McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Students Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
View Chapters Not Printed
Animations Exercises
Biocourse.com
Boxed Readings
Career Opportunities
Chapter Outline
Cladistics Exercise
Essential Study Partner
Flashcards
Online Quizzing
Related Titles of Interest
Related Web Links
Suggested Readings
Zoology Lab Correlations
Feedback
Help Center


Zoology, 5/e
Stephen A. Miller, College of the Ozarks
John B. Harley, Eastern Kentucky University

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Multiple Response Quiz



1

For an aquatic animal, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water may determine where the animal can live. For this animal, dissolved oxygen is a/an
A)tolerance factor.
B)acclimator.
C)limiting factor.
D)optimum factor.
2

For an aquatic animal, the range of values for dissolved oxygen that will support life is called the
A)range of optimum.
B)tolerance range.
C)existence range.
D)home range.
3

All of the following contribute to the energy budget of an animal except one. Select the exception.
A)existence energy--the energy it takes to survive
B)resistance energy--the energy it takes to resist change in the environment
C)productive energy--the energy it takes to grow and reproduce
D)excretory energy--the energy lost through feces and excretion
4

Human populations in developed countries display type ______ survivorship curves.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
5

Which of the following sequences illustrate exponential growth?
A)2--->4--->6--->8
B)2--->3--->4--->5
C)2--->4--->8--->16
D)2--->4--->10--->25
6

Evolution in which each of two species exerts a strong influence on the other species is called
A)contingency.
B)parallel evolution.
C)coevolution.
D)convergent evolution.
7

A symbiotic relationship in which one member of a relationship benefits and the second member is neither helped nor harmed is
A)mutualism.
B)commensalism.
C)parasitism.
D)predation.
8

The population size a particular environment can support is called the environment's
A)environmental resistance.
B)population structure.
C)biotic potential.
D)carrying capacity.
9

Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration?
A)one butterfly species resembling another distasteful species
B)the stripes on a zebra
C)the stripes on a tiger
D)the contrasting color pattern of a skunk
10

When two organisms live in close association and both organisms benefit from the association, the relationship is
A)mutualism.
B)parasitism.
C)commensalism.
D)mimicry.
11

Populations that are prevented from achieving their carrying capacity and that tend to grow rapidly when conditions are favorable are said to be
A)K selected.
B)r selected.
C)density dependent.
D)resistant.
12

Two male redwing blackbirds are competing for a breeding territory and female redwings. This example depicts
A)interspecific competition.
B)intraspecific competition.
C)coevolution.
D)competitive exclusion.
13

The capacity of a population to increase maximally is called its
A)carrying capacity.
B)biotic potential.
C)growth limit.
D)survivorship potential.
14

Most natural populations exhibit type _______ population growth.
A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV
15

All populations living in an area make up a/an
A)community ecosystem.
B)community.
C)habitat.
D)niche.
16

A community and its physical surroundings make up a/an
A)biome.
B)ecosystem.
C)habitat.
D)niche.
17

The dominant members of a community often change the community in predictable ways in a process called
A)spatial structuring.
B)temporal structuring.
C)dispersal.
D)succession.
18

The final community in a sere is called the
A)climax community.
B)primary community.
C)secondary community.
D)sere.
19

The first trophic level of an ecosystem is made up of
A)free organic molecules.
B)decomposers.
C)consumers.
D)producers.
20

The ______ of a species includes all the attributes of its lifestyle.
A)niche
B)habitat
C)range
D)diversity
21

Overall, about ______ percent of the food consumed at one trophic level is converted into new biomass.
A)5
B)10
C)20
D)60
22

Assuming that 1,000 units of energy are available at the producer level of a stream ecosystem, how many units of energy would be available in the fourth trophic level (e.g., leaf material--->mayfly--->stonefly--->small mouth bass):
A)0.1 unit
B)1 unit
C)10 units
D)100 units
23

