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Child Psychology 1/c/e
Child Psychology: A Contemporary Viewpoint, First Canadian Edition
E. Mavis Hetherington, University of Virginia
Ross D. Parke, University of California
Mark Schmuckler, University of Toronto at Scarborough
Themes and Theories of Child Development

Key Terms Quiz



1

Sociocultural contexts of development can encompass concepts such as , ethnicity, and gender.
2

Historical, economic, and social factors all influence the of an individual's development.
3

Children were treated as adults with no special status prior modern times.
4

Development is the product of many forces, including biological, cognitive, and processes.
5

Major periods of child development include the , infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, and adolescence.
6

is the sequence of changes that result from the genetic blueprint.
7

Those who contend that development is a gradual process emphasize the of development whereas proponents of assert that development entails a series of distinct stages.
8

According to Freud, individuals go through five stages of development.
9

Resolving each of the previous psychosocial in a positive way results in satisfaction with life and defines the eight stages of Erikson's theory. If one or more of the previous crisis has been resolved in a negative way, may result.
10

Jean Piaget says that children their own cognitive worlds.
11

John Watson used conditioning to produce phobias.
12

Behaviourists say that a consequence that increases the probability of a response is called and a consequence that decreases the probability of a response is called .
13

The social learning approach has underscored the importance of processes and the role of in controlling their own behaviour.
14

The view emphasizes the biological basis of behaviour and careful observation in natural settings.
15

Cross-cultural research helps us determine to what extent aspects of development are across cultures or to a particular culture.
16

Darwin reasoned that the individuals who survived were best to their environments and passed their on to the next generation.
17

According to Erikson, the adolescent enters a psychological moratorium during which he or she tries several .
18

The concept of refers to the behaviour, patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are transmitted from generation to generation.




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