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Practice Quiz
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1
Students in rural and urban areas, as described in “Where Have All the Strong Poets Gone?”, are too often subjected to a school curriculum that resembles a:
A)boot camp.
B)factory assembly line.
C)fast-food menu.
D)exercise video.
2
As put forth in “Where Have All the Strong Poets Gone?”, suburban parents, who have the political and economic power to call attention to the poor conditions of urban schools, generally remain silent because they:
A)are unaware of the extent of the problem.
B)do not know who to appeal to.
C)do not have the necessary time and energy.
D)already have the schools they want and do not want to share their funding.
3
State and national policy makers, as explained in “Where Have All the Strong Poets Gone?”, have adopted a vocabulary and an ideology designed to mask the gross inequalities in U.S. public schools.
A)True
B)False
4
In describing the Shiocton School District, the author of “Proficiency for All?” notes that it:
A)receives federal funding for a large portion of its budget.
B)receives more state aid than other districts in the area.
C)was performing in the bottom half of the state when it instituted changes.
D)is located within the inner city of Green Bay.
5
As pointed out in “Proficiency for All?”, the Measures of Academic Progress assessment:
A)was developed by the federal Department of Education.
B)is administered to students once per year every other year.
C)is a computerized adaptive assessment.
D)is of most value at the district level.
6
As stated in “Proficiency for All?”, the fatal flaw of the No Child Left Behind law is that it encourages teachers to teach to the test.
A)True
B)False
7
For decades, as described in “Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice,” U.S. public schools have been beset by reform efforts comprised of a blend of all the following influences EXCEPT:
A)empirical research studies.
B)politically formulated mandates.
C)locally derived best-practice initiatives.
D)business-oriented programs and policies.
8
The narrow focus of much academic education research, as maintained in “Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice,” can result in practitioners:
A)becoming suspicious of the researchers’ motives.
B)overlooking subtle results observed in the research.
C)feeling disappointed that the results cannot be implemented quickly.
D)dismissing the research as superfluous.
9
Over the past decades of reform initiatives, as pointed out in “Bridging the Gap Between Research and Practice,” the fundamental tenets of effective educational practice have changed dramatically.
A)True
B)False
10
According to “Learning to Love Assessment,” the shift away from stress on filling a grade book came with a shift to thinking of assessment as a:
A)way of guiding students.
B)learning process in and of itself.
C)path to rewards.
D)way of judging students.
11
As stated in “Learning to Love Assessment,” the correct correlation between curriculum and assessment is:
A)assessment should dictate curriculum.
B)curriculum should dictate assessment.
C)curriculum and assessment should remain independent.
D)assessment should be part of curriculum design.
12
As reported in “Learning to Love Assessment,” the author had a lifelong desire to be a teacher
A)True
B)False
13
As stated in “The Case For and Against Homework,” perhaps the most important advantage of homework is that it:
A)keeps students occupied after regular school hours.
B)is much less expensive than formal after-school programs.
C)can enhance achievement by extending learning beyond the school day.
D)involves parents with their children’s schoolwork.
14
As summarized in “The Case For and Against Homework,” opponents of homework use all of the following arguments to support their position except that homework:
A)contributes to a corporate-style, competitive U.S. culture.
B)is illegal because it takes place outside of school.
C)harms economically disadvantaged students whose environments make studying at home almost impossible.
D)in excess harms students’ health and family time.
15
As presented in “The Case For and Against Homework,” U.S. students spend much more time studying core academic subjects than students in Japan, Germany, and France.
A)True
B)False
16
Applied skills, as maintained in “Assessing Applied Skills,” are often neglected in public-school education because they:
A)require extensive time to develop.
B)cannot be assessed through standardized tests.
C)are considered skills that students will develop naturally, on their own.
D)cannot be taught through strictly formatted course work.
17
The Carnegie Foundation, as reported in “Assessing Applied Skills,” issued a report a number of years ago declaring that the Carnegie unit was:
A)still the best means of assessing student progress.
B)ineffectually applied in most educational settings.
C)in need of updating.
D)obsolete in today’s world.
18
The Carnegie unit, as noted in “Assessing Applied Skills,” has performed very well in meeting its single aim of standardizing curriculum credit.
A)True
B)False
19
As reported in “From the Mouths of Middle Schoolers,” the majority of middle schoolers polled:
A)did not feel prepared for high school.
B)did not plan to go to college.
C)felt that they would graduate from high school.
