Fundamentals of Electric Circuits,Third Edition (SIE)
Charles Alexander,
Cleveland State University Matthew Sadiku,
Prairie View A&M University
ISBN: 0070648034 Copyright year: 2007
Preface
You may be wondering why we chose the NASCAR photo for the cover. We actually chose it for several reasons. Obviously, it is very exciting, in fact, we tried to have McGraw-Hill modify the car in the lead to have a McGraw-Hill logo on it and “Alexander and Sadiku,” on the side of the car! Another, but not so obvious, reason is that half the cost of a new car is in its electronics (circuits!). But the most important reason is that a winning car needs a “team” to make it happen! And, working together as a team is very important to the successful engineer and something we strongly encourage in this text.
FEATURES
Retained from Previous Editions
The main objective of the third edition of this book remains the same as in the first and second editions—to present circuit analysis in a manner that is clearer, more interesting, easier to understand than other texts, and to assist the student in beginning to see the “fun” in engineering. This objective is achieved in the following ways:
Chapter Openers and Summaries
Each chapter opens with a discussion about how to enhance skills that contribute to successful problem solving as well as successful careers or a career-oriented talk on a sub-discipline of electrical engineering. This is followed by an introduction that links the chapter with the previous chapters and states the chapter objectives. The chapter ends with a summary of key points and formulas.
Problem Solving Methodology
Chapter 1 introduces a six-step method for solving circuits problems that is used consistently throughout the book and media supplements to promote sound problem solving practices.
Student Friendly Writing Style
All principles are presented in a lucid, logical, step-by-step manner. As much as possible, we avoid wordiness and giving too much detail that could hide concepts and impede overall understanding of the material.
Boxed Formulas and Key Terms
Important formulas are boxed as a means of helping students sort out what is essential from what is not. Also, to ensure that students clearly understand the key elements of the subject matter, key terms are defined and highlighted.
Margin Notes
Marginal notes are used as a pedagogical aid. They serve multiple uses as hints, cross-references, more exposition, warnings, reminders not to make some particular common mistakes, and problem-solving insights.
Worked Examples
Thoroughly worked examples are liberally given at the end of every section. The examples are regarded as a part of the text and are clearly explained without asking the reader to fill in missing steps. Thoroughly worked examples give students a good understanding of the solution process and the confidence to solve problems themselves. Some of the problems are solved in two or three different ways to facilitate a substantial comprehension of the subject material as well as a comparison of different approaches.
Practice Problems
To give students practice opportunity, each illustrative example is immediately followed by a practice problem with the answer. The students can follow the example step by step to aid in the solution of the practice problem without flipping pages or looking at the end of the book for answers. The practice problem is also intended to test if students understand the preceding example. It will reinforce their grasp of the material before they move on to the next section. Complete solutions to the practice problems are available to students on the Online Learning Center (OLC).
Application Sections
The last section in each chapter is devoted to practical application aspects of the concepts covered in the chapter. The material covered in the chapter is applied to at least one or two practical problems or devices. This helps the students see how the concepts are applied to real-life situations.
Review Questions
Ten review questions in the form of multiple-choice objective items are provided at the end of each chapter with answers. The review questions are intended to cover the little “tricks” which the examples and end-of-chapter problems may not cover. They serve as a self-test device and help students determine how well they have mastered the chapter.
Computer Tools
In recognition of the requirements by ABET on integrating computer tools, the use of PSpice, MATLAB, and KCIDE for Circuits are encouraged in a student-friendly manner. PSpice is covered early on the text so that students can become familiar and use it throughout the text.
KCIDE for Circuits is new to this text. It is a brand new, state-of-the-art software system designed to help the student maximize their chance of success in problem solving. It is introduced in Appendix D.
Historical Tidbits
Historical sketches throughout the text provide profiles of important pioneers and events relevant to the study of electrical engineering.
Early Op Amp Discussion
The operational amplifier (op amp) as a basic element is introduced early in text.
Fourier and Laplace Transforms Coverage
To ease the transition between the circuit course and signals and systems courses, Fourier and Laplace transforms are covered lucidly and thoroughly. The chapters are developed in a manner that the interested instructor can go from solutions of first order circuits to Chapter 15. This then allows a very natural progression from Laplace to Fourier to AC.
New to this Edition
A course in circuit analysis is perhaps the first exposure students have to electrical engineering. We have included several new features to help students feel at home with the subject.
Extended Examples
Examples worked in detail according to the six-step problem solving method provide a roadmap for students to solve problems in a consistent fashion. At least one example in each chapter is developed in this manner.
EC 2000 Chapter Openers
Based on ABET’s new skill-based CRITERION 3, these chapter openers are devoted to discussions as to how students can acquire the skills that will lead to a significantly enhanced career as an engineer. Because these skills are so very important to the student while in college as well as in their career, we will use the heading, “Enhancing your Skills and your Career.”
