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Practice Quiz
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1
As presented in "Too Young to Die," in a recent decision, the U.S. Supreme Court justice who changed his opinion from supporting to opposing the death penalty for juveniles was:
A)Antonin Scalia.
B)William Rehnquist.
C)Anthony Kennedy.
D)Clarence Thomas.
2
As noted in "Juvenile Population Characteristics," among the factors that impact delinquency and the juvenile justice system are all of the following except:
A)economic conditions.
B)moving populations.
C)education.
D)climate changes.
3
As described in "The Crackdown on Kids: The New Mood of Meanness toward Children--To Be Young Is to Be Suspect," the growing antipathy towards children seen in U.S. society today is particularly notable in:
A)movements to charge child and teenage offenders as adults.
B)the lack of supportive services for children.
C)decreasing numbers of play grounds and other public spaces.
D)increasingly harsh loitering and disorderly conduct regulations.
4
According to "The Crackdown on Kids: The New Mood of Meanness toward Children--To Be Young Is to Be Suspect," the growing trend of increasing criminal punishments for juveniles is part of a larger pattern of:
A)creating a more civil society.
B)childhood education.
C)increasing sanctions for people who do not have adequate wealth or power to shield them.
D)praising and elevating the self esteem of "good" kids or those whose families are well off.
5
As noted in "The Crackdown on Kids: The New Mood of Meanness toward Children--To Be Young Is to Be Suspect," the perception of juvenile crime has changed more radically than has juvenile crime itself.
A)True
B)False
6
Fear of random violence perpetrated by young Americans, according to "Juvenile Offenders: Should They Be Tried in Adult Courts?" has prompted people to:
A)carry handguns for protection.
B)promote community-based organizations that encourage rehabilitation.
C)adopt the position that a conservative justice system, which seeks to punish and deter, will curtail juvenile crime.
D)ask the courts to sentence first-time juvenile offenders to criminal penalties.
7
As cited in "Juveniles as Victims," many children experience serious victimization from all of the following sources except:
A)school officials.
B)their family.
C)peers.
D)strangers.
8
The expected juvenile crime wave, as reported in "The Coming Crime Wave Is Washed Up," was expected to be notable not only for the increase in crime but also for the growing number of:
A)female offenders.
B)very young offenders.
C)superpredators.
D)career criminals.
9
Violent crime has dropped since the increases of the 1980s, as described in "The Coming Crime Wave Is Washed Up," in part due to the:
A)current economic prosperity.
B)emphasis on education and violence prevention in schools today.
C)number of juveniles already incarcerated.
D)drop in the crack-cocaine market.
10
The nature of juvenile justice, as maintained in "The Coming Crime Wave Is Washed Up," has been notably altered by the pessimistic mood of politicians and other thinkers, resulting in the movement to punish some youth offenders as adults.
A)True
B)False
11
As mentioned in "Kids Who Kill: A Conversation with John Dilulio," the answers to the increase in violent young criminals in urban areas may be found in the:
A)inner-city churches.
B)suburban malls.
C)educational system.
D)appropriate medical treatment of the indigent.
12
As recalled in "Kids Who Kill: A Conversation with John Dilulio," for super-predators, the stigma of arrest:
A)lingers far after the punishment.
B)impacts upon their entire family.
C)has no meaning.
D)is a strong deterrent.
13
As suggested in "Kids Who Kill: A Conversation with John Dilulio," kids who are committing crimes at the super-predator extreme exercise an influence that is completely out of proportion to their numbers.
A)True
B)False
14
As highlighted in "Does Kindergarten Need Cops?" there are increasing numbers of kindergartners and first-graders:
A)with dysfunctional parents.
B)exhibiting aggressive behavior.
C)who are functionally illiterate.
D)needing tranquilizers.
15
As discussed in "Does Kindergarten Need Cops?" violence is:
A)nonexistent in adolescence.
B)a product solely of environment.
C)getting younger and younger.
D)ignored in the school system.