D)felt that they had a great deal of information about choosing high-school courses.
20
As noted in “From the Mouths of Middle Schoolers,” topic areas for the poll included all of the following except:
A)parents’ roles.
B)No Child Left Behind.
C)testing.
D)current school experiences.
21
As stated in “From the Mouths of Middle Schoolers,” the ninth grade represents a particularly weak link in the chain of schooling.
A)True
B)False
22
According to “Industrial Arts,” the essential test of whether or not a course of study is Career-Technical Education is found in:
A)the credentials of the person teaching it.
B)the use of actual technology in course teaching.
C)whether or not the course provides entry-level preparation for an essentially technical career that does not require a degree.
D)how the course is perceived by students.
23
As reported in “Industrial Arts,” the beauty of teaching computer-assisted design is that it:
A)encourages students to apply all their knowledge in new ways.
B)fits into an academic track of student learning.
C)satisfies modern calls for technology proficiency.
D)does not stress skills training.
24
As noted in “Industrial Arts,” the United States lacks adequate numbers of appropriately skilled workers to support high standards in personal or professional services.
A)True
B)False
25
According to “High Schools Got It Bad for Higher Ed--and That Ain’t Good,” the damaging influence of colleges and universities on American education:
A)is associated with the decline in the quality of education they provide.
B)is due to the hyper-academic nature of college entrance requirements.
C)begins on the middle school level.
D)relates to the destructive changes that have been made in teacher-education curricula.
26
As reported in “High Schools Got It Bad for Higher Ed--and That Ain’t Good,” characteristics of high quality, advanced high school classes around the country include stress on:
A)fluent speaking of a foreign language.
B)little use of specific textbooks.
C)memorization of large bodies of knowledge.
D)experimentation.
27
As noted in “High Schools Got It Bad for Higher Ed--and That Ain’t Good,” the content of what is taught in college classes is largely determined by university administrators.
A)True
B)False
28
According to “All Our Students Thinking,” the present system of courses in high school in the United States:
A)separates students into thinking or non-thinking classes based on ability.
B)forces almost all students into academic courses.
C)stresses vocational and technology careers.
D)has led to a shortage of engineers and scientists.
29
As reported in “All Our Students Thinking,” John Dewey contended that:
A)some subjects are inherently intellectual.
B)abstract concepts are taught in order to create capacity for thinking.
C)physical activity does not require thinking.
D)any subject can be intellectual in its function.
30
As stated in “All Our Students Thinking,” there can be intellectual worth in topics such as homemaking and parenting.
A)True
B)False
31
In discussing the demographic landscape of American education, the author of “As Diversity Grows, So Must We” notes that:
A)inequities in schools are a function of discrimination.
B)in the majority of schools, racial percentages of teachers mirror those of students.
C)white teachers generally have no cultural connections of their own.
D)many white educators do not have background experiences to prepare them for growing student diversity.
32
As reported in “As Diversity Grows, So Must We,” an essential outcome of the initial conversation in the Apple Valley School District was:
A)the declaration of a color-blind educational approach.
B)recognition that racial differences make a difference in educational outcomes.
C)confirmation that a minority of teachers needed improvement.
D)the belief that political correctness establishes a constructive environment for discussion.
33
As pointed out in “As Diversity Grows, So Must We,” diversity-enhanced school districts must establish clear public markers that unambiguously state what they believe.
A)True
B)False
34
According to “African American Parents,” the only way educators can increase parental involvement is to:
A)make participation as pleasant as possible.
B)make participation mandatory.
C)proactively engage and communicate with parents.
D)communicate through children.
35
As stated in “African American Parents,” lack of participation in school by African American parents is seen as leading to all except:
A)high drop-out rate.
B)low rate of placement in special-education programs.
C)high rate of student suspension.
D)high rate of student suspension.
36
As pointed out in “African American Parents,” educators tend to view low parental participation in school as a lack of interest in a child’s education.
A)True
B)False
37
As suggested in “The Myth of the ‘Culture of Poverty’,” perhaps the greatest myth of all is the one that dubs education the:
A)great equalizer.
B)last best hope.
C)path of the privileged.
D)key to success.
38
As noted in “The Myth of the ‘Culture of Poverty’,” deficit theory establishes the idea of a segment of society that simply has not earned a fair shake, or what H. J. Gans calls the:
A)lazers and grazers.
B)undeserving poor.
C)forgotten families.
D)neglected neighbors.