Homework Problems
Over 300 new end of chapter problems provide students with plenty of practice as well as reinforce key concepts.
Homework Problem Icons
Icons are used to highlight problems that relate to engineering design as well as problems that can be solved using PSpice or MATLAB.
KCIDE for Circuits Appendix D
A new Appendix D provides a tutorial on the Knowledge Capturing Integrated Design Environment (KCIDE for Circuits) software, available at the Online Learning Center (OLC).
ORGANIZATION
This book was written for a two-semester or three-quarter course in linear circuit analysis. The book may also be used for a one-semester course by a proper selection of chapters and sections by the instructor. It is broadly divided into three parts.
Part 1, consisting of Chapters 1 to 8, is devoted to dc circuits. It covers the fundamental laws and theorems, circuits techniques, and passive and active elements.
Part 2 which contains Chapter 9 to 14, deals with ac circuits. It introduces phasors, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, as power, rms values, three-phase systems, and frequency response.
Part 3, consisting of Chapters 15 to 19, is devoted to advanced techniques for network analysis. It provides students with a solid introduction to the Laplace transform, Fourier series, Fourier transform, and two-port network analysis.
The material in three parts is more than sufficient for a two- semester course, so the instructor must select which chapters or sections to cover. Sections marked with the dagger sign ( ) may be skipped, explained briefly, or assigned as homework. They can be omitted without loss of continuity. Each chapter has plenty of problems grouped according to the sections of the related material and diverse enough that the instructor can choose some as examples and assign some as homework.
As stated earlier, we are using three icons with this edition. We are using (insert PSpice icon) to denote problems that either require PSpice in the solution process, where the circuit complexity is such that PSpice would make the solution process easier, and where PSpice makes a good check to see if the problem has been solved correctly. We are using (insert MATLAB icon) to denote problems where MATLAB is required in the solution process, where MATLAB makes sense because of the problem makeup and its complexity, and where MATLAB makes a good check to see if the problem has been solved correctly. Finally, we use (insert design icon) to identify problems that help the student develop skills that are needed for engineering design. More difficult problems are marked with an asterisk (*). Comprehensive problems follow the end-of-chapter problems. They are mostly applications problems which require skills learned from that particular chapter.
PREREQUISITES
As with most introductory circuit courses, the main prerequisites, for a course using the text, are physics and calculus. Although familiarity with complex numbers is helpful in the later part of the book, it is not required. A very important asset of this text is that ALL the mathematical equations and fundamentals of physics needed by the student, are included in the text.
SUPPLEMENTS
Knowledge Capturing Integrated Design Environment for Circuits (KCIDE for Circuits) This new software, developed at Cleveland State University and funded by NASA, is designed to help the student work through a circuits problem in an organized manner using the six-step problem solving methodology in the text. KCIDE for Circuits allows students to work a circuit problem in PSpice and MATLAB, track the evolution of their solution, and save a record of their process for future reference. In addition, the software automatically generates a Word document and/or a PowerPoint presentation. Appendix D contains a description of how to use the software.
Although the textbook is meant to be self-explanatory and act as a tutor for the student, the personal contact in teaching is not forgotten. It is hoped that the book and supplemental materials supply the instructor with all the pedagogical tools necessary to effectively present the material.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our appreciation for the loving support we have received from our wives (Hannah and Kikelomo), daughters (Christina, Tamara, Jennifer, Motunrayo, Ann, and Joyce,), son (Baixi), and our extended family members.
At McGraw-Hill, we would like to thank the following editorial and production staff: Suzanne Jeans, publisher; Michael Hackett, senior sponsoring editor; Michelle Flomenhoft and Katie White, developmental editors; Peggy Lucas and Joyce Watters, project managers; Carrie Burger, photo researcher; and Rick Noel, designer; as well as freelancers Pamela Carley and George Watson, and Vijay Kataria of The GTS Companies. Also, we appreciate the hard work of Tom Hartley at the University of Akron for his very detailed evaluation of various elements of the text.
We wish to thank Yongjian Fu and his outstanding team of students Bramarambha Elka and Saravaran Chinniah for their efforts in the development of KCIDE for Circuits. Their efforts to help us continue to improve this software are also appreciated.
