Chapter Objectives

After studying this chapter, students should be able to . . .

Compare the structures and pathways of the autonomic system with those involved in the control of skeletal muscle.

Explain how autonomic innervation of involuntary effectors differs from the innervation of skeletal muscle.

Describe the structure and general functions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic system.

Describe the structure and general functions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic system.

List the neurotransmitters of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Describe the structural and functional relationships between the sympathetic system and the adrenal medulla.

Distinguish between the different types of adrenergic receptors and explain the physiological and clinical significance of these receptors.

Explain how the cholinergic receptors are categorized and describe the effects produced by stimulation of these receptors.

Explain the antagonistic, complementary, and cooperative effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on different organs.

Explain how the autonomic system is controlled by the brain.

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