16
As shown in "Does Kindergarten Need Cops?" even more vital than early reading is the learning of play skills that form the foundation of cognitive skills.
A)True
B)False
17
As maintained in "Frustrated Officials Find Standard Answers Don't Suffice," legislation passed in the wake of school violence, including several fatal shootings, has so far:
A)not resulted in a decline in juvenile violence.
B)not made people feel any safer.
C)prevented only a few incidents.
D)only spurred juveniles on to even-more violent actions.
18
In most cases, as given in "Frustrated Officials Find Standard Answers Don't Suffice," after a violent national episode, elected officials react as if they have the solutions to the problem.
A)True
B)False
19
According to "Early Violence Leaves Its Mark on the Brain," interest in discovering the root causes of violence has increased recently in response to:
A)an increase in parental abuse and neglect of their children.
B)the growing teenage population.
C)increases in violent crime committed by children.
D)new evidence that some children are born with an innate predisposition for aggressive behavior.
20
Brutality to children, as explained in "Early Violence Leaves Its Mark on the Brain," can profoundly affect the:
A)chemistry of a child's brain.
B)size of a child's brain.
C)motor skills developed by the child.
D)creativity and imagination of a child.
21
Recent animal studies to investigate the neurological basis of aggression, as presented in "Early Violence Leaves Its Mark on the Brain," have been conducted on primates, due to their similarities with humans.
A)True
B)False
22
As maintained in "What Makes Teens Tick," most brain development seems to follow:
A)Mother Nature.
B)biological impulses controllable only at maturity.
C)rules of engagement.
D)a set plan with changes following cues that are preprogrammed into genes.
23
As suggested in "What Makes Teens Tick," increasingly, wild conduct of teenagers is being seen as the by-product of a surfeit of hormones and:
A)a lack of parental influences.
B)a paucity of cognitive controls needed for mature behavior.
C)the scarcity of appropriate medical intervention.
D)domination by older siblings.
24
As reflected upon in "What Makes Teens Tick," the brain, more than any other organ, is not where experience becomes flesh.
A)True
B)False
25
According to "Why the Young Kill," some scientists now believe that children become violent because:
A)they are lonely.
B)of certain biological conditions combined with the effects of their environments.
C)there is a specific "violence gene" that cannot be compensated for by other influences.
D)they have no feelings for others.
26
The biological ties to violence, as maintained in "Why the Young Kill," are based on the finding that:
A)a specific gene for violence exists in some people.
B)the brains of violent people are notably different in shape from that of nonviolent people.
C)the brain can be rewired by experience.
D)violent tempers are often hereditary.
27
As noted in "Why the Young Kill," earlier attempts to link biology to violence have been marked by racism, eugenics, and bad scientific method.
A)True
B)False
28
As reported in "Moral Poverty," many adults are now frightened by the increase in violent crime committed by:
A)young children.
B)girls.
C)children with no sense of right or wrong.
D)privileged youth.
29
As defined in "The Culture of Youth," the term "culture" primarily refers to:
A)religion.
B)race or ethnicity.
C)social or economic class.
D)lifestyle.
30
From the perspective of a dominant culture, as explained in "The Culture of Youth," the values of a subculture work to:
A)move the subculture closer to integration with the culture.
B)prevent integration with the culture.
C)destroy the culture.
D)reinforce the culture and give it an opportunity to examine its unique strengths.
31
In order for a distinct subculture to exist, as maintained in "The Culture of Youth," the members must be in close personal contact with each other.
A)True
B)False
32
According to "Preventing Crime, Saving Children: Sticking to the Basics," the most effective way to save at-risk youths from juvenile crime and substance abuse is:
A)to remove them from their abusive or neglectful parents.
B)through mentoring programs.
C)to help them stay in school.
D)to minimize their exposure to drugs.
33
According to "Boys Will Be Boys," both boys and girls:
A)develop similarly.
B)have similar crisis points.
C)face similar challenges.
