B)affects adult wage earnings.
C)has an effect on standardized-test scores well into high school.
D)is not affected by size of class.
20
As identified in "$320,000 Kindergarten Teachers," the difficulty that plagues most empirical studies is:
A)how to study educational practices without influencing them.
B)keeping up with changing methodologies.
C)how to separate causation from correlation.
D)finding educators willing to be observed.
21
As pointed out in "$320,000 Kindergarten Teachers," kindergarten test scores are not good at predicting later educational outcomes.
A)True
B)False
22
According to "Are We Paving Paradise?", the evolution of kindergarten has moved from a focus on children to a focus on:
A)schools.
B)behavior.
C)proficiency.
D)outcomes.
23
As discussed in "Are We Paving Paradise?", Wendy Anderson's class is the only one in her school that:
A)does art work.
B)goes out for morning recess.
C)goes on field trips.
D)does not assess progress.
24
As pointed out in "Are We Paving Paradise?", research has shown that if students do not read at grade level by grade three, they will never catch up.
A)True
B)False
25
As noted in "Take Charge of Your Personal and Professional Development," the factor that fosters the academic, language, and social competencies of children in pre-K is:
A)a well-educated teacher.
B)pleasant environment.
C)support staff.
D)high-quality interaction between teachers and students.
26
As reported in "Take Charge of Your Personal and Professional Development," core values and specific features of early childhood include:
A)original and specific research.
B)no specialized knowledge.
C)research-to-practice applications.
D)unique standards of particular setting.
27
As pointed out in "Take Charge of Your Personal and Professional Development," research suggests that there are no substantive differences in the way in which college-educated and non-college-educated teachers relate to children.
A)True
B)False
28
According to "Stopping Childhood Obesity Before It Begins," over the last 30 years, the number of obese children between the ages of 2 and 5:
A)is not known.
B)has remained about the same.
C)has increased.
D)has decreased.
29
As noted in "Stopping Childhood Obesity Before It Begins," standards of physical activity for preschool children include:
A)children should not be sedentary except when eating and sleeping.
B)30 minutes of continuous exercise should occur at least 4 times per day.
C)only structured activities should be considered as physical activity.
D)children should accumulate 2 hours of exercise per day.
30
As pointed out in "Stopping Childhood Obesity Before It Begins," overweight children miss more school than their normal weight peers.
A)True
B)False
31
As reported in "The Impact of Teachers and Families on Young Children's Eating Behaviors," during mealtimes, caregivers should:
A)discourage talking about food.
B)eat and drink the same things the children do.
C)encourage quiet time while children eat.
D)avoid family-style dining in school settings.
32
As noted in "The Impact of Teachers and Families on Young Children's Eating Behaviors," research on restricting access to foods for young children found that restricting a desired snack food:
A)increased children's consumption of that food when it was offered with other foods.
B)had a long-term effect of reducing consumption of that food.
C)led to overconsumption of other foods.
D)had no long-term effect on consumption patterns.
33
As stated in "The Impact of Teachers and Families on Young Children's Eating Behaviors," research suggests that if a child does not accept a new food within the first five times it is offered, he or she never will.
A)True
B)False
34
As reported in "The Power of Birth Order," the children most likely to be high achievers are:
A)only children.
B)the youngest.
C)the middle.
D)the first-born.
35
As described in "The Power of Birth Order," one characteristic of middle children is:
A)lack of flexibility.
B)quick to take responsibility.
C)less tethered to their families.
D)intense fear of failure.
36
As pointed out in "The Power of Birth Order," the birth order of twins has no effect on the way they relate to one another.
A)True
B)False
37
As related in "Teachers Connecting with Families? In the Best Interest of Children," the greatest benefit to children of a successful home-school partnership is:
A)greater teacher accountability.
B)parents more willing to deal with behavioral issues.
C)improved school security.
D)children more motivated to succeed.
