 |
1 | |
An individual's phenotype is one's __________ and __________ be modified by a person's experiences. |
| | A) | genetic composition; can |
| | B) | genetic composition; cannot |
| | C) | observable expression of one's genetic content; can |
| | D) | observable expression of one's genetic content; cannot |
|
|
2 | |
Each body cell in most normal women and men contains |
| | A) | 23 chromosomes. |
| | B) | 23 genes. |
| | C) | 46 chromosomes. |
| | D) | 46 genes |
|
|
3 | |
The effects of PKU can be diminished through which of the following procedures? |
| | A) | Medication |
| | B) | Physical therapy |
| | C) | Corrective surgery |
| | D) | Control of diet |
|
|
4 | |
Which of the following statements is not consistent with canalization? |
| | A) | Environmental influences have little effect on most psychological characteristics. |
| | B) | Certain kinds of genotypes are affected to a greater degree by the environment than other genotypes. |
| | C) | Extreme experiences are necessary to influence strongly canalized processes. |
| | D) | The range of values for various psychological characteristics varies within individuals. |
|
|
5 | |
Which of the following is not a reason to be cautious of interpretations of results based on monozygotic versus dizygotic twins studies? |
| | A) | Monozygotic twins often select similar environments. |
| | B) | Monozygotic twins often elicit similar responses from their environments. |
| | C) | Monozygotic twins have a greater shared environment. |
| | D) | Monozygotic twins have a greater non-shared environment. |
|
|
6 | |
The expression of the genotype is |
| | A) | modified by a variety of environmental factors. |
| | B) | not modifiable regardless of environmental factors. |
| | C) | not of concern to psychologists. |
| | D) | only known if one undergoes a sex change operation. |
|
|
7 | |
One's outward appearance is the same as one's genetic makeup only if the genetic makeup for that trait is |
| | A) | heterozygous. |
| | B) | homozygous. |
| | C) | co-dominant. |
| | D) | dominant. |
|
|
8 | |
The now increased lifespan of individuals with Down's syndrome can be attributed to |
| | A) | greater understanding of the genetic implications of the disorder. |
| | B) | advances in the treatment of health complications associated with Down's Syndrome. |
| | C) | a decrease in the institutionalization of individuals with Down's Syndrome. |
| | D) | earlier detection of the disorder, which can result in a reduction of various complications. |
|
|
9 | |
The process whereby the genetic factors limit an individual's responsiveness to the environment is known as |
| | A) | canalization. |
| | B) | discontinuity. |
| | C) | differentiation. |
| | D) | range of reaction. |
|
|
10 | |
Researchers conducting family resemblance studies most frequently employ |
| | A) | kinship studies. |
| | B) | sibling studies. |
| | C) | adoption and twin studies. |
| | D) | parent-child studies. |
|
|
11 | |
Proponents of the nurture view would argue that |
| | A) | the environment a person is raised in determines his or her longevity |
| | B) | genetics determines all behaviour. |
| | C) | how long an individual's parents lived is the best predictor of his or her longevity. |
| | D) | genetics and the environment an individual is raised in combine to determine longevity. |
|
|
12 | |
If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behaviour, what prediction can we make about expression of the behaviour in identical twins reared apart compared to its expression in fraternal twins reared apart? |
| | A) | Fraternal twins will express the behaviour more similarly than identical twins. |
| | B) | There will be little similarity in the expression of the behaviour in either set of twins. |
| | C) | Identical twins will express the behaviour more similarly than fraternal twins. |
| | D) | The behaviour will be expressed as similarly by identical twins as it is by fraternal twins. |
|
|
13 | |
The process of cell division in which each pair of chromosomes separates and joins a daughter cell is called |
| | A) | reproduction. |
| | B) | mitosis. |
| | C) | meiosis. |
| | D) | gametization. |
|
|
14 | |
In vitro fertilization is a possible solution to infertility that involves |
| | A) | having sperm and egg unite outside of a woman's body. |
| | B) | implanting a fertilized egg into a substitute mother's womb. |
| | C) | enhancing the possibility of conception by taking fertility drugs. |
| | D) | incubating a zygote outside of a woman's body. |
|
|
15 | |
A physician orders that an amniocentesis be performed to determine whether a woman's fetus is genetically normal. This procedure will involve |
| | A) | taking a blood sample from the mother. |
