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1
According to "The Big Questions in Geography," public interaction with the geographic approaches to addressing natural and technological hazards takes place through the media of:
A)television.
B)accounting.
C)mapping.
D)disciplinary research.
2
As noted in "The Big Questions in Geography," the dominant characteristic of both the natural world and the human world is:
A)variability.
B)uniformity.
C)adaptability.
D)patterns.
3
As suggested in "The Big Questions in Geography," geographic thinking is a primary component of the investigation of global warming.
A)True
B)False
4
The author of "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography" states that the biggest current challenge in the field of geography is probably:
A)finding jobs for the increasing numbers of students awarded degrees in the subject.
B)establishing more geography departments at the university level.
C)encouraging scholars in other fields to turn to geographers for help with their concerns.
D)overcoming the public's view of geography as an exercise in place-name recognition.
5
According to "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography," the thing that unites the work of geographers working on different issues is their focus on:
A)the functioning of political systems.
B)the shifting organization and character of the earth's surface.
C)patterns of human interaction.
D)human alteration of the environment.
6
From the 1960s through the 1980s, as noted in "Rediscovering the Importance of Geography," most U.S. academics considered geography a crucially important discipline.
A)True
B)False
7
According to "The Four Traditions of Geography," the dominant field in the study of geography is:
A)area studies.
B)earth science.
C)a blend of all four traditions.
D)man/land.
8
The area-studies tradition described in "The Four Traditions of Geography" has all of the following advantages except that it:
A)helps to characterize the nature of places.
B)regularizes location of places.
C)helps show that geography can be an unspecialized field.
D)is easily understood within academic communities in the United States.
9
According to "The Four Traditions of Geography," Hippocrates's theories set forth in his essay "On Airs, Waters and Places" led to the view that historical events are a result of the environment.
A)True
B)False
10
As professionals, as maintained in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," geographers will fail in their social responsibility if they continue to think of geography as:
A)static and finite.
B)concerned only with natural phenomenon.
C)irreparably altered by human influence.
D)an end in itself.
11
An important indicator of public-activity patterns changing in the weeks and months following September 11, 2001, as pointed out in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," was the:
A)reduction in air travel.
B)rise in energy costs.
C)growing number of emergency kits purchased.
D)distrust of government reports.
12
The geography research community, as noted in "The Changing Landscape of Fear," is now sufficiently organized to develop a sustained and theoretically informed research agenda on the geographical dimensions of terrorism.
A)True
B)False
13
The greatest threat to the United States, as maintained in “Terror’s Next Target?”, remains:
A)a national healthcare crisis.
B)an unanticipated nuclear attack.
C)disaster caused by failing infrastructure.
D)political corruption and faulty elections.
14
The terrorist scenario presented in “Terror’s Next Target?” offered a realistic description of an attack on a/an:
A)oil refinery.
B)major government office building.
C)hospital complex.
D)research university.
15
Most recently, as explained in “Terror’s Next Target?”, it has become far more difficult for individuals to obtain authorization to carry hazardous materials as a truck driver, often requiring extensive background checks.
A)True
B)False
16
As described in "After Apartheid," residents of the township of Langa reacted to the tourists coming into their neighborhoods by:
A)setting up toll booths.
B)opening new restaurants.
C)offering their own walking tours.
D)increasing the police presence.
17
Apart from providing recreation, as explained in "After Apartheid," during apartheid the shebeens of South Africa also provided:
A)a place for the revolutionaries to meet.
B)basic health care.
C)protection from the police.
D)small loans to local residents.
18
Today in South Africa, as noted in "After Apartheid," in contrast to the days of apartheid, whites are often the last in line for the best jobs and government favors.
A)True
B)False
19
Megalopolis, as explained in “Classic Map Revisited: The Growth of Megalopolis,” has been described as the United States’:
A)largest shopping mall.
B)main street.
C)fastest-growing region.
D)last frontier.
20
The core cities that form Megalopolis, as presented in “Classic Map Revisited: The Growth of Megalopolis,” are known as the national center of:
A)immigration
B)commerce.
C)organized crime.
D)innovation.
21
While the population of Megalopolis has grown since the original map was created, as pointed out in “Classic Map Revisited: The Growth of Megalopolis,” the population has not yet doubled.