39
According to “The Myth of the ‘Culture of Poverty’,” the Economic Policy Institute reported in 2002 that poor working adults spend more hours working each week than their wealthier counterparts.
A)True
B)False
40
According to “Becoming Adept at Code Switching,” research indicates that:
A)traditional corrective methods improve students’ standard English skills.
B)negative teacher attitudes about dialects correlate to lower teacher expectations of students speaking those dialects.
C)teacher attitudes about dialects have no correlation to high-school graduation rates.
D)there is no correlation between teachers’ attitudes about dialect and student achievement.
41
As related in “Becoming Adept at Code Switching,” in the story of Tamisha, the teacher Joni found that the previous teacher:
A)believed the child too stubborn to learn.
B)considered Tamisha as an English as second language learner.
C)tried everything she knew to teach Tamisha to read.
D)made no real effort to teach Tamisha to read.
42
As stated in “Becoming Adept at Code Switching,” in standardized assessments of language acquisition, teachers routinely underrate the performance of African American students.
A)True
B)False
43
As reported in “Overcoming Lethargy in Gifted and Talented Education with Contract Activity Packages,” research has shown that gifted students:
A)find reviewing previously mastered concepts beneficial.
B)perceive ideas and concepts at less abstract levels than others do.
C)learn new material in less time than others.
D)are not able to attend to many activities at the same time.
44
As noted in “Overcoming Lethargy in Gifted and Talented Education with Contract Activity Packages,” the New York law regarding gifted students:
A)does not include students with talents in visual or performing arts.
B)does not require any education beyond the regular program.
C)does not define what a gifted student is.
D)defines gifted students based on performance, capability, and potential.
45
As stated in “Overcoming Lethargy in Gifted and Talented Education with Contract Activity Packages,” high-achieving students are the most neglected population in any school setting.
A)True
B)False
46
As noted in “Mother Goose Teaches on the Wild Side,” the cornerstone of the author’s multicultural curriculum was:
A)English as Second Language.
B)Science.
C)Reading.
D)Social Studies.
47
As reported in “Mother Goose Teaches on the Wild Side,” the book that generated the most lively discussion regarding teen behavior was:
A)The Maldonado Miracle.
B)Parrot in the Oven.
C)On My Honor.
D)That Was Then, This Is Now.
48
As stated in “Mother Goose Teaches on the Wild Side,” the majority of the students in the author’s class on any given day were male.
A)True
B)False
49
As reported in “Celebrating Diversity through Explorations of Arab Children’s Literature,” in reviewing the demographics, the author finds that:
A)Iranians are the largest Arab group in the Middle East.
B)Arabs possess semitic roots.
C)most Muslims live in the Middle East.
D)all Arabs are Muslims.
50
As pointed out in “Celebrating Diversity through Explorations of Arab Children’s Literature,” the predominant theme in Sitti and the Cats: A Tale of Friendship is:
A)the survival of tradition.
B)equality of all people.
C)thinking of one’s responsibility to the group before one’s self.
D)behaving with courage in all situations.
51
As stated in “Celebrating Diversity through Explorations of Arab Children’s Literature,” the majority of Arab countries place no restrictions on freedom of worship.
A)True
B)False
52
According to “Books That Portray Characters with Disabilities,” the most prestigious award in children’s literature is the:
A)Dolly Gray Award.
B)Schneider Family Book Awards.
C)Caldecott Medal.
D)Newberry Medal.
53
As reported in “Books That Portray Characters with Disabilities,” the oldest book in the recommended books list is:
A)Rules by Cynthia Lord.
B)Life Magic by Melrose Cooper.
C)Crow Boy by Taro Yashima.
D)Kissing Doorknobs by Terry Spencer Hesser.
54
As noted in “Books That Portray Characters with Disabilities,” the Dolly Gray Award is given only to picture books.
A)True
B)False
55
As reported in “Reluctant Teachers, Reluctant Learners,” the most important way to keep students in school is to:
A)relate lessons to everyday life.
B)maintain an exciting classroom.
C)create opportunities for students to determine what goes on in the classroom.
D)challenge all students to reach beyond their current situations.
56
As noted in “Reluctant Teachers, Reluctant Learners,” factors that make teaching more stressful than fulfilling include all of the following except:
A)standardized testing.
B)at-risk students.
C)mandated curriculum.
D)school bureaucracy.
57
As stated in “Reluctant Teachers, Reluctant Learners,” schools that serve low-income urban areas have lower teacher-retention rates.