38
As pointed out in "Teachers Connecting with Families? In the Best Interest of Children," parents hesitate to get involved in school most of all because they:
A)do not want to be judged for their children's problems.
B)distrust teachers.
C)are uncomfortable in institutional settings.
D)do not have time.
39
According to "Teachers Connecting with Families? In the Best Interest of Children," teachers should avoid making their own personalities and private lives part of their conversation with parents.
A)True
B)False
40
As noted in "Creating a Welcoming Classroom for Homeless Students," homeless children are more likely than others to:
A)carry school transcripts with them.
B)complete their homework.
C)lack materials and supplies.
D)make friends quickly.
41
As explained in "Creating a Welcoming Classroom for Homeless Students," the definition of a homeless person includes all of the following except one who:
A)is in a joint-custody situation.
B)has no fixed residence.
C)does not have a regular night-time residence.
D)lives with other families.
42
As reported in "Creating a Welcoming Classroom for Homeless Students," funds for mandates required by the McKinney-Vento law are provided by the U.S. Department of Education.
A)True
B)False
43
As discussed in "Keys to Quality Infant Care," McMullen and colleagues observed that:
A)positive social-emotional interactions are universal in infant rooms.
B)teachers who show deeply respectful caregiving see internalization of friendly interactions in children.
C)small children are incapable of empathy.
D)teacher behavior bears little connection to children's interactions.
44
As noted in "Keys to Quality Infant Care," give-and-take games teach babies:
A)good manners.
B)time passage.
C)how to grasp things.
D)how to take turns.
45
As stated in "Keys to Quality Infant Care," babies prefer low-pitched voices.
A)True
B)False
46
As explained in "Gaga for Gadgets," what makes a computer program, an app, or a television show educational is:
A)using it with supervision.
B)quality of visual presentation.
C)pace.
D)content.
47
As reported in "Gaga for Gadgets," the Kaiser Family Foundation research found that:
A)parents do not know how much time their children spend in front of a screen.
B)screen time has remained constant over the last decade.
C)screen time for children has increased.
D)screen time for children has decreased.
48
As noted in "Gaga for Gadgets," the majority of 8- to 18-year olds surveyed said their parents set limits on their video usage.
A)True
B)False
49
As reported in "Teach Up for Excellence," a teacher with a growth mindset operates on the principle that the greatest determinant of success is:
A)aptitude.
B)effort.
C)creativity.
D)intention.
50
As noted in "Teach Up for Excellence," the Platinum Rule in teaching up is:
A)go with what works.
B)treat people as if they are what they can be.
C)treat people according to what they do.
D)treat people as they want to be treated.
51
As stated in "Teach Up for Excellence," sorting by what teachers see as student abilities is the twenty-first century version of school segregation.
A)True
B)False
52
As reported in "The Wonder Years," factors that determine the quality of early childcare include all of the following except:
A)group size.
B)adult responsiveness.
C)home setting.
D)continuity.
53
As noted in "The Wonder Years," children who do not have a warm, responsive relationship with a caregiver are at higher risk of:
A)lack of emotions.
B)conformity to inadequate standards.
C)egotism.
D)cognitive and language delays.
54
As stated in "The Wonder Years," children represent a disproportionate percentage of the nation's poor.
A)True
B)False
55
According to "Individualizing Instruction in Preschool Classrooms," the key to support learning is to:
A)assume a need for maximum support.
B)assume a need for minimal support.
C)increase support incrementally.
D)determine what intensity of support would be most helpful.
56
As stated in "Individualizing Instruction in Preschool Classrooms," an event or activity is considered instructive if:
A)a child learns something from it.
B)information is exchanged.
C)it is done intentionally to support learning.
D)communication within it is structured.
57
As pointed out in "Individualizing Instruction in Preschool Classrooms," children with disabilities may not exhibit the same kinds of behaviors as their typically developing peers.