D)should be raised with consideration for their distinct needs.
34
As reported in "Boys Will Be Boys," boys are less likely than girls to:
A)have discipline problems at school.
B)successfully kill themselves.
C)have an eating disorder.
D)be placed in special-education classes.
35
As noted in "Boys Will Be Boys," in the wake of the feminist movement, the abundance of physical energy and urge to conquer that are normal boy characteristics have come to be considered pathological.
A)True
B)False
36
Many teenage girls who have been arrested for criminal activity, as cited in "Crimes by Girls Flying Off the Charts," believe that:
A)there is little difference between the crimes committed by girls and boys.
B)young women are less likely to commit violent crimes.
C)women are more afraid of being punished for their crimes than young men are.
D)although boys often have little motive for the violence they commit, girls often have very strong motives.
37
The growing number of female juvenile offenders, as reported in "Crimes by Girls Flying Off the Charts," may be linked to the:
A)overall increase in the juvenile population.
B)desire of girls to imitate their brothers and other boys in their neighborhoods.
C)greater freedom experienced by women in the workplace.
D)greater willingness of courts to prosecute female offenders.
38
Crime statistics from 1996, as cited in "Crimes by Girls Flying Off the Charts," demonstrate that half of all juveniles arrested for delinquency are girls.
A)True
B)False
39
As outlined in "Girls Study Group Launches Web Site," the ultimate goal of the Girls Study Group project is to:
A)reduce and prevent pregnancy.
B)develop a profile of girl gangs.
C)prevent and reduce delinquency and violence by girls.
D)rehabilitate incarcerated girls.
40
The current rates of violent crime, as maintained in "The Real Root Cause of Violent Crime: The Breakdown of the Family," is closely linked to:
A)deteriorating cities.
B)failing educational programs.
C)poverty and unemployment.
D)deteriorating family structures.
41
If poverty were the true cause of crime, as asserted in "The Real Root Cause of Violent Crime: The Breakdown of the Family," then the crime rate would:
A)fall dramatically now that fewer families are living in poverty.
B)have been much higher in the past when more people suffered from poverty.
C)be significantly higher in rural areas.
D)reflect only crimes committed against wealthier members of society.
42
During the Great Depression, as described in "The Real Root Cause of Violent Crime: The Breakdown of the Family," the crime rate increased dramatically.
A)True
B)False
43
The most successful parents, as described in "When Our Children Commit Violence," are those who:
A)expect their children to take full responsibility for their actions.
B)establish strict rules for their children and watch their actions closely.
C)take responsibility for the actions of their children.
D)let children develop on their own and seek out their own meanings of right and wrong.
44
According to "When Our Children Commit Violence," many children in the early teenage years do not understand that:
A)criminal activity is wrong.
B)society at large is opposed to criminal activity.
C)they are likely to be caught if they misbehave.
D)their actions have consequences.
45
Schools and religious organizations, as maintained in "When Our Children Commit Violence," can often successfully fill the void left by a parent who does not teach his or her child to act responsibly.
A)True
B)False
46
The Stand for Children event, as reported in "The Children's Crusade," is primarily about:
A)defining the agenda of the Children's Defense Fund.
B)creating concern for the welfare of children.
C)convincing politicians to consider the needs of children in all legislative battles.
D)raising awareness of the number of children living in poverty in the United States.
47
As described in "The Children's Crusade," some members of Congress have discovered that they can kill any proposed welfare-reform bill by arguing that it will:
A)cost the taxpayers additional money.
B)encourage people to have more children.
C)adversely affect the well-being of children.
D)divert funds from other needy segments of society.
48
Since the establishment of the Children's Defense Fund, as stated in "The Children's Crusade," U.S. children have been doing better in areas from increased math and science proficiency to higher immunization rates.
A)True
B)False
49
As indicated in "The Victims of Victims," children who are moved from one family to the next:
A)are the rejects of society as a whole.
B)often end up more damaged emotionally than children who are physically abused by a steady caregiver.
