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1 | |
Which of the following is NOT a reason why psychologists study children? |
| | A) | Studying children can lead to a better understanding of adult behaviour. |
| | B) | Understanding normal child development helps in the early detection of problems. |
| | C) | Information about child development can have important practical and policy implications. |
| | D) | Children are easier to obtain as research subjects and easier to study than adults. |
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2 | |
Dr. Johnson, a developmental psychologist, thinks that development occurs in a series of steps or stages. Dr. Johnson views development as: |
| | A) | being primarily influenced by the environment. |
| | B) | being primarily influenced by biology. |
| | C) | discontinuous in nature. |
| | D) | continuous in nature. |
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3 | |
According to the cognitive developmental perspective of development, the child is ______ and development is _____. |
| | A) | passive, continuous |
| | B) | active, continuous |
| | C) | passive, discontinuous |
| | D) | active, discontinuous |
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4 | |
If a developmental psychologist attempted to examine the exact steps a child took in solving a math problem and described those steps in the form of a flow chart, the psychologist would be working from the ____ perspective. |
| | A) | cognitive social learning |
| | B) | information processing |
| | C) | Piagetian |
| | D) | psychodynamic |
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5 | |
Which theorist is most closely associated with the cognitive social learning theory of development? |
| | A) | Jean Piaget |
| | B) | B. F. Skinner |
| | C) | Albert Bandura |
| | D) | Erik Erikson |
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6 | |
In general, behavioural perspectives on development see the role of the child as being |
| | A) | an active participant. |
| | B) | passive in shaping his or her own development. |
| | C) | selective in choosing which stimuli to associate. |
| | D) | unable to benefit from environmental consequences. |
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7 | |
Vygotsky proposed that child development is |
| | A) | due to genetic components of a culture. |
| | B) | a product of social interaction. |
| | C) | a product of formal education. |
| | D) | a product of assimilation and accommodation. |
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8 | |
All but one of the following is a task of adulthood according to Erikson's theory. |
| | A) | Initiative vs. Guilt |
| | B) | Intimacy vs. Isolation |
| | C) | Generativity vs. Stagnation |
| | D) | Ego integrity vs. Despair |
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9 | |
The goal of cross-cultural research is to determine |
| | A) | how socioeconomic status affect child development. |
| | B) | the universal aspects of child development. |
| | C) | how a culture changes across time. |
| | D) | how human beings grow and develop. |
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10 | |
The French historian Philippe Aries concluded that |
| | A) | infancy was accepted as a distinctive period of life by Europeans as early as the Middle Ages. |
| | B) | childhood was not recognized historically as a distinctive period. |
| | C) | adolescence was the focus of much early literature and art throughout the world. |
| | D) | early literature recognized several distinct developmental periods. |
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11 | |
The current view of childhood assumes that |
| | A) | children are similar to adults in most ways. |
| | B) | children are best treated as young adults. |
| | C) | childhood is basically a "waiting period." |
| | D) | childhood is a unique period of growth and change. |
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12 | |
If the results of a study of cognitive development indicated that the change from concrete thinking to abstract thinking occurs abruptly, which of the following views has been supported? |
| | A) | continuity |
| | B) | stability |
| | C) | discontinuity |
| | D) | dialectical |
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13 | |
The question "Will the shy child who never speaks turn into a quiet, shy adult or will the child become a sociable, talkative person?" is concerned with which developmental issue? |
| | A) | maturation |
| | B) | continuity and discontinuity |
| | C) | cultural universals versus cultural relativism |
| | D) | nature and nurture |
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14 | |
Most psychologists believe that development is due |
| | A) | largely to nature. |
| | B) | largely to nurture. |
| | C) | to nature and nurture acting separately. |
| | D) | to an interaction of nature and nurture. |
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15 | |
Developing a study schedule is a function of the |
| | A) | id. |
| | B) | ego. |
| | C) | superego. |
| | D) | ego-ideal. |
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16 | |
Erik Erikson's theory emphasized |