A)True
B)False
22
Environmental problems in China, as explained in "A Great Wall of Waste," have often been overlooked in the government's efforts to:
A)appeal to foreign investors.
B)raise millions of people out of poverty.
C)produce the products desired by the growing middle class.
D)join the international community.
23
In Guangdong province of China, as described in "A Great Wall of Waste," the water in local villages has been polluted with exceptionally high levels of:
A)mercury.
B)arsenic.
C)particulate matter.
D)lead.
24
It is difficult to gain an accurate picture of the environmental situation in China, as pointed out in "A Great Wall of Waste," as rapid progress and experimentation in some areas are counterbalanced by bureaucratic rigidity and stagnation in others.
A)True
B)Fale
25
Utility companies in the Ninth District are beginning to turn to coal as a source of power for the future in response to increasing energy demands and:
A)the high cost of natural gas.
B)protests over proposed nuclear facilities.
C)recent discoveries of coal in the area.
D)the failure of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power.
26
According to "The New Coal Rush," the state with the largest coal reserves is:
A)Kentucky.
B)Washington.
C)Wisconsin.
D)Montana.
27
Many of the remote rural towns of the Ninth District, as explained in "The New Coal Rush," would welcome the coal industry for the economic advantages it would bring.
A)True
B)False
28
According to "Environmental Enemy No. 1," the biggest source of environmental pollution is the way the public uses:
A)solar power.
B)fossil fuels.
C)trade and capitalism.
D)wind power.
29
In poor countries, as noted in "Environmental Enemy No. 1," one of the leading preventable causes of death is:
A)auto accidents.
B)heart attacks.
C)cancer.
D)air pollution.
30
Unless the rich world intervenes, as suggested in "Environmental Enemy No. 1," many poor countries' energy plants will burn coal in a dirty way.
A)True
B)False
31
Desertification was advancing rapidly in Niger in the 1970s and 1980s, according to “In Niger, Trees and Crops Turn Back the Desert,” as a result of all of the following factors except:
A)severe drought.
B)rapidly expanding population.
C)militant infighting.
D)destructive farming and livestock practices.
32
The main change made by farmers in Niger to slow desertification, as explained in “In Niger, Trees and Crops Turn Back the Desert,” was to:
A)plant fields away from the main villages.
B)change their irrigation techniques.
C)allow some fields to remain unplanted each season.
D)not clear away saplings in the fields prior to planting.
33
The reversal of desertification in Niger, as noted in “In Niger, Trees and Crops Turn Back the Desert,” has been accomplished without expensive methods such as the wide-scale tree planting often advocated by aid groups.
A)True
B)False
34
Greater economic development is planned for the interior of the Amazon forest, as explained in “Whither the World’s Last Forest?”, with the discovery of:
A)rare new woods.
B)oil and natural gas.
C)gold deposits.
D)coal.
35
According to “Whither the World’s Last Forest?”, additional industries that have created controversy over their development in the Amazon include all of the following except:
A)cattle ranching.
B)soy farming.
C)pharmaceutical research.
D)iron mining.
36
The process of extracting oil and natural gas from the Amazon region, as asserted in “Whither the World’s Last Forest?”, presents far more of a technical challenge than a political one.
A)True
B)False
37
Business areas in which India is having its biggest impact, as reported in "The Rise of India," include all of the following except:
A)software.
B)call centers.
C)IT consulting.
D)insurance adjustment.
38
The biggest cause of recent U.S. job losses, as pointed out in "The Rise of India," has been:
A)outsourcing to China.
B)the U.S. economic downturn.
C)corporate scandals.
D)growing productivity and efficiency.
39
According to "The Rise of India," in order to keep its business edge, the United States must increase software productivity through more research investment and increased science education.
A)True
B)False
40
The Kashmir Valley, as identified in "Between the Mountains," is:
A)indefensible.
B)subject to drought.
C)sumptuously fertile.
D)replete with gold mines.
41
As profiled in "Between the Mountains," most of Kashmir's 12 million people are:
A)migrating to the Pakistani borders.
B)concentrated in Indian-held territories.
C)Buddhists.
D)given no civil rights.