C)never grow up to be normal adults.
D)are always monitored carefully by government agencies.
50
As discussed in "The Victims of Victims," kids always feel that it is their fault that they:
A)are being moved from one family to the next.
B)were born prematurely.
C)need sympathy.
D)cannot compete in normal society.
51
As brought out in "The Victims of Victims," hotline calls about newborns often come from hospitals when tests show a baby has been exposed to illegal drugs.
A)True
B)False
52
As pointed out in "An Epoch of Cheating," American culture has:
A)condoned cheating since the Great Depression.
B)a deep strain of ambivalence about cheating.
C)always been totally opposed to cheating.
D)allowed the poor, but not the rich, to cheat.
53
As cited in title, politicians have responded to parental fears of the spread and use of Ecstasy by:
A)enacting harsh laws with the goal of jailing traffickers.
B)bringing substance abusers to court.
C)enacting legislation based on regional reform only.
D)increasing their number of political speeches to a wider region of the country.
54
As shown in "The Trouble With Ecstasy," virtually all surveys show that cocaine, heroin, and crack:
A)present problems only among minority groups.
B)are as widely used by whites as by minorities.
C)seem to be used most by adolescents.
D)cannot be sold in suburban enclaves.
55
As concluded in "The Trouble With Ecstasy," for members of Congress, uttering a phrase suggesting any weakening of drug laws is a ticket to political prominence.
A)True
B)False
56
Reports of gang violence in the news media, as maintained in "A Sad Fact of Life: Gangs and Their Activities are Spreading into Small-Town America," has turned the public's perception of the problem into:
A)one that does not affect them.
B)one on which they can take definite action.
C)a racial issue.
D)a small-town issue.
57
As reported in "A Sad Fact of Life: Gangs and Their Activities are Spreading into Small-Town America," gang activity in the United States is:
A)declining overall.
B)becoming more widespread.
C)confined almost exclusively to inner cities.
D)now composed of members from wealthy families.
58
In a recent survey of law-enforcement administrators, as presented in "A Sad Fact of Life: Gangs and Their Activities are Spreading into Small-Town America," more than half believed that strong anti-gang programs in cities would also deter gang activity in smaller towns.
A)True
B)False
59
According to "Criminal Behavior of Gang Members and At-Risk Youths," one notable difference in the instances of criminal activity by gang members and at-risk youth was that the gang members:
A)began their criminal activity at much earlier ages.
B)faced prosecution almost entirely in criminal court.
C)had no intention of leading law-abiding lives in the future.
D)committed more serious and violent crimes.
60
The young people interviewed in recent studies of gang members and at-risk youth, as presented in "Criminal Behavior of Gang Members and At-Risk Youths," were selected from:
A)juveniles who had recently been arrested.
B)young people who had dropped out of school.
C)referrals from youth-service organizations.
D)young people in either adult prisons or juvenile detention centers.
61
Most at-risk youth, as well as gang members, as stated in "Criminal Behavior of Gang Members and At-Risk Youths," reported that they had held a job in the previous year.
A)True
B)False
62
As analyzed in "Gang World," the increasing mobility of information via cyberspace:
A)allows police more latitude in catching gang members.
B)makes Interpol more interested in street crime.
C)makes it easy for gangs to get information, adapt personalities, and distort gang behaviors.
D)creates venues for otherwise-peaceful gang pursuits.
63
As concluded in "Gang World," street gangs are proliferating around the world, and the United States has unwittingly spurred this phenomenon by:
A)deporting tens of thousands of immigrants with criminal records each year.
B)ignoring child-labor laws in European cities.
C)not monitoring border crossings more carefully.
D)increasing surveillance over foreign criminal elements, not our own.
64
As described in "Gang World," flashy cars, diamond rings, and wads of cash are the gang world norm.
A)True
B)False
65
The web sites discussed in "Statistical Briefing Book" focus on:
A)school behavior of juveniles.
B)families of juveniles.