A)True
B)False
58
As presented in "The Why Behind RTI," the underlying premise of Response to Intervention (RTI) is that schools should
A)focus on standardized testing for all students in an attempt to improve scores across the board.
B)funnel students into a special-education curriculum as soon as learning difficulties are detected.
C)wait until students fall far enough behind to qualify for special education before implementing any interventions.
D)provide targeted and systematic interventions to all students as soon as they demonstrate the need.
59
As argued in "The Why Behind RTI," following pacing guides for each course ensures that
A)teachers will teach all the required material before the state assessments.
B)students will learn all the required material before the state assessments.
C)each student will have an individualized learning experience.
D)students with special needs will not be left behind.
60
As noted in "The Why Behind RTI," it is estimated that up to 50 percent of the U.S. prison population consists of individuals who were once identified as students with special needs.
A)True
B)False
61
As noted in "Assessing Young Children's Learning and Development," in the early-childhood context, assessment:
A)is synonymous with testing.
B)is happening most of the time.
C)is antithetical to good practice.
D)must be rare but rigorous.
62
As pointed out in "Assessing Young Children's Learning and Development," the assessment process must be grounded in:
A)a desire for accountability.
B)need for discovering areas where improvement is desirable.
C)agreed-upon standards and expectations.
D)a belief that no child is unsuccessful.
63
As stated in "Assessing Young Children's Learning and Development," all of the states have preschool early-learning standards.
A)True
B)False
64
As identified in "Assessing and Scaffolding Make-Believe Play," among the things teachers do to scaffold make-believe play is to:
A)assign roles to children.
B)provide realistic props.
C)set behavior rules for various roles.
D)provide models for role speech.
65
As reported in "Assessing and Scaffolding Make-Believe Play," at the third level of play in the ProPELS scheme:
A)the rules of roles cannot be violated.
B)roles are planned prior to play.
C)scenarios last at least an hour.
D)props are all imaginary.
66
As observed in "Assessing and Scaffolding Make-Believe Play," children with emotional disorders do not benefit from play interventions.
A)True
B)False
67
As reported in "Using Toys to Support Infant-Toddler Learning and Development," the cognitive skill being taught in peek-a-boo and other games involving hiding objects is:
A)cause and effect.
B)object permanence.
C)naming.
D)classification.
68
As noted in "Using Toys to Support Infant-Toddler Learning and Development," puppets are developmentally appropriate toys at age:
A)six months.
B)nine months.
C)one year.
D)two years.
69
As stated in "Using Toys to Support Infant-Toddler Learning and Development," homemade toys do not capture a child's imagination as much as those professionally crafted.
A)True
B)False
70
As noted in "Helping Children Learn and Play Together," children with low acceptance by peers in the early years are more likely than others to:
A)graduate on time.
B)develop mental-health problems.
C)develop resilience.
D)concentrate on academics.
71
As reported in "Helping Children Learn and Play Together," Fox and colleagues' framework for social development:
A)pertains only to school environments.
B)is shaped like a cube.
C)focuses on promotion and prevention.
D)focuses heavily on intensive individualized interventions.
72
As pointed out in "Helping Children Learn and Play Together," shy children should be grouped together so they will be comfortable sharing opinions.
A)True
B)False
73
According to "Rough Play: One of the Most Challenging Behaviors," teacher and parents tend to prohibit rough play because:
A)it is dangerous.
B)violence cannot be tolerated.
C)they mistake it for real fighting.
D)it is loud.
74
As reported in "Rough Play: One of the Most Challenging Behaviors," characteristics of rough and tumble play include all of the following except that it is:
A)adaptive.
B)evolutionarily useful.
C)only beneficial for boys.
D)linked to normal brain development.
75
As pointed out in "Rough Play: One of the Most Challenging Behaviors," big-body play should never be tolerated indoors.
A)True
B)False
76
As defined in "Play and Social Interaction in Middle Childhood," play is:
A)not necessary for a child's social development.
