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Child Psychology: A Contemporary Viewpoint, First Canadian Edition

E. Mavis Hetherington, University of Virginia
Ross D. Parke, University of California
Mark Schmuckler, University of Toronto at Scarborough

Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky

Key Terms Quiz


1		Jean Piaget contends that children their own cognitive worlds.


2		The sensorimotor period corresponds to the period of that ranges from birth to about years of age.


3		The understanding that objects do not cease to exist when out of perceptual contact is called .


4		The period lasts from 2 to 7 years of age.


5		The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another is called .


6		The view that inanimate objects are alive or that plants have human qualities is called .


7		When liquid is dumped from a tall beaker to a short one, a child who (has/has not) mastered conservation will say that the shorter beaker has (more/less) water in it than the taller beaker.


8		operational thinking appears at about age 7 or 8 and entails operations, mental actions that are .


9		The ability to is an operation that allows one to divide things into different sets and subsets on the basis of characteristics.


10		The fourth state of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, operational thought, begins between the age of 11 to 15.


11		Formal operational thought is more than children's thought.


12		One criticism of Piaget's approach is that children are (more/less) cognitively competent than he supposed.


13		Lev Vygotsky indicates that tasks that are too for children to handle alone, but can be done with assistance of someone more skilled, fall into the zone of proximal development or .


14		The zone of proximal development is just one aspect of Vygotsky's theory about how social and cultural factors influence development.


15		refer to concepts and knowledge about events that influence how an individual interprets new information.


16		The concept of self-understanding refers to a child's representation of the self.


17		Robert has proposed a developmental theory of perspective taking.


18		Young children describe themselves on the basis of characteristics whereas elementary school children more describe themselves in terms of characteristics and social comparisons.


19		Adolescents use that are more abstract; self-attributions are often .


20		Compared with children, adolescents are (more/less) self-conscious and preoccupied with their self-understanding.


21		Self-esteem refers to a evaluation of the self.

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