C)the juvenile justice system.
D)juveniles and petty crime.
66
Some cities, as described in "Fighting Crime, One Kid at a Time," are hoping to reduce juvenile crime by:
A)imposing strict curfews.
B)holding parents more responsible for their children's actions.
C)creating specialized drug-crime police officers.
D)implementing a system of community policing with officers focused specifically on young people.
67
The main purpose of juvenile police officers, as explained in "Fighting Crime, One Kid at a Time," is to:
A)work with the youth after he or she has been arrested to solve some of the problems that led to the criminal activity in the first place.
B)become a continuing presence in the community and the lives of the young people.
C)investigate youth-related drug activity.
D)observe the community for signs of neglected or abused children.
68
Many police departments and law-enforcement experts, as reported in "Fighting Crime, One Kid at a Time," now believe that juveniles can be deterred from a life of criminal activity if law-enforcement authorities are able to form partnerships with the children and other members of a community.
A)True
B)False
69
To stop the epidemic of juvenile violence, as detailed in "Kids and Guns: From Playgrounds to Battlegrounds," there are several local, state, and national programs whose primary purpose is to:
A)pass stronger gun-control legislature.
B)curb the possession and use of guns by youth.
C)crack down on the illegal sale of guns to juveniles.
D)change public perceptions about juveniles.
70
The Kansas City (Missouri) Gun Experiment, as presented in "Kids and Guns: From Playgrounds to Battlegrounds," is an example of a program designed to:
A)target individuals who illegally sell guns to juveniles.
B)increase community awareness of juvenile violence through public-information campaigns.
C)convince youths that they can trust law enforcement.
D)decrease the number of guns carried by teenagers.
71
As reported in "Kids and Guns: From Playgrounds to Battlegrounds," despite the success of the Kansas City Gun Experiment to reduce crime in the target neighborhood, crime increased in other city locations.
A)True
B)False
72
As cited in "Juvenile Felony Defendants in Criminal Courts," juveniles transferred to criminal court are generally:
A)non-violent felony offenders.
B)violent felony offenders.
C)white or Hispanic.
D)charged with "white collar" crimes.
73
Most states, as brought out in "Juvenile Felony Defendants in Criminal Courts," define the upper age limit of juvenile court jurisdiction at:
A)21.
B)19.
C)17.
D)15.
74
As stated in "Juvenile Felony Defendants in Criminal Courts," the article presents data on juveniles prosecuted as felony defendants in criminal courts in every U.S. county.
A)True
B)False
75
A significant percentage of juveniles processed in the federal court system, as cited in "Juvenile Delinquents in the Federal Criminal Justice System," are:
A)recent immigrants.
B)in their pre-teen years.
C)Native Americans.
D)from affluent families.
76
According to "Juvenile Delinquents in the Federal Criminal Justice System," federal courts can control the legal proceedings against Native-American juveniles for all of the following reasons except:
A)strong federal interest in a particular case.
B)a lack of resources or jurisdiction by a Native-American tribe.
C)federal jurisdiction already awarded for certain offenses.
D)offenses on tribal land that crosses the boundaries of two or more states.
77
Under federal law, as maintained in "Juvenile Delinquents in the Federal Criminal Justice System," a person can only be processed as a juvenile until he or she reaches the age of 16.
A)True
B)False
78
Overwhelmed by the increase in violent juvenile behavior, individuals involved in the juvenile court system, as explained in "With Juvenile Courts in Chaos, Critics Propose Their Demise," have considered:
A)more effective rehabilitation efforts.
B)sending more offenders to juvenile prisons.
C)abolishing the system and trying more juveniles as adults.
D)passing stronger gun-control legislation.
79
According to "With Juvenile Courts in Chaos, Critics Propose Their Demise," the juvenile court in Chicago:
A)no longer hears child welfare cases.
B)does not keep the names of defendants confidential.
C)spends an average of six minutes on each case.
D)is considered the best in the nation.
