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1 | |
Which of the following is TRUE regarding a typical newborn's brain? |
| | A) | It is only about 10 percent of the weight it will achieve when fully developed. |
| | B) | The auditory area of the brain is highly developed compared to motor movement and visual areas. |
| | C) | The speed of transmission between neurons remains constant from birth through adulthood. |
| | D) | The newborn's brain contains about the same number of neurons it will have in adulthood. |
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2 | |
Improper cerebral lateralization may play a role in |
| | A) | reading difficulties. |
| | B) | left hand dominance. |
| | C) | early puberty. |
| | D) | facial recognition. |
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3 | |
In Rosenzweig's (1966) study of rats in enriched environments, the region of the cortex associated with _____ was found to have been most greatly influenced by environmental stimulation. |
| | A) | touch |
| | B) | motor control |
| | C) | memory |
| | D) | vision |
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4 | |
Cross-cultural studies of the onset of walking among children have found that |
| | A) | children in various European cities, on average, begin to walk at the same point in development. |
| | B) | differences in onset can be attributed to the sex of the child. |
| | C) | differences in opportunities for practice may influence cross-cultural differences in onset. |
| | D) | differences in onset can be attributed to the social class in which the child was reared. |
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5 | |
Which of the following is TRUE of early maturing adolescent boys? |
| | A) | They are rated as less physically attractive. |
| | B) | They experience greater peer acceptance. |
| | C) | They are less likely to complete college. |
| | D) | They try hard to seek attention. |
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6 | |
Ranjan was involved in a car accident when he was seven years old. He sustained damage to his left hemisphere. What would be most difficult for him to do following his accident? |
| | A) | understanding emotional reactions of others |
| | B) | understanding speech and language |
| | C) | reading a map |
| | D) | recognizing familiar faces |
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7 | |
The fact that infants are capable of using a variety of grips depending on the shape and size of the object they are grasping suggests |
| | A) | that the infant motor system is more developed than originally thought. |
| | B) | that the infant has fully developed eye-hand coordination. |
| | C) | that the infant has developed a more accurate visual system than originally thought. |
| | D) | that the infant prefers certain sizes and shapes at certain ages. |
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8 | |
The proximal-distal principle of growth states |
| | A) | that development occurs from the center outward. |
| | B) | that development occurs from the head downward. |
| | C) | that development occurs from general to specific structures. |
| | D) | that development is an approximation of growth at certain stages. |
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9 | |
Studies on secular growth trends suggest that |
| | A) | as long as health, nutrition and living conditions continue to improve, so will growth potential. |
| | B) | in North America, the maximum growth potential has been reached for the upper socioeconomic levels. |
| | C) | growth potential probably will not increase in areas where living conditions have improved from bad to better. |
| | D) | rate of development is not influenced by environment. |
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10 | |
Ricardo is twelve years old and physically mature for his age. He has recently moved to a new neighbourhood as a result of his father being promoted. His parents and siblings are all happy about the move, especially since they remained in the same school district. It is likely that Ricardo |
| | A) | will find the adjustment to sexual maturity relatively uneventful, if not advantageous. |
| | B) | will feel poorly about himself as a result of these physical changes and will experience a decrease in parental expectations for academic performance. |
| | C) | will blend in with the rest of the guys his age since most of them are also physically mature. |
| | D) | will become depressed and experience a poor body image. |
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11 | |
Which principles explain why an embryo's hands develop before its fingers, and why the head develops before the body? |
| | A) | cephalocaudal, cephalocaudal |
| | B) | cephalocaudal, proximal-distal |
| | C) | proximal-distal, cephalocaudal |
| | D) | proximal-distal, proximal-distal |
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12 | |
Which of the following statements most accurately describes height and weight changes during infancy? |
| | A) | Both increase more rapidly during the second year than during the first year. |
| | B) | Girls increase in height and weight faster than do boys during infancy. |
| | C) | The sexes grow at the same rate during infancy. |
| | D) | Both height and weight increase more rapidly during the first year than during the second year. |
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13 | |