42
As noted in "Between the Mountains," today there are few routes that connect Azad Kashmir with Pakistan proper.
A)True
B)False
43
China last made enthusiastic efforts to reach out to the African nations, as pointed out in “Never Too Late to Scramble,”:
A)at the beginning of the twentieth century.
B)during the Communist takeover in China.
C)during the Cold War era.
D)as African nations were gaining independence.
44
China’s biggest single provider of oil, as reported in “Never Too Late to Scramble,” is now:
A)Nigeria.
B)Angola.
C)Zambia.
D)Sudan.
45
China’s most important goal in courting the African nations today, as suggested in “Never Too Late to Scramble,” is to increase its international influence.
A)True
B)False
46
The BTC pipeline, as explained in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," will carry transport oil originating in:
A)Russia.
B)Turkey.
C)Azerbaijan.
D)Georgia.
47
The consortium to build the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, as reported in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," was led by a company from:
A)Turkey.
B)France.
C)Ukraine.
D)Great Britain.
48
The U.S. Energy Information Administration, as noted in "Where Business Meets Geopolitics," believes there is far more oil and natural gas in the Caspian region than was originally estimated.
A)True
B)False
49
As explained in "Deep Blue Thoughts," the "Freedom of the Seas" concept holds that:
A)nations should be free from attack at sea.
B)the resources of the high seas are open to all states.
C)no one country can be allowed to dominate the fishing of a single species.
D)international organizations have no authority over ocean waters.
50
Orange roughy found near New Zealand, as presented in "Deep Blue Thoughts," are in sharp decline due to overfishing, whereas 40 years ago they were protected because:
A)they were in inaccessibly deep water.
B)the people of New Zealand did not want to eat them.
C)they had few predators.
D)they were considered a national symbol.
51
Part of the reason for the decline in ocean life, as noted in "Deep Blue Thoughts," is that hunters in the sea use less refined instruments than those on land, resulting in many fish and other sea life caught unintentionally.
A)True
B)False
52
Apart from the death toll and destruction following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, as pointed out in “Tsunamis: How Safe is the United States?”, experts were concerned about all of the following consequences except:
A)psychological trauma faced by people of the region.
B)widespread looting and violence.
C)a lack of clean water.
D)inadequate medical facilities.
53
In the United States, as explained in “Tsunamis: How Safe is the United States?”, the area most at risk of a destructive tsunami is the:
A)Hawaiian islands.
B)Texas shoreline.
C)southeast coastline.
D)coastline stretching from California to Washington.
54
A compounding factor in the destructiveness of the Indian Ocean tsunami, as maintained in “Tsunamis: How Safe is the United States?”, is that the region lacked an early-warning system.
A)True
B)False
55
As described in "The World Is Spiky," the "spiky"-world hypothesis of peaks, hills, and valleys broadly signifies:
A)creation, population, and insulation.
B)innovation, production, and isolation.
C)concentration, emission, and segregation.
D)formation, globalization, and adaptation.
56
As noted in "The World Is Spiky," the most obvious challenge to the flat-world hypothesis is the:
A)high concentration of innovation and scientific advance.
B)leveling effect of modern technology.
C)increase in economic production.
D)urban population explosion worldwide.
57
As argued in "The World Is Spiky," surprisingly few areas are of real significance in today's global economy.
A)True
B)False
58
As claimed in “Hurricane Hot Spots,” the urban area that would suffer the highest insured-dollar loss if hit by a major hurricane is:
A)New York City.
B)Tampa-St. Petersburg.
C)Miami-Fort Lauderdale.
D)Houston-Galveston.
59
The Red Cross, as explained in “American Red Cross Uses GIS for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Efforts,” uses GIS to provide information primarily to:
A)local aid agencies.
B)volunteers involved in rescue efforts.
C)senior executives.
D)staff members.
60
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., according to “American Red Cross Uses GIS for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Efforts,” assisted the Red Cross in developing a website specifically to help individuals:
A)locate missing loved ones.
B)watch local weather forecasts.
C)pose questions about evacuations to local officials.
D)locate emergency shelters.
61
The Red Cross response to Hurricane Katrina, as reported in “American Red Cross Uses GIS for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Efforts,” included tens of thousands of new volunteers.
