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| 1 | |
The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period: |
| | A) | of confusion during which youth are choosing between attachment and autonomy. |
| | B) | when adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be. |
| | C) | when adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or occupations. |
| | D) | of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short time and determines an adolescent's identity status. |
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| 2 | |
The term that James Marcia uses to refer to the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do is: |
| | A) | value. |
| | B) | desire. |
| | C) | commitment. |
| | D) | involvement. |
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| 3 | |
Asked whether they ever had doubts about their religion, four students gave the following answers. Which of these students has arrived at identity achievement? |
| | A) | Kristin: "Oh, I don't know. It really doesn't bother me. I figure one's about as good as another." |
| | B) | Joe: "No, not really. Our family is pretty much in agreement about these things." |
| | C) | Alicia: "Yes, I guess I'm going through that right now. How can there be a god with so much evil in the world?" |
| | D) | Phil: "Yeah, I even started wondering if God existed. I've pretty much resolved that by now, though." |
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| 4 | |
A high school student who has explored all potential employment and educational options and has chosen to attend the college near home is experiencing identity: |
| | A) | achievement. |
| | B) | moratorium. |
| | C) | foreclosure. |
| | D) | diffusion. |
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| 5 | |
Individuals who develop positive identities often follow what are called __________ cycles. |
| | A) | "PAPA" |
| | B) | "MAMA" |
| | C) | life |
| | D) | spiraling |
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| 6 | |
Authoritarian parents are most likely to have adolescents experiencing identity: |
| | A) | achievement. |
| | B) | moratorium. |
| | C) | foreclosure. |
| | D) | diffusion. |
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| 7 | |
Jessica's parents have never "forced" their opinions on her, and have always allowed her to try anything she wanted to because they did not want to put any limits on her development. Based on the research, we would expect Jessica to experience identity: |
| | A) | achievement. |
| | B) | moratorium. |
| | C) | foreclosure. |
| | D) | diffusion. |
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| 8 | |
According to Cooper and Grotevant (1989), both __________ are important in the adolescent's identity development. |
| | A) | separation and conflict |
| | B) | individuality and connectedness |
| | C) | obedience and self-regulation |
| | D) | family and peer relations |
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| 9 | |
Most individuals from ethnic minorities first consciously confront their ethnicity in: |
| | A) | early childhood. |
| | B) | middle childhood. |
| | C) | adolescence. |
| | D) | young adulthood. |
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| 10 | |
Jean Phinney (1996) defined __________ as an enduring, basic aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership. |
| | A) | ethnicity |
| | B) | nationality |
| | C) | culture |
| | D) | ethnic identity |
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| 11 | |
Immigrant youth, as compared to Canadian-born youth, have all the following characteristics EXCEPT: |
| | A) | they are less likely to drink and smoke. |
| | B) | they are less likely to be religious. |
| | C) | they spend more time doing homework. |
| | D) | the teenage girls rarely have sex. |
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| 12 | |
When investigating gender and identity development, Gilligan (1990) found that: |
| | A) | relationships and emotional bonds are more important concerns of females, while autonomy and achievement are more important concerns of males. |
| | B) | relationships and emotional bonds are more important concerns of males, while autonomy and achievement are more important concerns of females. |
| | C) | the differences in focus toward relationships and autonomy that were noted by Erikson are now so minimal that they barely exist today. |
| | D) | because of the women's liberation movement, males and females are now both focusing more on relationships and emotional bonds than on autonomy and achievement. |
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| 13 | |
Parents who want their adolescents to make a smooth transition into adulthood should: |
| | A) | relinquish control in all areas and let the adolescent take over. |
| | B) | maintain control in as many areas as possible for as long as possible. |
| | C) | relinquish control in areas where the adolescent has shown competence and maintain control in those areas where the adolescent's knowledge is limited. |
| | D) | maintain control of issues dealing with family and relinquish control for those issues having to do with peer relations. |
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| 14 | |
Talia, age 16, has a secure attachment with her parents. One might expect that she will: |
| | A) | have trouble breaking away from her parents to form peer relationships. |
| | B) | tend to be more dependent in her relationship with her best friend. |
| | C) | have a lower sense of her self-worth. |
| | D) | have better relations with her peers than her insecurely attached counterparts. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following best characterizes the new model of parent-adolescent relationships? |
| | A) | As adolescents mature, they detach from parents and move into a world of autonomy away from parents. |
| | B) | Parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful for most of the adolescent period. |
| | C) | Even everyday negotiations and minor disputes between parents and adolescents are harmful to developmental functions. |
| | D) | Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems. |
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| 16 | |
Cross-cultural research on parent-adolescent relationships in India conducted by Reed Larson (1999) shows that: |
| | A) | there is a process of breaking away from parents. |
| | B) | there is a lot of conflict between parents and their adolescents. |
| | C) | adolescents usually choose their own marital partners. |
| | D) | parents generally use an authoritarian parenting style. |
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| 17 | |
Children's groups differ from those formed by adolescents in that children's groups: |
| | A) | are more informal. |
| | B) | rely more on the leaders of the groups. |
| | C) | have more interests in common. |
| | D) | include a greater diversity of individuals. |
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| 18 | |
Research by Harry Stack Sullivan (1953) suggests that: |
| | A) | adolescents who do not have close friendships experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth. |
| | B) | adolescents depend more on their parents than on their friends for a sense of self-worth. |
| | C) | adolescents with no close friends learn to develop a sense of autonomy. |
| | D) | as adolescents get older, they begin to spend as much time with their friends as with their parents. |
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| 19 | |
In their early romantic relationships, many adolescents are interested in all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | fulfilling attachment and sexual needs. |
| | B) | exploring how attractive they are. |
| | C) | learning how they should interact romantically with someone. |
| | D) | finding out how their behaviour is viewed by their peer group. |
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| 20 | |
The cognitive models that guide individuals' dating interactions are called: |
| | A) | dating experiences. |
| | B) | romantic relationships. |
| | C) | dating scripts. |
| | D) | romantic interactions. |
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| 21 | |
A ceremony that marks an individual's transition from one status to another (such as adolescence to adulthood) is called a: |
| | A) | rite of passage. |
| | B) | transitory stage. |
| | C) | period of transition. |
| | D) | ritualistic transition. |
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| 22 | |
Which of the following is true regarding the rite of passage from adolescence to adulthood in Canadian culture? |
| | A) | There are Canadian ceremonies to facilitate separation from the immediate family. |
| | B) | There is an abrupt entry into adulthood in Canadian culture. |
| | C) | There is an elaborate ceremony to signal achievements of adult status. |
| | D) | No specific universal event marks the end of adolescence in Canadian culture. |
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| 23 | |
One of the major limitations of studies on the effects of ethnicity is that __________ may play a larger causal role than ethnic heritage, but it is difficult to tease the two variables apart. |
| | A) | race |
| | B) | innate physical variation |
| | C) | socioeconomic status |
| | D) | language |
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| 24 | |
Multiculturalism is defined as: |
| | A) | the coexistence of distinct ethnic and cultural groups in the same society. |
| | B) | the absorption of immigrant groups into the dominant group. |
| | C) | the homogeneity of ethnic minority groups. |
| | D) | adapting to the values, attitudes, and stresses of a particular culture. |
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| 25 | |
According to the McCreary Centre Society in Vancouver, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of street youth? |
| | A) | They have at sometime experienced physical or sexual abuse. |
| | B) | They have run away or been kicked out of home. |
| | C) | They frequently have addiction problems. |
| | D) | They engage in risky behaviours that began in their teenage years. |
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