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| 1 | |
Which of the following is not true in relation to disorders of childhood? |
| | A) | Early behaviour problems are not a good predictor of later outcomes. |
| | B) | Overall, most children are inherently resilient to environmental stresses. |
| | C) | Environmental risk factors often have an effect through the parent–child relationship. |
| | D) | Whether a child develops a psychological disorder is affected by the balance of risk factors and protective factors in their life. |
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| 2 | |
Nelson, aged 5, has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. Which of the following is the most likely sequence of factors leading to this disorder? |
| | A) | Difficult temperament, callous-unemotional traits, difficulties understanding social cues |
| | B) | Authoritarian parenting, low socioeconomic status, poor problem solving |
| | C) | Elevated androgen levels, difficult temperament, punitive parenting practices |
| | D) | Difficulties understanding social cues, parental criticism, low cortisol levels |
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| 3 | |
Joe has difficulty inhibiting his responses on the 'Stop Task'. The best explanation for this is: |
| | A) | he has ADHD. |
| | B) | he has autonomic under-arousal. |
| | C) | he has executive functioning deficits. |
| | D) | he has lower response to reinforcement. |
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| 4 | |
Keith was not allowed to watch his favourite television program as a consequence of fighting with his brother. This is an example of: |
| | A) | time out. |
| | B) | response cost. |
| | C) | quiet time. |
| | D) | planned ignoring. |
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| 5 | |
Emilia, aged 8, gets very distressed when her mother goes out and she worries that something bad will happen to her mother. Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | It is not important to intervene as separation anxiety is normal in children this age. |
| | B) | Early treatment of separation anxiety disorder is important because the disorder is associated with the risk of comorbid disorders. |
| | C) | Because separation anxiety disorder is largely determined by genetic factors, it is not possible to treat. |
| | D) | The treatment of choice would be psychoeducation with Emilia's mother about how her behaviour contributes to her child's anxiety. |
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| 6 | |
To be diagnosed with a reading disorder, a child must have difficulties in reading accuracy and comprehension that: |
| | A) | may be attributable to low intelligence |
| | B) | are unexpected for the child's age, intelligence and educational opportunities. |
| | C) | may be explained by lack of educational opportunities or socio-economic disadvantage. |
| | D) | are caused by sensory impairments or general developmental delay. |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is not true in relation to the long-term outcomes of children with autistic disorder? |
| | A) | Early intervention is important to ensure the best outcome possible. |
| | B) | Children who acquire language skills prior to age 6 tend to have better outcomes. |
| | C) | Having an IQ above 50 is associated with poorer outcomes. |
| | D) | Approximately 75% of children with autism are not able to live independently as adults. |
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| 8 | |
A parent wants to know the most likely cause of their child having autistic disorder. The best response is: |
| | A) | autism is caused by a single, specific genetic deficit. |
| | B) | autism is often caused by the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. |
| | C) | autism is usually caused by lack of emotional support from carers. |
| | D) | autism is caused by biological factors. |
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| 9 | |
The effectiveness of the 'bell and pad' intervention for enuresis is based on the behavioural principle that: |
| | A) | the child learns bladder control to avoid the aversive situation of being woken by the alarm. |
| | B) | the child is rewarded by the sound of the alarm. |
| | C) | the alarm functions as a conditioned stimulus. |
| | D) | the alarm is classically conditioned to the aversive experience of wet bed sheets. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following statements is true about the causes of intellectual disability? |
| | A) | There is almost always a known cause of mild intellectual disability. |
| | B) | Moderate intellectual disability is almost always caused by a neurological condition. |
| | C) | Prenatal causes of intellectual disability are out of the control of the mother. |
| | D) | Intellectual disability can be caused by prenatal and postnatal factors. |
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