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1 | |
Digestive enzymes that have become activated normally have no contact with the cytoplasm of the body's cells, even though they are synthesized there. (p. 563) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
Digestive reactions are limited to the lumen (cavity) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and do not occur within the tissues. (p. 563) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
The myenteric nerve plexus of the digestive tract wall is found in the submucosa layer, or tunic. (p. 565) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
Parasympathetic stimulation of the alimentary canal increases its peristaltic and secretory activity. (p. 565) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
The esophagus contains both smooth and skeletal muscle in its muscularis externa layer. (p. 566) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
Absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine requires the presence of a polypeptide, called the intrinsic factor which is secreted by cells of the duodenum. (p. 568) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
Dietary protein is broken down by stomach acid, which splits the peptide bonds between its amino acids. (p. 569) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
The adult stomach does not digest fat or carbohydrate. (p. 570) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Protein digestion is completed in the stomach by the action of the enzyme, pepsin. (p. 570) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
A person can still adequately digest and absorb food after complete removal of the stomach. (p. 570) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
The stomach is so well protected against its own acid and enzymes that it has a very low rate of cell death and slow cell replacement. (p. 570) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Peptic ulcers of the duodenum are caused mainly by excessive HCl secretion by the stomach. (p. 571) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The small intestine tends to contract after death, so it is considerably shorter in a cadaver than in a living person. (p. 571) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
The inability to digest milk is due to inactivity of an intestinal brush border enzyme, called lactase. (p. 573) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
People with lactose intolerance can tolerate yogurt better than milk because yogurt does not contain lactose. (p. 573) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
A nexus is a cell junction that conducts action potentials from one smooth muscle cell to another in the muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract. (p. 574) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Intestinal smooth muscle layers is capable of spontaneous depolarizations, called pacesetter potentials, or slow waves, that are conducted across electrical synapses. (p. 574) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Goblet cells are limited to the stomach and the small intestine. (p. 575) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Villi are limited to the small intestine, they are not found in the large intestine. (p. 575) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid hormone from the adrenal cortex, stimulates salt and water retention not only by the kidney but also by the ileum portion of the small intestine. (p. 577) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Substances that pass between the hepatocytes and the blood of the hepatic sinusoids must pass through the cytoplasm of the Kupffer cells. (p. 578) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
Any digestive breakdown product that is absorbed by the blood vessels of the small intestine must pass through the liver before it can proceed to any other organ of the body. (p. 579) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
The liver receives all its blood from the hepatic portal vein. (p. 579) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Bile is a fluid produced by the gallbladder and secreted into the duodenum. (p. 580) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Any wastes excreted by the liver into the bile are eventually passed with the feces. (p. 580) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
The liver is the largest gland in the body and produces a greater variety of digestive enzymes than any other component of the digestive system. (p. 580) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
When bilirubin is bound to plasma albumin, it cannot be excreted in the urine or feces. (p. 581) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
The liver makes plasma globulins, but not immunoglobulins. (p. 583) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
Gallstones are small, hard, mineral deposits made mainly from cholesterol molecules. (p. 583) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
The endocrine components of the pancreas are called acini. (p. 585) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
The pancreas produces the digestive enzymes which complete the final breakdown of carbohydrates and fats. (p. 585) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
Many pancreatic enzymes depend on the enzyme trypsin to activate them upon their arrival in the duodenum. (p. 585) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
Gram for gram, fat has a higher energy content than carbohydrate and accounts for most of the calories in the average American diet. (p. 592) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Starch digestion begins in the mouth. (p. 592) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
The final stage of starch digestion is carried out by pancreatic amylase. (p. 592) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
Protein digestion does not begin until food is moved into the stomach. (p. 592) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Exopeptidases remove amino acids from the two ends of a polypeptide chain, while endopeptidases split peptide chains apart by hydrolyzing amino acids at various points within the chain. (p. 593) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Endopeptidases are components of the pancreatic juice, while exopeptidases are brush border enzymes. (p. 593) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Emulsification is the first step in the hydrolysis (digestion) of dietary lipids. (p. 593) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
Triglycerides do not have to be broken down completely to glycerol and three free fatty acids before the epithelial cells of the small intestine can absorb them. (p. 593) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
Triglycerides are broken apart by hydrolysis in the lumen of the small intestine, but are then reassembled within the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells. (p. 594) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | |
Lipids must be incorporated into chylomicrons in the lumen of the small intestine before they can be absorbed by the intestinal epithelium. (p. 594) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | |
It is desirable for as much of the circulating blood cholesterol as possible to be incorporated into the healthier lipid particles called high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (p. 595) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
The low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) originate in the liver and serve the body cells with endogenously produced triglycerides. (p. 595) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education