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1 | |
Which statement is not true about catabolic processes? |
| | A) | They break down larger molecules into smaller ones. |
| | B) | They decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. |
| | C) | Water molecules separate bonds, resulting in smaller molecules. |
| | D) | Dehydration synthesis is involved in catabolic processes. |
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2 | |
Enzymes function in chemical reactions to ____________________. |
| | A) | lower the energy of activation needed to start the reaction |
| | B) | act as substrate molecules |
| | C) | prevent the development of metabolic pathways |
| | D) | keep reactants from interacting |
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3 | |
Most of the readily-available energy stored in ATP is stored during the ________________. |
| | A) | decomposition of ATP to ADP |
| | B) | phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP |
| | C) | phosphorylation of AMP to ADP |
| | D) | manufacture of adenosine |
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4 | |
The first several steps of glycolysis are considered the energy-investment steps because ______________. |
| | A) | energy within glucose is expended to start the pathway |
| | B) | energy is stored in the form of ATP and expended later |
| | C) | energy from ATP is transferred to intermediates along the pathway to drive the reactions |
| | D) | metabolic pathways can be interconnected, and glucose could enter more than one pathway |
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5 | |
The steps of glycolysis occur in the ________________, the transition reaction occurs in the _________________, and the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is carried out in the _________________ of the cell. |
| | A) | cytosol; mitochondrion; mitochondrion |
| | B) | cytosol; cytosol; mitochondrion |
| | C) | liver; muscle; stored fat reserves |
| | D) | cytosol; ribosome; mitochondrion |
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6 | |
The acetyl group is transported to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) by what carrier? |
| | A) | mitochondrial inner membrane |
| | B) | FADH2 |
| | C) | coenzyme A |
| | D) | oxaloacetic acid |
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7 | |
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down to ______ molecules of pyruvic acid, _______ hydrogen atoms are released, and there is a net gain of _______ ATP molecules. |
| | A) | 2; 4; 2 |
| | B) | 4; 2; 4 |
| | C) | 4; 8; 32 |
| | D) | 1; 4; 32 |
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8 | |
What occurs during the citric acid cycle? |
| | A) | Glucose is generated. |
| | B) | Electrons are passed along cytochromes. |
| | C) | Carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released, and two molecules of ATP form. |
| | D) | Oxaloacetic acid is regenerated from coenzyme A. |
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9 | |
The purpose of the hydrogen carriers, NADH and FADH2, is to create______________. |
| | A) | hold energy from pyruvate until it can be transferred during the transition reaction |
| | B) | transfer iron to the cytochromes |
| | C) | generate ATP within the mitochondrial matrix |
| | D) | hold energy from the bonds of glucose and carry it to the electron \A D transport chain \MC Molecules of ATP are generated in the electron transport chain by _____________. (pp. 112-113) |
| | E) | anabolic reactions |
| | F) | oxidative phosphorylation |
| | G) | beta oxidation in the mitochondria |
| | H) | reduction of cytochrome oxidase |
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10 | |
One of the consequences of inadequate dietary carbohydrate is breakdown of stored fat and the unhealthy accumulation of ____________. |
| | A) | ketone bodies |
| | B) | glucose in the liver |
| | C) | fatty acid oxidases |
| | D) | glycogen |
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11 | |
Protein molecules can also be used to supply energy for the body, but to do so, proteins must first be stripped of their ____________. |
| | A) | COOH groups |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | -NH2 groups |
| | D) | urea |
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12 | |
Metabolic pathways are regulated by a(n) ____________ enzyme, which is also often the first enzyme in a series. |
| | A) | activating |
| | B) | rate-limiting |
| | C) | accelerating |
| | D) | threshold |
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13 | |
A genetic mutation refers to _________________. |
| | A) | a missing chromosome only |
| | B) | a missing or altered nucleotide base or a missing gene |
| | C) | an effect that is deleterious only |
| | D) | an effect that is beneficial, at least most of the time |
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14 | |
The process of copying DNA to be used in protein synthesis is called __________ and occurs ______________. |
| | A) | translation; with ribosomes |
| | B) | complementary pairing; in the cytoplasm |
| | C) | DNA replication; with codons and anticodons |
| | D) | Transcription; in the nucleus |
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15 | |
Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction? |
| | A) | synthesis of cholesterol |
| | B) | production of ketones |
| | C) | hydrolysis of proteins |
| | D) | dehydration reactions involving monosaccharides |
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16 | |
The molecule that an enzymes reacts with is called its _____. |
| | A) | coenzyme |
| | B) | cofactor |
| | C) | metabolic pathway |
| | D) | substrate |
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17 | |
Which of the following terms incudes all of the others? |
| | A) | coenzyme |
| | B) | cofactor |
| | C) | enzyme |
| | D) | protein |
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18 | |
What is the combination of the five carbon sugar and the nitrogenous base called in ATP? |
| | A) | ribose |
| | B) | adenine |
| | C) | adenosine diphosphate |
| | D) | adenosine |
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19 | |
If sufficient oxygen within a cell were available, what would be the end product of glycolysis? |
| | A) | pyruvic acid |
| | B) | lactic acid |
| | C) | phosphoenolpyruvate |
| | D) | glucose-6-phosphate |
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20 | |
What are the direct end products of the Citric Acid Cycle? |
| | A) | carbon dioxide and water |
| | B) | ATP and acetyl-coenzyme-A |
| | C) | ADP and heat |
| | D) | citric acid |
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21 | |
What are the final end products of the electron transport chain? |
| | A) | ATP and NADH |
| | B) | ATP and water |
| | C) | ADP and hydrogen |
| | D) | ATP oxygen |
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22 | |
Which molecule represents the storage form of glucose in the liver? |
| | A) | glycogen |
| | B) | glucagon |
| | C) | disaccharide |
| | D) | lactic acid |
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23 | |
Which reaction must occur before a triglyceride is to be used for energy? |
| | A) | beta oxidation |
| | B) | hydrolysis |
| | C) | glycolysis |
| | D) | liponeogenesis |
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24 | |
Potentially life-threatening ketone bodies are the result of ______metabolism. |
| | A) | lipid |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | carbohydrate |
| | D) | cholesterol |
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25 | |
The first step in the utilization of proteins for energy is ________which occurs in the liver. |
| | A) | beta oxidation |
| | B) | deamination |
| | C) | hydrolysis |
| | D) | amino acid synthesis |
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26 | |
Genes are functional regions found within molecules of ______. |
| | A) | ribonucleic acid |
| | B) | adenosinetriphosphate |
| | C) | adenine and guanine |
| | D) | deoxyribonucleic acid |
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27 | |
Which of the following is not a compatible base pairing in DNA? |
| | A) | adenine-uracil |
| | B) | adenine-thymine |
| | C) | cytosine-guanine |
| | D) | guanine-cytosine |
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28 | |
The production of mRNA from a DNA template is termed _____. |
| | A) | transcription |
| | B) | translation |
| | C) | replication |
| | D) | mutation |
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29 | |
The base sequence termed the anticodon is found on molecules of _______. |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | tRNA |
| | C) | mRNA |
| | D) | rRNA |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education