| | B) | drawing a sample of the fluid that surrounds a fetus in the womb. |
| | C) | taking a sample of the placenta between the eighth and eleventh week of pregnancy. |
| | D) | taking a blood sample from the fetus. |
|
|
16 | |
Assume that the gene for green hair is dominant whereas the gene for blue hair is recessive. Which of the following statements is most accurate? |
| | A) | Parents with green hair can have a child with blue hair. |
| | B) | Parents with blue hair can have a child with green hair. |
| | C) | Parents with blue hair cannot have a child with blue hair. |
| | D) | Parents with green hair cannot have a child with green hair. |
|
|
17 | |
A person's genetic heritage is his or her __________ whereas the expression of the genetic heritage is his or her ______________. |
| | A) | genotype; phenotype |
| | B) | dominant character; recessive character |
| | C) | phenotype; genotype |
| | D) | recessive character; dominant character |
|
|
18 | |
In an adoption study, a psychologist compares the behaviour of |
| | A) | identical fraternal twins. |
| | B) | family members and randomly selected others. |
| | C) | fraternal twins with each other. |
| | D) | children living with adoptive parents and children living with biological parents. |
|
|
19 | |
Children who are highly active, easily distractible, and move very fast frequently elicit adult attempts to quiet them down, punishment for lack of concentration, and angry warnings to slow down. This describes an example of a/an ____________ environmental interaction. |
| | A) | passive genotype |
| | B) | active genotype |
| | C) | niche-picking genotype |
| | D) | evocative genotype |
|
|
20 | |
All three of the Brodsky children grew up in the same house, went to the same school, and observed their parents' dedication to charitable work. These expectations constitute the children's |
| | A) | shared environmental influences. |
| | B) | non-shared environmental influences. |
| | C) | niche-picking experiences. |
| | D) | heritability. |
|
|
21 | |
The key difference between evolutionary and cultural change is that evolutionary change alters __________ whereas cultural change alters ____________. |
| | A) | reproduction; environment |
| | B) | heredity; environment |
| | C) | environment; behaviour |
| | D) | development; learning |
|
|
22 | |
Which of the following forms of mental retardation is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome? |
| | A) | Down syndrome |
| | B) | cretinism |
| | C) | PKU |
| | D) | cultural-familial retardation |
|
|
23 | |
The individual's typical mode of response during infancy and childhood is called _________ whereas in adolescence and adulthood it is referred to as __________. |
| | A) | temperament; temperament. |
| | B) | personality; personality. |
| | C) | personality; temperament. |
| | D) | temperament; personality. |
|
|
24 | |
The typology of temperament proposed by Thomas & Chess (1986) has ________ types. |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 3 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 5 |
|
|
25 | |
The __________ child tends to be low in activity level and to respond negatively to new stimuli at first. |
| | A) | slow-to-warm-up. |
| | B) | difficult |
| | C) | easy |
| | D) | noncompliant |
|
|
26 | |
With regard to the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire, which of the following does not belong? |
| | A) | extraversion |
| | B) | positive affect |
| | C) | irritable distress |
| | D) | activity level |
|
|
27 | |
The concordance rate is the _________ of cases in which a characteristic or trait exhibited by one member of a _________ is also exhibited by the other twin. |
| | A) | percentage; twin pair |
| | B) | number; twin pair |
| | C) | percentage; monozygotic twin pair |
| | D) | number; monozygotic twin pair |
|
|
28 | |
The strongest resemblance in intelligence scores is found amongst ______________. |
| | A) | identical twins reared apart. |
| | B) | fraternal twins reared together. |
| | C) | siblings reared together. |
| | D) | parent and child. |
|
|
29 | |
Misconceptions about the study of behaviour genetics include which of the following? |
| | A) | Genes limit potential. |
| | B) | Nature and nurture are separate. |
| | C) | Genetic influences diminish with age. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
|
|
30 | |
Klinefelter's syndrome is expressed in _________ who have the ________ genetic pattern. |
| | A) | females; XXY |
| | B) | females; XXX |
| | C) | males; XXY |
| | D) | males; XXX |
|
|
31 | |
Turner syndrome is expressed in ________ who have the _______ genetic pattern. |
| | A) | females; XO |
| | B) | females; YO |
| | C) | males; XO |
| | D) | males; YO |
|
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education