A)True
B)False
62
As given in "Mapping the Nature of Diversity," the earliest human footprints found in Middle America appeared to be more than:
A)1,000 years old.
B)7,000 years old.
C)18,000 years old.
D)50,000 years old.
63
As pointed out in "Mapping the Nature of Diversity," even if ancient maps were painstakingly accurate:
A)they heavily reflected the interests of those who paid to have them made.
B)modern data reveals their lack of significance.
C)manmade maps are worthless.
D)explorers managed better without them.
64
As suggested in "Mapping the Nature of Diversity," in the past, the kind of data available to demonstrate the correlation of cultural diversity and biological diversity on a regional or global basis has been fairly broad-brush.
A)True
B)False
65
Some of the drivers motivating asset management, as put forth in "Geospatial Asset Management Solutions," include all of the following except:
A)corporate expansion.
B)compliance with various environmental laws and regulations.
C)prevention of massive infrastructure failures.
D)homeland-security concerns.
66
Examples of asset-intensive organizations, as explained in "Geospatial Asset Management Solutions," include:
A)non-profit charities.
B)manufacturing firms.
C)public-works departments.
D)public-school systems.
67
Most of the obstacles encountered in developing an integrated GIS and AMS database, as cautioned in "Geospatial Asset Management Solutions," will require significant risk-taking to overcome.
A)True
B)False
68
As stated in "Calling All Nations," the growth in international calling since the early 1990s illustrates the:
A)extent of reverse migration from the United States.
B)economic importance of Africa.
C)startling pace of globalization.
D)economic power of U.S. teenagers.
69
As noted in "Fortune Teller," Richard Harrison in his unorthodox maps was trying to show:
A)truth, not convention.
B)minimalist political nuance.
C)navigation aids more clearly.
D)cultural diversities.
70
As presented in "Fortune Teller," in September 1940, the truth the particular maps revealed:
A)involved geographic differentials explicitly.
B)border regions in a defined manner.
C)was far more ominous than refreshing.
D)could not be understood.
71
World War II, as mentioned in "Fortune Teller," was a war that demanded entirely new maps and new ways of seeing the world.
A)True
B)False
72
Several U.S. states, as explained in “Teaching Note: The U.S. Ethanol Industry with Comments on the Great Plains,” have taken steps to ban MTBE due to:
A)increased air pollution.
B)several well-publicized poisonings.
C)a lack of evidence that it reduces pollution.
D)contaminated groundwater.
73
The main feedstock for the production of ethanol, as noted in “Teaching Note: The U.S. Ethanol Industry with Comments on the Great Plains,” is now:
A)soy.
B)wheat.
C)corn.
D)switch grass.
74
The state of California, as reported in “Teaching Note: The U.S. Ethanol Industry with Comments on the Great Plains,” has been granted a waiver from the federal oxygenate standard due to its ban on the use of MTBE in fuel.
A)True
B)False
75
People living in Managua, Nicaragua, as related in "A City of 2 Million Without a Map," have devised novel directions for navigating around the city because the city's grid-like street system was devastated by:
A)a ruinous civil war.
B)years of floods.
C)a severe earthquake.
D)volcanic eruptions.
76
The injury to the school system in African nations as a result of the spread of AIDS, as maintained in "AIDS Infects Education System in Africa," goes deeper than it might otherwise as AIDS is:
A)surrounded by a great deal of misinformation.
B)rarely treated in a timely fashion.
C)destroying families, which undergird the education system.
D)now common among schoolchildren.
77
At one point, as described in "AIDS Infects Education System in Africa," experts identified male teachers as being a particularly at-risk population for all of the following reasons except that they:
A)have little access to health care.
B)are often posted away from their families.
C)have the money to pursue extra-marital sexual partners.
D)have access to female students.
78
Declines in education in African nations, as pointed out in "AIDS Infects Education System in Africa," reduce the chances of slowing the AIDS pandemic, as schools may be the best way of reaching young people with the information, skills, and attitudes that will ultimately protect them from the disease.
A)True
B)False
79
According to “Wonderful World?”, the event that led to more peace in the world was:
A)World War II.
B)the Vietnam War.
C)the collapse of the Soviet Union.