| | A) | repeated resolutions of unconscious conflicts about sexual energy. |
| | B) | success in confronting specific conflicts at particular ages in life. |
| | C) | changes in children's thinking as they matured. |
| | D) | the influence of sensitive periods in the various stages of biological maturation. |
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17 | |
Child development is defined as a field of study that |
| | A) | examines change in human abilities. |
| | B) | seeks to explain behaviour across the life span. |
| | C) | compares children to adults to senior citizens. |
| | D) | accounts for the gradual evolution of the child's cognitive, social, and other capacities. |
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18 | |
Compared to the field of child development, the field of developmental psychology is |
| | A) | narrower. |
| | B) | broader. |
| | C) | the same. |
| | D) | more recent. |
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19 | |
Organismic theories of development hold that |
| | A) | psychological structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development. |
| | B) | physical structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development. |
| | C) | passively developed structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development. |
| | D) | slowly developed structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development. |
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20 | |
Jane believes that nurture strongly influences the development of Amy, her young daughter. Jane would not agree with the importance of: |
| | A) | genetic factors. |
| | B) | exposure to peers. |
| | C) | the types of toys at home. |
| | D) | the warmth displayed by the parents. |
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21 | |
Theorists in the tradition of ___________ often use computer analogies and flowcharts to describe the steps that a child uses in problem-solving. |
| | A) | Freudian Theory |
| | B) | Information Processing |
| | C) | Sociocultural Theory |
| | D) | Piagetian Theory |
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22 | |
Which of the following is not associated with Bronfenbrenner? |
| | A) | chronosystem |
| | B) | macrosystem |
| | C) | endosystem |
| | D) | exosystem |
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23 | |
Which of the following is not associated with the Systems Theory Perspective? |
| | A) | Wholeness |
| | B) | Complexity |
| | C) | Identity |
| | D) | Chaos |
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24 | |
Amy hit her younger brother and was placed in time-out by their mother. Amy's hitting behaviour subsequently dramatically decreased. Which of the following theories would best explain the above observation? |
| | A) | Freudian Theory |
| | B) | Piagetian Theory |
| | C) | Operant Conditioning |
| | D) | Systems Theory |
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25 | |
The ecological perspective of development emphasizes |
| | A) | a series of sequential stages. |
| | B) | the role of heredity in development. |
| | C) | the role of learning in development |
| | D) | the context in which development occurs. |
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26 | |
One of the strong points of behaviour theory is its |
| | A) | belief that cognitive processes are irrelevant for understanding development. |
| | B) | emphasis on the relationship between environmental stimuli and children's behaviour. |
| | C) | emphasis on reducing children's behaviour to fine-grained elements. |
| | D) | emphasis on the role of information processing as a mediator between behaviour and environment. |
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27 | |
If you want to increase the number of times your spouse does the dishes, B. F. Skinner would tell you to |
| | A) | yell at your spouse when he or she does not do the dishes. |
| | B) | kiss your spouse when he or she does the dishes. |
| | C) | leave the sink full of dishes until your spouse does them. |
| | D) | ask your spouse nicely to do the dishes. |
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28 | |
The frequent finding that adults who abuse their children typically come from families in which they themselves were abused supports which theory of child development? |
| | A) | Freudian psychoanalytic theory |
| | B) | information processing theory |
| | C) | ecological theory |
| | D) | social learning theory |
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29 | |
Barbara insists that to assure bonding she must be conscious and have an opportunity to see and hold her baby immediately after its delivery. Which of the following theories would agree with Barbara? |
| | A) | ethological theory |
| | B) | humanistic theory |
| | C) | psychoanalytic theory |
| | D) | learning theory |
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30 | |
A major strength of ecological theory is its framework for explaining |
| | A) | environmental influences on development. |
| | B) | biological influences on development. |
| | C) | cognitive development. |
| | D) | affective processes in development. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education