A)True
B)False
58
According to “Musing: A Way to Inform and Inspire Pedagogy through Self-Reflection,” John Dewey’s basic assumption was that:
A)the past is dead and fruitless.
B)learning improves when natural, spontaneous inclinations drive decisions.
C)learning improves according to the degree of effort that comes out of the reflective process.
D)communication is the most basic mode of reflection.
59
As pointed out in “Musing: A Way to Inform and Inspire Pedagogy through Self-Reflection,” the proper noun Muse stems from:
A)Norse religion.
B)Aristotelian logic.
C)the Old Testament.
D)Greek mythology.
60
As stated in “Musing: A Way to Inform and Inspire Pedagogy through Self-Reflection,” the nature of the stimulus or directive initially provided plays a part in determining the extent to which one reaches the contemplative level of reflection.
A)True
B)False
61
The author of “Why Teacher Networks (Can) Work,” explains that she was particularly struck while reading that teachers are allowed time to discuss their practice and plan lessons with colleagues during the school day in:
A)Canada.
B)Japan.
C)France.
D)Sweden.
62
The accepted model of “communities of practice,” as set forth in “Why Teacher Networks (Can) Work,” includes all of the following components EXCEPT:
A)history.
B)community.
C)identity.
D)meaning.
63
Successful networks, those that engage and sustain teachers’ interest and commitment, as pointed out in “Why Teacher Networks (Can) Work,” are those that are able to maintain careful distinctions between personal and professional considerations for participants.
A)True
B)False
64
As reported in “Response to Intervention (RTI),” criticisms of the discrepancy model include that:
A)it identifies discrepancies that are too small to be significant.
B)it takes too many learning factors into account to be meaningful.
C)establishing a discrepancy is not necessary to improve outcomes for struggling readers.
D)it leads to plummeting numbers of students identified as learning disabled.
65
As noted in “Response to Intervention (RTI),” the goal of literacy screenings is to:
A)identify students whose academic performance is out of step with potential.
B)challenge students to improve academic performance.
C)identify schools whose literacy instruction is not meeting desired goals.
D)select learners whose reading achievement is significantly below standards.
66
As pointed out in “Response to Intervention (RTI),” the majority of students identified for special education struggle with literacy.
A)True
B)False
67
As reported in “You Should Read This Book!”, all of the following were results of the author’s program except:
A)increase in students’ motivation to read.
B)students less likely to finish books.
C)students read more at home.
D)students embraced more variety in their reading selections.
68
As stated in “You Should Read This Book!”, the parents that the author surveyed:
A)enforced quiet reading time at home.
B)wanted their children to read more.
C)thought their children read too much.
D)did not understand the importance of reading.
69
As pointed out in “You Should Read This Book!”, the survey of students regarding reading at the beginning of her program found that the boys were especially fond of reading.
A)True
B)False
70
The authors of “Getting Children In2Books” contend that declines in comprehension and critical thinking:
A)are related to deterioration in quality reading time.
B)have resulted from lack of emphasis on word recognition.
C)cannot be quantified in any meaningful way.
D)are related to inattention to literacy instruction in higher grades.
71
As reported in “Getting Children In2Books,” the books used in the program:
A)are all non-fiction.
B)become the students’ to keep.
C)are selected by the classroom teacher.
D)must be suitable for all readers.
72
As noted in “Getting Children In2Books,” the In2Books program is designed to motivate students to read by rewarding them for doing so.
A)True
B)False
73
As reported in “Using Literature Circles with English Language Learners at the Middle Level,” the job of the word warrior in a literature circle is to:
A)prepare discussion questions in advance.
B)keep a list of unusual or unfamiliar words from the book.
C)monitor student conversation for purposes of translation.
D)find interesting phrases for discussion.
74
In describing the demographics of American classrooms, the authors of “Using Literature Circles with English Language Learners at the Middle Level” note that:
A)the majority of Limited English Proficient students are currently in middle and high school grades.
B)total school enrollment is increasing at a faster rate than Limited English Proficient enrollment.
C)increasing numbers of students from Russia and Ukraine are attending American schools.
D)unprecedented changes are currently taking place.
75
As pointed out in “Using Literature Circles with English Language Learners at the Middle Level,” read alouds have been found to foster engagement and learning in social studies at the middle-school level.
A)True
B)False
76
According to “Losing the Fear of Sharing Control,” the author realized that her teaching was ineffective because it:
A)did not give students room to read independently.
