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Child Psychology: A Contemporary Viewpoint, First Canadian Edition

E. Mavis Hetherington, University of Virginia
Ross D. Parke, University of California
Mark Schmuckler, University of Toronto at Scarborough

Intelligence

Multiple Choice Quiz


1	Measuring a person's head size as an indication of intelligence most blatantly disregards
		A)	test validity
		B)	test standardization
		C)	test reliability
		D)	norm referencing


2	Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence differs from most other theories of intelligence because it focuses on ______
		A)	the product of problem solving.
		B)	academic settings.
		C)	the process of problem solving.
		D)	norm-referenced scores.


3	Which of the following intelligence theorists points to idiot savants as evidence in support of his theory of multiple intelligences?
		A)	Spearman
		B)	Gardner
		C)	Binet
		D)	Sternberg


4	Although there is some disagreement, most psychologists believe that about _____ percent of the variability in intelligence among individuals in a particular group is due to genetic factors.
		A)	35
		B)	15
		C)	70
		D)	50


5	Learning disabled or economically deprived children who attended Head Start as compared to similar children who did not attend Head Start ____.
		A)	experienced initial benefits but no long-term gains.
		B)	felt more competent in adolescence.
		C)	scored higher on reading tests but not on practical problem-solving tests.
		D)	did not experience any consistent benefits.


6	Which of the following questions is not seen as being central to alternative views of intelligence?
		A)	Is intelligence a unitary, generalized function or is it composed of a group of relatively separate abilities?
		B)	How does intelligence develop and to what extent can it be modified?
		C)	Does intelligence change throughout the lifespan or does it remain constant and unaffected by physiological factors?
		D)	Is intelligence an underlying construct, trait, ability or capacity that can never be directly assessed, or should it be defined only in terms of performance on specific cognitive tests?


7	The first intelligence test was designed by Binet and Simon to
		A)	identify gifted children who might excel given the right opportunities.
		B)	identify children who were unable to learn in a traditional classroom setting.
		C)	inhibit teachers' prejudices against children who were from privileged backgrounds.
		D)	complete the research for their doctoral thesis.


8	Which statement is incorrect?
		A)	The reliability of IQ scores can be affected by environmental changes.
		B)	The reliability of IQ scores can be affected by the rate of cognitive and physical development.
		C)	IQ scores can vary with age.
		D)	At age ten, the fluctuation of IQ scores has been associated with higher levels of abstract reasoning and conceptual processes.


9	Scarr and Weinberg's (1976) study on IQ test performance of black children adopted by white families supports
		A)	the view that heredity is the significant factor in determining intelligence.
		B)	the view that heredity is the significant factor in determining intelligence if the child is placed before 12 months of age.
		C)	the view that environment is the significant factor in determining intelligence.
		D)	the view that environment plays a larger role in determining intelligence if the child is placed in the adoptive home after 12 months of age.


10	A characteristic of gifted children is
		A)	multiple intelligences.
		B)	being labeled a "nerd".
		C)	efficiency of cognitive processing.
		D)	low self-esteem.


11	The psychometric approach to intelligence
		A)	focuses on intellectual changes that shape the organization of adolescent intelligence.
		B)	ignores individual differences and emphasizes the dynamic nature of intelligence.
		C)	is not concerned with predicting intelligence at a later point in development.
		D)	focuses on individual differences and seeks to measure them.


12	_____________ is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of a child's performance.
		A)	Standardization
		B)	Reliability
		C)	Concurrent validity
		D)	Criterion validity


13	Joe has a mental age of 8 and a chronological age of 10. Joe's IQ is
		A)	80.
		B)	100.
		C)	125.
		D)	160.


14	Which is not an important area in the latest edition of the Stanford-Binet test?
		A)	verbal reasoning
		B)	short-term memory
		C)	perceptual speech
		D)	visual reasoning


15	One of the main advantages of the Wechsler scales over the Binet test is that the Wechsler scales include measures that are
		A)	progressive.
		B)	culturally specific.
		C)	not verbal.
		D)	screens for brain damage.


16	Howard Gardner is known for
		A)	his emphasis on multiple intelligences.
		B)	revising the original Binet test for use in the United States.
		C)	devising the formula for IQ.
		D)	his arguments that intelligence consists only of verbal and mathematical abilities.


17	In Robert Sternberg's theory, it is the kind of practical knowledge that allows one to be successful in life.
		A)	explicit intelligence
		B)	contextual intelligence
		C)	componential intelligence
		D)	experiential intelligence


18	In addition to the question of whether intelligence is primarily inherited, another important question about intelligence concerns
		A)	the reliability of the testing instrument.
		B)	cultural and ethnic differences in test scores.
		C)	using the computer as a model for information-processing.
		D)	the emotional and social adjustment of gifted individuals.


19	Most modern attempts to improve the intellectual environments of impoverished children have focused on
		A)	prevention.
		B)	educational remediation.
		C)	providing money to families.
		D)	all of the above techniques.


20	Some intelligence tests have been constructed without any verbal items in an attempt to make them
		A)	more reliable.
		B)	better able to predict school success in normal schools.
		C)	culture-fair.
		D)	better able to identify children with strong psychomotor skills.


21	Gifted individuals
		A)	have above average intelligence.
		B)	have a superior talent.
		C)	have academic aptitude.
		D)	All of the above are correct.


22	Producing novel responses to problems
		A)	is creativity.
		B)	may be the product of high intelligence.
		C)	is convergent thinking.
		D)	All of the above are correct.


23	A psychology professor asks his/her students to think of as many uses as possible for a paper clip. The professor is encouraging _____.
		A)	brainstorming.
		B)	divergent thinking.
		C)	convergent thinking.
		D)	ideational originality.


24	Project Head Start was designed to
		A)	provide low-income children a chance to acquire skills that would help them succeed at school.
		B)	assess the advantages and disadvantages of preschool educational programs.
		C)	give parents an educational daycare center.
		D)	determine the feasibility of starting formal education at an earlier age.


25	Primary purposes of intelligence testing include ________.
		A)	predicting academic performance.
		B)	predicting performance on the job.
		C)	assessing general adjustment and health.
		D)	all of the above.


26	Culture-fair tests attempt to ______.
		A)	minimize the presence of culturally biased content that could prejudice test takers' responses.
		B)	emphasize the presence of culturally sensitive content so as to promote fairness to all test takers.
		C)	use only verbal tests.
		D)	emphasize motor items during testing.


27	Programming components of Aboriginal Head Start include _____.
		A)	education and school readiness.
		B)	nutrition
		C)	parental involvement.
		D)	all of the above.


28	An IQ score above _______ signals intellectual giftedness.
		A)	125
		B)	130
		C)	135
		D)	140


29	The cause of PKU is __________.
		A)	a chromosomal disorder.
		B)	a disorder on chromosome 21.
		C)	factors surrounding the birth process.
		D)	lack of a specific enzyme.


30	Approximately ______ of mentally retarded people can learn and hold jobs of more or less complexity and can live in the community.
		A)	50%
		B)	75%
		C)	80%
		D)	95%

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