B)usually done under the direction of an adult.
C)only useful to young children in their social development.
D)an activity that is voluntary and self-organized by children.
77
As explained in "Play and Social Interaction in Middle Childhood," pretense play is especially useful because:
A)children use their imaginations to foresee and practice aspects of daily living, making them less onerous in adulthood.
B)it is good for children to become pretentious adults.
C)this type of play helps to develop hand/eye coordination.
D)it involves technology-enhanced play materials.
78
As recounted in "Play and Social Interaction in Middle Childhood," middle-childhood play involves a great deal of humor.
A)True
B)False
79
As discussed in "Knowing is Not Understanding," the appeal of most published curricular activities for young children is the:
A)impressive academic credentials of those who create them.
B)scientific research done to support them.
C)desire of families who want to give their child a head start.
D)impressive long-term educational benefits that result from using them.
80
As reported in "Knowing is Not Understanding," the simple sentence that Piaget used when heated arguments broke out at his workshops was:
A)"Time will tell."
B)"Come, let us reason together."
C)"I can explain it differently."
D)"There must have been a misunderstanding."
81
As noted in "Knowing is Not Understanding," research has consistently proven that phonics is best taught at age three or four.
A)True
B)False
82
According to "Kindergarten Dilemma: Hold Kids Back to Get Ahead?", the demographics of redshirting include that:
A)low-income families are more likely to redshirt children than high-income families.
B)girls are more likely to be redshirted than boys.
C)boys are more likely to be redshirted than girls.
D)minorities are more likely to be redshirted than whites.
83
As related in "Kindergarten Dilemma: Hold Kids Back to Get Ahead?", the study reported in the journal Economics of Education Review:
A)involved children from around the world.
B)found the oldest children in every class the most likely to go to college.
C)suggested serious economic benefits from redshirting.
D)found that age at kindergarten entry had no effect on wages later in life.
84
As observed in "Kindergarten Dilemma: Hold Kids Back to Get Ahead?", minority parents are more concerned than white parents about their children's readiness for kindergarten.
A)True
B)False
85
As presented in Developmentally Appropriate Practice in the Age of Testing, a study found that most of the time in over 200 New York City and Los Angeles kindergartens was spent:
A)practicing artistic skills.
B)as free play time or recess.
C)practicing literacy and math skills.
D)practicing handwriting drills.
86
As related in Developmentally Appropriate Practice in the Age of Testing, a study of 1,500 children from 10 countries found that children's language skills were significantly improved if:
A)teachers allowed students to choose their activities rather than be given didactic lessons.
B)the main focus of literacy classes focused on grammar and spelling.
C)children were allowed to bring their own books to school.
D)their teachers held at least a Masters' degree in early childhood education.
87
As mentioned in Developmentally Appropriate Practice in the Age of Testing, young children acquire most of their learning through play.
A)True
B)False
88
In discussing the reasons for using virtual field trips, the author of "Making and Taking Virtual Field Trips in Pre-K and the Primary Grades," notes that:
A)they should not attempt to duplicate visuals from an actual field trip.
B)preparation need not be extensive.
C)they put children in a comfortable venue.
D)they can align with state and national technology goals.
89
As reported in "Making and Taking Virtual Field Trips in Pre-K and the Primary Grades," among the benefits of virtual field trips are that:
A)children can experience them alone.
B)they require no skills to navigate.
C)they can be adjusted for children with learning needs.
D)they require no further materials.
90
As pointed out in "Making and Taking Virtual Field Trips in Pre-K and the Primary Grades," virtual field trips allow children to explore locations to which they could otherwise not go.
A)True
B)False
91
As reported in "Repeating Views on Grade Retention," most students are retained in grade because of:
A)disciplinary actions.
B)socio-emotional or academic reasons.
C)absenteeism.
D)lack of resources for other remediation.
