accommodation | In Piaget's theory, an individual's adjustment to new information.
(See page(s) 47)
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assimilation | In Piaget's theory, an individual's incorporation of new information into her or his existing knowledge.
(See page(s) 47)
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behavioural and social cognitive approach | The theory that behaviour, environment, and person/cognitive factors are important in understanding development.
(See page(s) 52)
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bio-ecological approach | Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems theory that focuses on five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
(See page(s) 59)
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congruence | The relationship between a person's ideal self and real self as determined by self-selected descriptors.
(See page(s) 56)
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eclectic theoretical orientation | An orientation that does not follow any one theoretical approach but, rather, selects from each theory whatever is considered its best features.
(See page(s) 61)
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Erikson's theory | Eight stages of psychosocial development unfold throughout the human life span. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced.
(See page(s) 44)
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ethology | An approach that stresses that behaviour is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.
(See page(s) 54)
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humanists | Psychologists who believe people work hard to become the best they could possibly become.
(See page(s) 56)
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incongruity | The gap between the real self (the "I am") and the ideal self (the "I should be").
(See page(s) 57)
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information-processing approach | The approach that emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. Central to information processing are the processes of memory and thinking.
(See page(s) 50)
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Piaget's theory | Children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.
(See page(s) 47)
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psychoanalytic approach | Development is primarily unconscious and heavily coloured by emotion. Behaviour is merely a surface characteristic. It is important to analyze the symbolic meanings of behaviour. Early experience is important to development.
(See page(s) 42)
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Vygotsky's theory | A socio-cultural cognitive theory that emphasizes developmental analysis, the role of language, and social relations.
(See page(s) 50)
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