D)the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
80
Air pollution in Wyoming’s Powder River Basin, as put forth in “What Lies Beneath,” which will interfere with visibility in several national parks, is the result of:
A)gas drilling.
B)coal mining.
C)oil exploration.
D)recreational vehicles.
81
Bush Administration policy decisions that have impacted the nation’s national parks, as reported in “What Lies Beneath,” are based on:
A)intense pressure from lobby groups.
B)a belief that these practices will not impact the environment.
C)the desire to reduce dependence on foreign energy sources.
D)trade-offs in setting aside additional federal land for parks.
82
A recent study, as described in “What Lies Beneath,” found that more than a decade’s worth of drilling near national parks in Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado produced less than a year’s worth of oil and natural gas.
A)True
B)False
83
As explained in "Dry Spell," normally about 10 percent of the country suffers very serious drought at any time, but last summer:
A)no drought was present.
B)flooding problems surpassed the drought problem.
C)the rate soared to 38 percent.
D)drought-emergency task forces solved the problem.
84
As outlined in "Dry Spell," even though drought is as inevitable as the change of seasons:
A)people prefer to ignore the trends as unimportant obstacles to their plans.
B)governments tend to ignore the danger when water is abundant.
C)nothing can be done about it.
D)the government should intervene only on a local level.
85
As related in "Dry Spell," in the hydro-illogical cycle, concern can quickly turn to panic in the absence of comprehensive drought planning.
A)True
B)False
86
Some experts have argued against large-scale plans to desalinate salt water, as presented in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," as it might:
A)further enable sprawl on fragile ecosystems.
B)permanently alter the salinity levels of bays and inlets.
C)lead to a contamination of the water supply with microorganisms.
D)spoil the pristine beauty of coastal areas.
87
The only operational commercial desalination facility in the United States, as reported in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," is located off the coast of:
A)Texas.
B)Florida.
C)Georgia.
D)California.
88
As explained in "Turning Oceans Into Tap Water," only a small percentage of the Earth's water is fresh, and more than two-thirds of that is inaccessibly bound up in glaciers and ice caps.
A)True
B)False
89
As remarked upon in "The Longest Journey," freeing migration could enrich humanity even more than freeing trade, but only if:
A)the social and political costs were contained.
B)international wars were limited.
C)armies were tightly controlled.
D)all nations disarmed.
90
As related in "The Longest Journey," although many more immigrants arrive legally than hidden in trucks or boats:
A)criminality is never examined.
B)voters are concerned that governments have lost control of who enters their country.
C)terrorism is still around us.
D)statistics are not valued in the polling place.
91
As set out in "The Longest Journey," it is always possible to separate the globalization of trade and capital from the global movement of people.
A)True
B)False
92
Pakistan’s main interest in the Baluchistan region, as maintained in “In Remote Pakistan, A Civil War Festers,” is that this region:
A)could provide military access to India.
B)has been harboring members of the Taliban and al Qaeda.
C)has plentiful oil and natural gas reserves.
D)contains a number of important religious sites.
93
The Pakistan government, as put forth in “In Remote Pakistan, A Civil War Festers,” argues that two of the rebel leaders are outlaws who are primarily opposed to:
A)democracy in Pakistan.
B)economic development.
C)religious freedom.
D)Pakistan becoming a powerful international leader.
94
Officially, as explained in “In Remote Pakistan, A Civil War Festers,” the Pakistan government denies it is waging a full-scale military campaign in the Baluchistan region.
A)True
B)False
95
One important factor contributing to the desire of more countries to obtain nuclear weapons, as asserted in “Global Response Required: Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” is that:
A)there are no longer rival superpowers to offer security to smaller states in return for loyalty.
B)many states now have more money at their disposal to spend on defense.
C)a growing number of states are involved in violent internal conflicts.
D)former blocks of allies are breaking apart and are more likely to come in conflict with one another.
96
The latest country to test a nuclear device, as mentioned in “Global Response Required: Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” was:
A)Syria.
B)Spain.
C)Japan.
D)North Korea.
97
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, as noted in “Global Response Required: Stopping the Spread of Nuclear Weapons,” makes no provision for nuclear states to eventually destroy their nuclear weapons.
A)True
B)False







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