92
As pointed out in "Repeating Views on Grade Retention," the age graded system of schools was introduced in the United States by:
A)George McGuffy.
B)Horace Mann.
C)John Dewey.
D)Maria Montessori.
93
As stated in "Repeating Views on Grade Retention," children who are retained in a grade have a higher incidence of drop-out.
A)True
B)False
94
As reported in "When School Lunch Doesn't Make the Grade," in the current school environment, concerns about school lunches include that:
A)they do not contain sufficient calories to maintain energy levels.
B)most of the foods served are things children will not eat.
C)there is too much sodium in school food.
D)the quality of food has deteriorated in the last decade.
95
As pointed out in "When School Lunch Doesn't Make the Grade," the worst food in the school cafeteria is what is:
A)served through the National School Lunch Program.
B)brought from home.
C)served to students who pay full price.
D)sold a la carte.
96
As noted in "When School Lunch Doesn't Make the Grade," schools raise a large amount of revenue through the sale of junk food.
A)True
B)False
97
As reported in "5 Hallmarks of Good Homework," a homework assignment is not a good one if:
A)it does not teach the student something.
B)it involves a lot of writing.
C)the student completes it quickly.
D)the student must have parent help to complete it.
98
As noted in "5 Hallmarks of Good Homework," the quality of a homework assignment:
A)has nothing to do with its appearance.
B)is impacted by how inviting it looks.
C)is related to how much fun it is to do.
D)may be reduced by requiring students to make choices.
99
As pointed out in "5 Hallmarks of Good Homework," there should be no time limit on how long a homework assignment takes to complete.
A)True
B)False
100
According to "Supporting Children's Learning While Meeting State Standards," the signature responsibility that defines teaching as a profession is:
A)setting standards for assessment of student progress.
B)establishing a learning environment.
C)making intentional decisions about curriculum and instruction.
D)deciding what students are capable of.
101
As reported in "Supporting Children's Learning While Meeting State Standards," when teachers are expected to teach mandated curriculum using district-adopted textbooks:
A)they are told to use only those materials.
B)supplementation with additional materials can be beneficial.
C)cherry picking particular activities is not allowed.
D)all activities must be completed by students.
102
As noted in "Supporting Children's Learning While Meeting State Standards," teachers should treat all children like gifted children.
A)True
B)False
103
As reported in "Helping Young Boys Be Successful Learners in Today's Early Childhood Classrooms," many programs have veered away from a play-centered curriculum because of:
A)a lack of understanding of research on the importance of play.
B)a quest to promote academic achievement.
C)concerns about safety and liability.
D)increasing percentage of children lacking social skills.
104
As identified in "Helping Young Boys Be Successful Learners in Today's Early Childhood Classrooms," the factor that James Comer maintains as contributing more to dysfunctional and underperforming schools than anything else is lack of:
A)adequate funding for staff and materials.
B)good quality teacher education and preparation.
C)effective home-school cooperation.
D)focus on child development.
105
As pointed out in "Helping Young Boys Be Successful Learners in Today's Early Childhood Classrooms," depriving boys of dramatic play time limits their literacy development.
A)True
B)False
106
As recounted in "Developmentally Appropriate Child Guidance," the purpose of discipline in the classroom should be:
A)to punish a child for bad behavior.
B)to mold children into good citizens.
C)as harsh as possible to prevent future bad behavior.
D)to help children learn to be cooperative and accept responsibility for their actions.
107
As related in "Developmentally Appropriate Child Guidance," using praise as a motivator is not as effective in a child's social development as:
A)recognition and encouragement.
B)corporal punishment.
C)imposing penalties for bad behavior, such as a "time-out" period.
D)shunning by his peers.
108
As noted in "Developmentally Appropriate Child Guidance," when a child is disciplined it is important to make clear that the child's behavior is bad, not the child him/herself.