B)failed to model her love for reading.
C)was based in her own experiences rather than those of her students.
D)assumed reading proficiency.
77
As reported in “Losing the Fear of Sharing Control,” the journey toward independence most effectively begins with:
A)assessment of reading proficiency.
B)shared readings.
C)unstructured reading time.
D)understanding of genre.
78
As noted in “Losing the Fear of Sharing Control,” selection is a significant factor in engaging adolescent readers in what they read.
A)True
B)False
79
According to “Nine Ways to Catch Kids Up,” a sure sign that a lesson has not been sufficiently scaffolded is:
A)students working silently.
B)students volunteering incorrect answers.
C)hands going up for help once an assignment is made.
D)mental computations taking the place of written computation.
80
As reported in “Nine Ways to Catch Kids Up,” the first step in the process of supporting students is:
A)modeling what students are expected to learn.
B)observing students’ attempts to work independently.
C)assigning group work.
D)assigning problems to pairs of students.
81
As noted in “Nine Ways to Catch Kids Up,” student interaction should be an integral part of instruction.
A)True
B)False
82
According to “The Classroom That Math Built,” Deborah Abbott’s goal is to:
A)encourage formation of curiosity.
B)promote critical thinking across all disciplines.
C)make the classroom a laboratory for observation.
D)lead students down the path so a specific set of solutions.
83
As identified in “The Classroom That Math Built,” the book Deborah introduced as a context for the problem-posing investigation was:
A)Numbers on the Street.
B)Shapes Around Town.
C)Counting in the Classroom.
D)The House That Math Built.
84
As pointed out in “The Classroom That Math Built,” Deborah assigned students with comparable skills to work together.
A)True
B)False
85
According to “Tackling a Problematic Behavior Management Issue,” tendencies often observed in those who perpetrate bullying behavior include:
A)lack of popularity with peers at all age levels.
B)high levels of empathy.
C)high need for dominance.
D)lack of aggressive instincts.
86
As noted in “Tackling a Problematic Behavior Management Issue,” the recommended first step in the timeline for dealing with bullying is:
A)parent-teacher collaboration.
B)improved instruction and curriculum.
C)constructive conversation with perpetrators and victims.
D)assessment.
87
As reported in “Tackling a Problematic Behavior Management Issue,” victims of bullying are unlikely to report bullying incidents, in part because they fear retribution.
A)True
B)False
88
As mentioned in “The Under-Appreciated Role of Humiliation in the Middle School,” in his book The World Is Flat, Thomas Friedman argues that people have under-appreciated the role that humiliation plays in:
A)terrorism.
B)male-female relationships.
C)sibling rivalry.
D)American schools.
89
As reported in “The Under-Appreciated Role of Humiliation in the Middle School,” the dread that some students have when they believe that the teacher who has humiliated them in front of others will humiliate them again is what Martin has termed:
A)hovering anxiety.
B)insular hatred.
C)the chain of fear.
D)anticipatory embarrassment.
90
As asserted in “The Under-Appreciated Role of Humiliation in the Middle School,” evidence shows that low-achieving students are more likely to associate with other negative-thinking students.
A)True
B)False
91
According to “The Power of Our Words,” all of the following are principles of the Responsive Classroom Approach except:
A)avoid using comparative language.
B)use a straightforward tone.
C)avoid periods of silence.
D)focus on concrete, positive behaviors.
92
As noted in “The Power of Our Words,” sarcasm:
A)is fortunately rare in classrooms.
B)diminishes students’ trust in the teacher.
C)is sometimes a gentle way to make a point.
D)provides needed comic relief.
93
As stated in “The Power of Our Words,” teacher language permeates every aspect of teaching.
A)True
B)False
94
As reported in “Marketing Civility,” research studies indicate that:
A)suicide is the leading cause of death among teens.
B)there is a correlation between perception of safety and asthma attacks.
C)there is no correlation between school climate and academic performance.
D)the majority of students do not feel safe at school.
95
As pointed out in “Marketing Civility,” regarding the ramifications of uncivil behavior, fewer than half of the students felt that:
A)verbal arguments have a negative impact on the school environment.
B)rumors contribute to a negative school environment.
C)most students who are teased feel hurt.
D)their own academic performance is affected by uncivil behavior.
96
As noted in “Marketing Civility,” the majority of students surveyed felt that teachers are unaware of conflicts between students.
A)True
B)False
97
In discussing the importance of praise, the authors of “Classwide Interventions” note that:
A)praise should focus on attitude more than actions.