80
As stated in "With Juvenile Courts in Chaos, Critics Propose Their Demise," juvenile courts originated in Chicago.
A)True
B)False
81
As stated in "Juvenile Justice Comes of Age," the largest roadblock to juvenile justice reform in many states is:
A)money.
B)political infighting.
C)the desire of the public for retribution instead of rehabilitation.
D)limitations placed on them by the federal government.
82
As noted in "Juvenile Justice Comes of Age," significant juvenile-justice reform has in recent years happened more often in states where:
A)the juvenile crime rate is highest.
B)the juvenile crime rate is lowest.
C)conservatives control the government.
D)the same political party controls both chambers of the legislature.
83
As stated in "Juvenile Justice Comes of Age," violent juvenile crime has declined significantly in the last 10 years.
A)True
B)False
84
Under the doctrine of parens patriae, as described in "The Bastard Stepchild of Parens Patriae: The American Juvenile Incarceration Structure," the primary right of a child is to:
A)freedom.
B)custody.
C)love and care.
D)education.
85
The original doctrine of parens patriae, as portrayed in "The Bastard Stepchild of Parens Patriae: The American Juvenile Incarceration Structure," was intended to:
A)provide for state guardianship over children who had been abandoned or neglected by their parents.
B)establish care for orphans.
C)punish juvenile offenders.
D)care for the children of convicted criminals.
86
After the establishment of a home for neglected children in New Orleans in the early 1700s, as reported in "The Bastard Stepchild of Parens Patriae: The American Juvenile Incarceration Structure," delinquent and homeless children were no longer incarcerated in jails alongside adults.
A)True
B)False
87
Recent controversy over medical studies attempting to investigate the biological links to violence and aggression, as described in "Quick Fix: Pushing a Medical Cure for Youth Violence," have been sharply criticized for:
A)using only incarcerated juveniles.
B)violating ethical standards.
C)seeking to punish children before they have committed any crime.
D)not revealing the purpose of the research to the subjects or their parents.
88
The studies on the roots of violent behavior, as explained in "Quick Fix: Pushing a Medical Cure for Youth Violence," focused on:
A)incarcerated youth.
B)middle-class juveniles.
C)impoverished, inner-city communities.
D)a wide selection of juveniles in New York state.
89
The chief juvenile-justice prosecutor of New York City has also been criticized, as stated in "Quick Fix: Pushing a Medical Cure for Youth Violence," for his possible role in helping researchers gather young study-subjects.
A)True
B)False
90
The Tallulah Correctional Center for Youth, as described in "Profits at a Juvenile Prison Come with a Chilling Cost," has become notable recently for:
A)its exemplary care of mentally ill delinquents.
B)large expenditures for job training, education, and recreation.
C)being the worst example of a juvenile facility in the United States.
D)the high number of residents who later return to criminal activity.
91
Some of the factors that met to create the conditions found at the Tallulah Correctional Center for Youth, as presented in "Profits at a Juvenile Prison Come with a Chilling Cost," include all of the following except:
A)the detention of increasing numbers of mentally ill juveniles.
B)a push to build more prisons while neglecting education and counseling services.
C)states' willingness to contract to private companies to provide facilities for juvenile offenders.
D)the increasing severity of the crimes committed by repeat juvenile offenders.
92
As noted in "Profits at a Juvenile Prison Come with a Chilling Cost," accusations of abuse and neglect in juvenile detention centers like Tallulah are notable exceptions to the rule of caring, responsible care in these facilities.
A)True
B)False
93
As described in "Juvenile Boot Camps: Lessons Learned," boot-camp detention centers for juveniles hope to reform young offenders by focusing on:
A)education and vocational training.
B)anger-management counseling.
C)physical fitness and discipline.
D)instilling remorse and fear of the adult prison system in the offender.
94
According to "Juvenile Boot Camps: Lessons Learned," the pilot study of juvenile boot camps concluded that these camps were unable significantly to:
A)reduce recidivism.
B)address the psychological needs of residents.