A)True
B)False
109
As reported in "Want to Get Your Kids into College? Let Them Play," one of the best predictors of school success is the ability to:
A)use time productively.
B)memorize lists.
C)be friendly.
D)control impulses.
110
As pointed out in "Want to Get Your Kids into College? Let Them Play," the beauty of a play-based curriculum is that:
A)young children benefit most from structure.
B)social isolation prompts meaningful content acquisition.
C)happy children cause fewer classroom-management issues.
D)young children observe and learn from others' emotions and experiences.
111
As stated in "Want to Get Your Kids into College? Let Them Play," there has not yet been any research showing an association between dramatic play and self-regulation.
A)True
B)False
112
According to "From STEM to STEAM," Fred Rogers was able to build his television series around simple childhood activities because he:
A)made simple things amusing.
B)knew the science behind the simple.
C)was able to look and listen carefully to children's interests.
D)had experience as an early-childhood educator.
113
In the illustration given in "From STEM to STEAM," the "Ask-It-Basket" is a container for:
A)questions for review.
B)questions that have no answers.
C)questions the teacher cannot yet answer.
D)suggestions for improvement.
114
As pointed out in "From STEM to STEAM," the United States leads the world in scientific innovation.
A)True
B)False
115
According to "Supporting the Scientific Thinking and Inquiry of Toddlers and Preschoolers Through Play," the process of scientific inquiry requires children to:
A)participate in a cyclical process.
B)draw on inspiration.
C)follow directions.
D)know basic concepts.
116
As reported in "Supporting the Scientific Thinking and Inquiry of Toddlers and Preschoolers Through Play," Albert Einstein contended that the whole of science is nothing more than:
A)meeting new frontiers.
B)finding undiscovered answers.
C)a refinement of every-day thinking.
D)a continual search.
117
As noted in "Supporting the Scientific Thinking and Inquiry of Toddlers and Preschoolers Through Play," when children can communicate their ideas and hear other perspectives, they are better able to formulate patterns.
A)True
B)False
118
As reported in "Every Child, Every Day," research indicates that when children are allowed to choose what they read, they:
A)read less.
B)do not comprehend as much content.
C)are more likely to continue reading.
D)lose focus.
119
As noted in "Every Child, Every Day," research indicates that literacy conversations:
A)should focus on recalling or retelling what students read.
B)improve comprehension and engagement with texts.
C)do not benefit struggling readers.
D)should be an occasional rather than a regular practice.
120
As stated in "Every Child, Every Day," traditional instructional practices widen the gap between struggling and proficient readers.
A)True
B)False
121
Conclusions reached about physical activity and learning in "Why We Should Not Cut P.E." include all of the following except that:
A)boys benefit from physical education more than girls.
B)increasing the number of minutes students spend in physical education will not impede their academic achievement.
C)regular physical activity is associated with higher levels of academic performance.
D)physical activity is beneficial to general cognitive functioning.
122
As reported in "Why We Should Not Cut P.E.," reviewing the research on the relationship between physical education and academic performance finds that:
A)research has concentrated on the high-school level.
B)studies often lack ecological validity.
C)most studies have concentrated on students at risk for obesity.
D)the key variable in most of the studies has been the quality of the physical education.
123
As pointed out in "Why We Should Not Cut P.E.," physically fit youth are more likely to have better grades and test scores than inactive students.
A)True
B)False
124
According to "Developing Fine Motor Skills," writing progress depends largely on the development of:
A)hand-eye coordination.
B)grip strength.
C)whole-arm strength.
D)fine-motor skills in the hand.
125
As reported in "Developing Fine Motor Skills," squeezing a sponge to move water from one place to another is an exercise for:
A)whole-hand development.
B)pincher strength.
C)pincer strength.
D)whole-arm development.
126
As stated in "Developing Fine Motor Skills," with development of pincher control, the thumb, index, and middle fingers act as a tripod supporting the writing instrument.
A)True
B)False







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