The third edition has benefited greatly from the following reviewers and symposium attendees (in alphabetical order):
Jean Andrian, Florida International University
Jorge Aravena, Louisiana State University
Les Axelrod, Illinois Institute of Technology
Alok Berry, George Mason University
Tom Brewer, Georgia Institute of Technology
Susan Burkett, University of Arkansas
Rich Christie, University of Washington
Arunsi Chuku, Tuskegee University
Thomas Cleaver, University of Louisville
Randy Collins, Clemson University
David Dietz, University of New Mexico
Bill Diong, The University of Texas at El Paso
Shervin Erfani, University of Windsor
Alan Felzer, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Bob Grondin, Arizona State University
Bob Hendricks, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Sheila Horan, New Mexico State University
Hans Kuehl, University of Southern California
Jack Lee, University of Texas, Austin
Long Lee, San Diego State University
Sam Lee, University of Oklahoma
Jia Grace Lu, University of California, Irvine
Hamid Majlesein, Southern University & A&M College
Frank Merat, Case Western Reserve University
Shayan Mookherjea, University of California, San Diego
Mahmoud Nahvi, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Scott Norr, University of Minnesota, Duluth
Barbara Oakley, Oakland University
Tamara Papalias, San Jose State University
Owe Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering
Craig Petrie, Brigham Young University
Michael Polis, Oakland University
Aleksandar Prodic, University of Toronto
Ceon Ramon, University of Washington
Prentiss Robinson, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Raghu Settaluri, Oregon State University
Marwan Simaan, University of Pittsburgh
Robin Strickland, University of Arizona
Kalpathy Sundaram, University of Central Florida
Russell Tatro, California State University
Xiao Bang Xu, Clemson University
Likewise, we would like to thank the reviewers of previous editions who have contributed to the book’s success thus far.
Bogdan Adamczyk, Grand Valley State University
Keyvan Ahdut, University of the District of Columbia
Hamid Allamehzadeh, Eastern New Mexico University
Jorge L. Aravena, Louisiana State University
Idir Azouz, Southern Utah University
John A. Bloom, Biola University
Kiron C. Bordoloi, University of Louisville
James H. Burghart, Cleveland State University
Phil Burton, University of Limerick
Edward W. Chandler, Milwaukee School of Engineering
Amit Chatterjea, Purdue University, Fort Wayne
Erik Cheever, Swarthmore College
Fow-Sen Choa, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Chiu H. Choi, University of North Florida
Thomas G. Cleaver, University of Louisville
Michael J. Cloud, Lawrence Technological University
Mehmet Cultu, Gannon University
Saswati Datta, University of Maryland Baltimore County
Mohamed K. Darwish, Brunel University (United Kingdom)
Shirshak Dhali, Southern Illinois University
Kevin D. Donohue, University of Kentucky
Fred Dreyfus, Pace University
Amelito G. Enriquez, Cañada College
Ali Eydgahi, University of Maryland Eastern Shore
Gary K. Fedder, Carnegie Mellon University
Cynthia J. Finelli, Kettering University
Rob Frohne, Walla Walla College
Andreas Fuchs, Pennsylvania State University Erie
Tayeb A. Giuma, University of North Florida
Chandrakanth H. Gowda, Tuskegee University
Duane Hanselman, University of Maine
Reza Hashemian, Northern Illinois University
Hassan Hassan, Lawrence Technological University
Rod Heisler, Walla Walla College
Amelito G. Henriquez, University of New Orleans
H. Randolph Holt, Northern Kentucky University
Reza Iravani, University of Toronto
Richard Johnston, Lawrence Technological University
William K. Kennedy, University of Canterbury (New Zealand)
Albert M. Knebel, Monroe Community College
William B. Kolasa, Lawrence Technological University
Roger A. Kuntz, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College
Sharad R. Laxpati, University of Illinois at Chicago
Choon Sae Lee, Southern Methodist University
Venus Limcharoen, Thammasat University
Bin-Da Lio, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Joseph L. LoCicero, Illinois Institute of Technology
Emeka V. Maduike, New York Institute of Technology
Claire L. McCullough, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
Jose' Medina, State University of New York, College of Technology at Delhi
Damon Miller, Western Michigan University
Martin Mintchev, University of Calgary
Philip C. Munro, Youngstown State University
Sarhan M. Musa, Prairie View A&M University
Ahmad Nafisi, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Nader Namazi, The Catholic University of America
Sudarshan Rao Nelatury, Villanova University
Habib Rahman, Saint Louis University
V. Rajaravivarma, Central Connecticut State University
Hadi Saadat, Milwaukee School of Engineering
Robert W. Sherwood, Germanna Community College
Elisa H. Barney Smith, Boise State University
Terry L. Speicher, Pennsylvania State University
James C. Squire, Virginia Military Institute
David W. Sukow, Washington and Lee University
Fred Terry, Christian Brother University
Les Thede, Ohio Northern University
Constantine Vassiliadis, Ohio University
Sam Villareal, The University of Texas at Dallas
Promos Vohra, Northern Illinois University
Chia-Jiu Wang, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
Xingwu Wang, Alfred University
Sandra A. Yost, University of Detroit, Mercy
Hewlon Zimmer, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
Finally, we appreciate the feedback received from instructors and students who used the previous editions. We want this to continue; so please keep sending us emails or direct them to the publisher. We can be reached at c.alexander@ieee.org for Charles Alexander and sadiku@ieee.org for Matthew Sadiku.
The file above is a PDF (Portable Document Format) document. You will need either Adobe Acrobat or its Reader to view it. The Adobe Acrobat Reader may be downloaded from the Adobe web
site for free.
Preface
(72.0K)
2007
Tata McGraw-Hill