C)increase educational success for the residents.
D)increase employment opportunities for released youth.
95
The residents of juvenile boot camps, as explained in "Juvenile Boot Camps: Lessons Learned," have generally been charged with their first violent offense.
A)True
B)False
96
As explained in "A Spotty Record of Health Care at Juvenile Sites in New York," for the 5,000 youngsters who passed through Prison Health care each year:
A)only one full-time doctor was employed by the organization.
B)attendants were a constant positive force.
C)the government paid bonuses for superior health care.
D)school was of paramount importance.
97
As highlighted in "A Spotty Record of Health Care at Juvenile Sites in New York," the only independent audit of Prison Health's medical care found that:
A)records of the youngsters were in perfect order.
B)patient records had been in disarray.
C)paraprofessionals continually signed off on all the treatment.
D)youngsters were rarely medicated.
98
As disclosed in "A Spotty Record of Health Care at Juvenile Sites in New York," few young people entering the juvenile correctional system have received consistent health care.
A)True
B)False
99
As indicated in "Life Sentences Without Parole Increasingly Imposed on Juveniles," because of a 1990s trend toward trying serious juvenile offenders in the adult justice system:
A)lawyers are reaping a windfall.
B)judges are called upon to make difficult decisions.
C)schools are less involved.
D)41 states now allow a sentence of life without parole to be imposed on juveniles.
100
As recounted in "Life Sentences Without Parole Increasingly Imposed on Juveniles," in 14 states that allow the trying of juveniles in the adult justice system:
A)social workers act as client advocates.
B)youngsters have no hope of redemption.
C)there is no minimum age for the sentence of LWOP.
D)jails are being reconstructed to house young members.
101
As brought forth in "Life Sentences Without Parole Increasingly Imposed on Juveniles," there are many exacting national statistics on the number of juvenile offenders who have been sentenced to die in prison.
A)True
B)False
102
As presented in "Crime and Punishment, Juvenile Division," in the aftermath of recent school shootings, the U.S. public has been looking for:
A)the root causes of this violence.
B)ties between the violence seen in the media and violent children.
C)a quick solution to the problem.
D)ways to control the availability of weapons in the United States.
103
As reported in "Crime and Punishment, Juvenile Division," the state of Arkansas elects to try juveniles accused of murder as adults because the state:
A)wishes to avoid public outcry over perceived leniency for minors.
B)believes that if a child is old enough to kill deliberately, he is old enough to be tried as an adult.
C)does not have the facilities to detain juveniles accused of violent crimes.
D)believes all children are entirely responsible for their actions.
104
Imposing adult sanctions on juvenile violent offenders, as maintained in "Crime and Punishment, Juvenile Division," will ultimately amount to admitting defeat over the youth-crime problem.
A)True
B)False
105
As brought out in "Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice Research: The State of Our Knowledge," when organized crime was studied:
A)local crimes were diffused.
B)the focus was usually limited to the national boundaries of the researcher's nation.
C)prison sizes were increased.
D)languages played a major factor.
106
As suggested in "Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice Research: The State of Our Knowledge," one of the outcomes of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, was the realization that:
A)terrorism is international and inextricably tied to transnational criminal activity.
B)crime can happen anywhere.
C)some criminals may never be punished.
D)the innocent will always suffer.
107
As explained in "Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice Research: The State of Our Knowledge," one of the major impediments to comparative research is lack of adequate funding.
A)True
B)False
108
As discussed in "Criminal Neglect," a top-to-bottom overhaul of the nation's juvenile-justice system is mandatory if:
A)legislation is to be written to protect the unprotected.
B)school scores are to have any meaning.
C)these troubled youngsters are ever to avoid becoming adult crime statistics.
D)the Department of Education is to have any clout in the President's cabinet.
109
As mentioned in "Criminal Neglect," four out of every five child and teen arrestees are:
A)from upper-middle-class families.
B)under the influence of alcohol or drugs while committing their crimes.