B)most teachers overuse praise.
C)teachers should use more praise statements than corrective statements.
D)praise cannot be expected to change student responses.
98
As stated in “Classwide Interventions,” characteristics of Ms. Walters’ classroom with challenges included that:
A)she often raised her voice at students.
B)she had strict rules for every classroom procedure.
C)there were too many rules.
D)she did not have assigned seats for students.
99
As reported in “Classwide Interventions,” when teachers use error correction, increases in academic performance occur.
A)True
B)False
100
As stated in “Developing Effective Behavior Intervention Plans,” the underlying theme of the Functional Behavior Assessment is that:
A)standards of behavior must be adapted on a student-by-student basis.
B)standards of behavior must be assessed on a group basis.
C)all behavior has a function.
D)some behaviors occur for no reason.
101
As reported in “Developing Effective Behavior Intervention Plans,” an effective Behavior Intervention Plan:
A)must rely on teacher opinion for its assessment.
B)should be monitored in terms of teacher perceptions of overall behavior.
C)includes accurate measuring and recording of behavior.
D)should focus on all undesired behaviors.
102
As pointed out in “Developing Effective Behavior Intervention Plans,” setting events serve to temporarily change the effectiveness of reinforcers and punishers.
A)True
B)False
103
Scientific research, as asserted in “Becoming Citizens of the World,” will increasingly be conducted:
A)by small private firms.
B)in developing countries.
C)in government laboratories.
D)by international teams of researchers.
104
Today’s high-school students, as presented in “Becoming Citizens of the World,” need deeper knowledge that includes all of the following EXCEPT an understanding of:
A)significant global trends in science and technology.
B)how regions and cultures have developed.
C)violent and technological challenges to U.S. supremacy.
D)how international trade and the global economy work.
105
Most U.S. companies, as reported in “Becoming Citizens of the World,” expect that their share of overseas markets will decline in the coming years.
A)True
B)False
106
As stated in “Democracy and Education,” from a learning perspective, the most important basic freedom is the freedom to:
A)communicate.
B)know.
C)ask.
D)choose.
107
In discussing the current state of formal education, the author of “Democracy and Education” notes that it:
A)does a good job of teaching students how to learn.
B)does not give students skills critical in a rapidly changing world.
C)creates excellent self-directed learners.
D)derives its motivation intrinsically.
108
As pointed out in “Democracy and Education,” college preparation is too often the only rationale for what is taught in American high schools.
A)True
B)False
109
According to “Thinking About Patriotism,” one of the hallmarks of a totalitarian regime is:
A)support of science and invention.
B)lack of citizen participation in education.
C)a school curriculum that teaches one unified version of the truth.
D)complete cultural relativism.
110
As stated in “Thinking About Patriotism,” parents began a heated debate in Madison, Wisconsin, when:
A)singing the national anthem at the beginning of the school day was eliminated.
B)a dress code banning patriotic symbols was put in place.
C)time allotted to teaching history was cut.
D)schools were required to put flags in classrooms.
111
As pointed in “Thinking About Patriotism,” so far, the trend toward reinforcing a unilateral view of America has been limited to social studies.
A)True
B)False
112
According to “What is Personalization?”, a proposal that largely ignores personalized instruction in its approach is the:
A)Model Schools Project.
B)Accelerated Schools Project.
C)Breaking Ranks II: Strategies for Leading High School Reform.
D)American Diploma Project.
113
As noted in “What is Personalization?”, the conventional age-graded school system originated in:
A)the United States.
B)Prussia.
C)ancient Sparta.
D)Great Britain.
114
As reported in “What is Personalization?”, a pattern of horizontal school organization is normative in personalized school.
A)True
B)False
115
According to “Cultivating Optimism in the Classroom,” what was unusual to the author at his daughter’s preschool open house was the fact that:
A)the teacher’s presentation stressed optimism.
B)parent-teacher conferences were led by students.
C)it was clear that students did not realize how much they were learning.
D)it was conducted in silence.
116
As reported in “Cultivating Optimism in the Classroom,” John Ogbu wrote that children predict what lies ahead for them based on:
A)what they are told at school.
B)their natural level of optimism.
C)their level of success at school.
D)what happens to the adults in their communities.
117
As stated in “Cultivating Optimism in the Classroom,” Eugene Lang’s promised scholarship help had little effect on graduation rates.
A)True
B)False







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