Myelination improves the efficiency of the central nervous system the way that |
| | A) | talking to an infant speeds his ability to produce a first word. |
| | B) | reducing the distance between two children playing catch reduces the time it takes for a baseball to travel from one child to the other. |
| | C) | the ingestion of certain chemicals (e.g. steroids) can improve overall muscle development. |
| | D) | the insulation around an electrical extension cord improves the efficiency. |
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14 | |
Which of the following would be considered a motor skill? |
| | A) | learning a second language |
| | B) | making eye contact |
| | C) | stacking blocks |
| | D) | listening attentively |
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15 | |
What is the most effective way for parents to promote good fitness habits in their children? |
| | A) | Encourage children to play competitive sports. |
| | B) | Involve the entire family in a vigorous exercise program. |
| | C) | Limit the time spent watching television. |
| | D) | Create a substantial challenge for children, such as training for a marathon. |
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16 | |
The most noticeable changes in body growth for females include all of the following except |
| | A) | height spurt. |
| | B) | tendencies towards obesity. |
| | C) | breast growth. |
| | D) | menarche. |
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17 | |
Puberty is triggered when the hypothalamus stimulates the _________. |
| | A) | endocrine gland. |
| | B) | frontal lobe. |
| | C) | ovaries. |
| | D) | pituitary gland. |
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18 | |
In industrialized countries, young women have been reaching puberty at _______. |
| | A) | earlier ages than before. |
| | B) | later ages than before. |
| | C) | the same ages as before. |
| | D) | similar ages to nonindustrialized countries. |
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19 | |
In females, primary sex characteristics include |
| | A) | menarche. |
| | B) | breast development. |
| | C) | the appearance of pubic hair. |
| | D) | the development of underarm hair. |
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20 | |
Girls whose mothers matured early tend to mature |
| | A) | early themselves. |
| | B) | late themselves. |
| | C) | at about the same age as other girls. |
| | D) | at the same ages as their siblings. |
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21 | |
Early maturing girls tend to |
| | A) | have a smaller network of close friends. |
| | B) | engage in "adult behaviours" (e.g., smoking). |
| | C) | have poor self- esteem. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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22 | |
In males, ________ stimulate the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics. |
| | A) | progesterone |
| | B) | estrogen |
| | C) | testosterone |
| | D) | estradiol |
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23 | |
Most cases of bulimia emerge _________ whereas anorexia is especially likely _________. |
| | A) | during the late teens and early 20s; at puberty. |
| | B) | at puberty; during the late teens and early 20s. |
| | C) | around age 15 years; around age 15 years. |
| | D) | around age 17 years; around age 17 years. |
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24 | |
Whereas bulimics often have _________ anorexics have _________. |
| | A) | poor self images and low self esteem; a tendency to obsessive compulsiveness. |
| | B) | a tendency to obsessive compulsiveness; poor self images and low self esteem. |
| | C) | good self images and good self esteem; a tendency to obsessive compulsiveness. |
| | D) | good self images and good self esteem; a tendency to poor self control. |
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25 | |
Most anorexics and bulimics are of ________ socioeconomic status. |
| | A) | relatively high |
| | B) | middle class |
| | C) | low |
| | D) | low to middle class |
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26 | |
Anorexic girls describe their mothers as _________ and their fathers as _________. |
| | A) | easygoing and indulgent; rigid and controlling. |
| | B) | rigid and controlling; easygoing and indulgent. |
| | C) | dominating and intrusive; emotionally absent. |
| | D) | emotionally absent; dominating and intrusive. |
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27 | |
Approximately _______of anorexics die either from starvation or by deliberate suicide. |
| | A) | 1 to 2% |
| | B) | 5 to 10% |
| | C) | 10 to 15% |
| | D) | 15 to 20% |
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28 | |
Thelen and Smith (1994) suggest that the development of locomotion consists of _______ clear phases. |
| | A) | Three |
| | B) | Four |
| | C) | Five |
| | D) | Six |
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29 | |
Approximately ________ of North American children experience dyslexia. |
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 2% |
| | C) | 5 - 10% |
| | D) | 10 - 15% |
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30 | |
The left and right hemispheres are connected by the |
| | A) | synaptic sprout |
| | B) | transverse fissure |
| | C) | corpus locale |
| | D) | corpus callosum |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education