| action learning | Occurs when employees,usually in teams, investigate andapply solutions to a situation that isboth real and complex, with immediaterelevance to the company.
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| attribution process | The perceptualprocess of deciding whether an observedbehaviour or event is caused largely byinternal or by external factors.
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| Behaviour modification | A theorythat explains learning in terms of theantecedents and consequences ofbehaviour.
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| Ccategorical thinking | The mostlyunconscious process of organizing peopleand objects into preconceived categoriesthat are stored in our long-termmemory.
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| extinction | Occurs when the targetbehaviour decreases because no consequencefollows it.
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| fundamental attribution error | Thetendency to attribute the behaviour ofother people more to internal than toexternal factors.
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| halo effect | A perceptual error wherebyour general impression of a person,usually based on one prominent characteristic,colours the perception of othercharacteristics of that person.
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| Johari Window | The model of personal and interpersonal understanding that encourages disclosure and feedback to increase the open area and reduce the blind, hidden, and unknown areas of oneself.
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| learning | A relatively permanentchange in behaviour that occurs as a result of a person's interaction with the environment.
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| learning orientation | The extent to which an organization or individual supports knowledge management, particularly opportunities to acquire knowledge through experience and experimentation.
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| Mental models | The broad worldviewsor "theories in-use" that peoplerely on to guide their perceptions and behaviours.
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| negative reinforcement | Occurs when the removal or avoidance of a consequence increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a behaviour.
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| perception | The process of selecting,organizing, and interpreting informationin order to make sense of the world around us.
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| positive reinforcement | Occurs when the introduction of a consequence increases or maintains the frequency or future probability of a behaviour.
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| prejudice | The unfounded negative emotions and attitudes toward people belonging to a particular stereotyped group.
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| primacy effect | A perceptual error in which we quickly form an opinion of people based on the first information we receive about them.
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| projection bias | A perceptual error in which an individual believes that other people have the same beliefs and behaviours that he/she does.
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| punishment | Occurs when a consequenced ecreases the frequency or future probability of a behaviour.
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| Recency effect | A perceptual error in which the most recent information dominates one's perception of others.
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| selective attention | The process of filtering information received by our senses.
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| self-fulfilling prophecy | Occurs when our expectations about another person cause that person to act in a way that is consistent with those expectations.
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| self-reinforcement | Occurs whenever an employee has control over a reinforcer but delays it until completing a self-set goal.
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| self-serving bias | A perceptual error whereby people tend to attribute their favourable outcomes to internal factors and their failures to external factors.
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| social identity theory | States that self-perception and social perception are shaped by a person's unique characteristics (personal identity) and membership in various groups (socialidentity).
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| social learning theory | A theory stating that much learning occurs by observing others and then modelling the behaviours that lead to favourable outcomes and avoiding the behavioursthat lead to punishing consequences.
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| stereotyping | The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category.
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| tacit knowledge | Knowledge embedded in our actions and ways of thinking, and transmitted only through observation and experience.
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