All of the following statements regarding energy in ecosystems are true except one. Select the exception
A)Most energy at one trophic level is eventually radiated into the outer atmosphere as heat and will never be reused.
B)An ecosystem can support more biomass at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels.
C)Larger populations can be supported if organisms feed at lower trophic levels.
D)Consumption is never 100 percent efficient.
24

Nitrogen in nitrites and nitrates can be returned to the air as gaseous nitrogen by
A)nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
B)nitrification of ammonia.
C)chemolithoautotrophy.
D)denitrifying bacteria.
25

The nonliving reservoir for nitrogen in a terrestrial ecosystem is/are
A)gaseous nitrogen in the atmosphere.
B)dead animals and plants.
C)nitrogen dissolved in water of the oceans.
D)bedrock.
26

The nonliving reservoir for elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, and calcium is/are
A)the atmosphere.
B)bones.
C)ocean water.
D)the earth (soil, rocks, etc.).
27

All of the following are true of the carbon cycle except one. Select the exception
A)Most carbon is incorporated into living tissues by photosynthesis.
B)Combustion of fossil fuels returns carbon to the atmosphere.
C)The rate at which carbon has been accumulating in the atmosphere has been decreasing dramatically in the last 50 years.
D)Carbon is rarely a limiting factor for animals.
28

The variety of living organisms in an ecosystem is called
A)ecological variation.
B)ecosystem strength.
C)biodiversity.
D)ecosystem wealth.
29

Biological magnification refers to the
A)diversity of plants and animals in an ecosystem.
B)increase in energy present in higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.
C)increase in numbers of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.
D)concentration of matter in tissues of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.
30

Change in the tolerance range of an animal for some environmental factor is termed acclimation.
A)True
B)False
31

Aestivation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperature during daily activity cycles, during the summer or hot, dry time of the year.
A)True
B)False
32

Hibernation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperatures that may last for weeks or months and occurs in mammals such as rodents, bats, and bears, during cold periods.
A)True
B)False
33

Populations of animals with little parental care of young, short life spans, large numbers of offspring, and uncrowded living conditions are usually K-selected populations.
A)True
B)False
34

The competitive exclusion principle states that two species with exactly the same requirements for food, habitat, nest sites, and other conditions of life cannot coexist.
A)True
B)False
35

A type of camouflage that occurs when an animal takes on the color patterns in its environment to blend in with the surroundings is called countershading.
A)True
B)False
36

A host that harbors the adult stage of a parasite is called the definitive host.
A)True
B)False
37

As animal body size increases metabolic rate, expressed as milliliters of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight per hour, decreases.
A)True
B)False
38

Photoperiod, the length of the light period in a 24-hour day, is used by many animals as an index of seasonal change. It also influences daily changes in activity, which are called circadian rhythms.
A)True
B)False
39

The removal of a keystone species in an ecosystem could cause the death of many dependent species.
A)True
B)False
40

In the carbon cycle, respiration returns carbon to its reservoir in the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
41

The tundra is a biome characterized by cool summers, cold winters, short growing seasons, and moderate precipitation. Plants characteristic of the tundra include spruce, fir, and pine trees. Animals characteristic of the tundra include snowshoe hares, wolves, caribou, and moose.
A)True
B)False
42

Chaparral is a relatively dry biome. Plants are low and shrubby and have tough waxy leaves. Animals include insects, rodents, rabbits, lizards, and mule deer. Fire is an important regulator of these populations.
A)True
B)False
43

Lentic ecosystems include brooks, streams, and rivers in which water is flowing.
A)True
B)False
44

Neritic ecosystems extend from the continental shelves into the relatively unproductive open ocean. The majority of the primary production here occurs in the upper waters, a region called the photic zone.
A)True
B)False
45

The age pyramid of a developing country (e.g., India) has a very wide base with large numbers of individuals in the youngest age groups.
A)True
B)False
46

The current U.S. population is about 265 million, and it continues to grow because of an increasing birth rate.
A)True
B)False
47

The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer and an increased risk of skin cancer.
A)True
B)False