C)repeat offenders.
D)remanded to their parents' custody.
110
As indicated in title, 40 percent of juvenile facilities are severely overcrowded, and children often are mistreated and abused.
A)True
B)False
111
According to "Tokyo's Teen Tribes," recent international surveys have demonstrated that youths in Japan are more likely than other teenagers to be:
A)eager to embrace the materialist society around them.
B)unwilling to take on adult roles and responsibilities.
C)discontented with the materialist society around them.
D)eager to become adults as quickly as possible.
112
The number of teens in Tokyo claiming to have used drugs, as described in "Tokyo's Teen Tribes," is particularly surprising in a society that:
A)morally abhors drug use.
B)emphasizes strict self control.
C)imposes harsh sentences on even the most minor drug charges.
D)has very little access to the drug trade.
113
Law-enforcement authorities in Tokyo, as described in "Tokyo's Teen Tribes," have been able to close down the "telephone clubs," resulting in a sharp decline in prostitution.
A)True
B)False
114
One of the main goals of the plan created by the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, as described in "The National Juvenile Justice Action Plan: A Comprehensive Response to a Critical Challenge," is to:
A)ensure public safety.
B)encourage higher education among at-risk youth.
C)reduce the number of teenage parents.
D)require community service for all youths to discourage delinquent behavior.
115
Public attention has been focused on the problem of juvenile crime, as explained in "The National Juvenile Justice Action Plan: A Comprehensive Response to a Critical Challenge," in the aftermath of:
A)the crack epidemic.
B)the AIDS epidemic.
C)recent episodes of school violence.
D)weakening gun regulations.
116
Restorative justice, as stated in "The National Juvenile Justice Action Plan: A Comprehensive Response to a Critical Challenge," is intended to hold the offender's parents responsible for the crimes committed by a juvenile.
A)True
B)False
117
Crime in the United States, as noted in "Breaking the Cycle of Juvenile Violence," can best be thought of as:
A)following a wavelike pattern, similar to the economy.
B)rooted in gang activity.
C)a slowly declining trend with occasional dramatic spikes in violent activity.
D)two separate trends, one for juveniles and one for adults.
118
The roots of delinquency and violence, as maintained in "Breaking the Cycle of Juvenile Violence," often begin:
A)prior to birth.
B)at home.
C)among peer groups.
D)at school.
119
As reported in "Breaking the Cycle of Juvenile Violence," Congress has recently introduced legislation proposing that federal jurisdiction be given to certain juvenile crimes.
A)True
B)False
120
According to "Understanding the Roots of Crime: The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods," the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods will attempt to understand the:
A)biological basis for crime
B)environmental influences on criminal behavior.
C)role of religion and community life in criminal behavior.
D)relationships among family, community, and individual in determining criminal behavior.
121
The foundation premise of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, as stated in "Understanding the Roots of Crime: The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods," is that an individual's behavior is dependent on:
A)early childhood experiences.
B)a complex mix of factors.
C)genetics and biological predispositions.
D)the behavior of the most influential adult in his or her life.
122
Patterns of criminal behavior, as explained in "Understanding the Roots of Crime: The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods," are thought to develop over a significant period of time.
A)True
B)False
123
At-risk children, as explained in "Saving the Nation's Most Precious Resources: Our Children," are those who may never:
A)find fulfilling careers.
B)successfully become parents themselves.
C)reach their full potential as adults.
D)find a supportive and loving environment.
124
The job of saving at-risk children, as reported in "Saving the Nation's Most Precious Resources: Our Children," is increasingly difficult due to all of the following factors except:
A)outdated laws intending to protect the privacy of families from outside intervention.
B)a growing negativity towards children in our society.
C)the expanding gap between the richest and poorest members of society.
D)larger numbers of single-parent households.
125
As maintained in "Saving the Nation's Most Precious Resources: Our Children," signs of a coming escalation in juvenile crime are already clearly visible.
A)True
B)False





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