|
Ad hoc, or
nonrecurring decision |
one that you make infrequently (perhaps
only once) and you may even have different criteria for determining the best
solution each time.
|
|
Adaptive filtering |
asks you to rate products or situations and
also monitors your actions over time to find out what you like and dislike.
|
|
Adaptivity
|
for
intelligent agents is discovering, learning, and taking action independently.
|
|
Adware
|
software
to generate ads that installs itself on your computer when you download some
other (usually free) program from the Web.
|
|
Affiliate programs
|
arrangements
made between e-commerce sites that direct users from one site to the other
and by which, if a sale is made as a result, the originating site receives a
commission.
|
|
Alliance partner
|
a
company that you do business with on a regular business in a cooperative
fashion, usually facilitated by IT systems.
|
|
Analysis phase
|
involves
end users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand, and
document the business requirements for the proposed system.
|
|
Anonymous Web browsing (AWB) |
services, which in effect, hide your
identity from the Web sites you visit.
|
|
Antivirus software
|
detects
and removes or quarantines computer viruses.
|
|
Application architects
|
information
technology professionals who can design creative technology-based business
solutions.
|
|
Application generation subsystem
|
contains
facilities to help you develop transaction-intensive applications.
|
|
Application service provider (ASP)
|
provides
an outsourcing service for businesses software applications.
|
|
Application software
|
the
software that enables you to solve specific problems or perform specific
tasks.
|
|
Arithmetic/logic unit (A/L unit)
|
performs
all arithmetic operations (e.g., addition and subtraction) and all logic
operations (such as sorting and comparing numbers).
|
|
Artificial intelligence (AI)
|
the
science of making machines imitate human thinking and behaviour.
|
|
Artificial neural network (ANN)
|
also
called a neural network , an
artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating
patterns.
|
|
ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange) |
the
coding system that most personal computers use to represent, process, and
store information.
|
|
AutoFilter function |
filters a list and allows you to hide all
the rows in a list except those that match criteria you specify.
|
|
Automatic speech recognition (ASR) |
system not only captures spoken words but
also distinguishes word groupings to form sentences.
|
|
Autonomy
|
the
ability of an intelligent agent to act without your telling it every step to
take.
|
|
B2B marketplace
|
an
Internet-based service which brings together many buyers and sellers.
|
|
Back office system
|
used
to fulfill and support customer orders.
|
|
Back-propagation neural network
|
a
neural network trained by someone.
|
|
Backup
|
the
process of making a copy of the information stored on a computer.
|
|
Bandwidth
|
or
capacity of the communications medium, refers to the amount of information
that a communications medium can transfer in a given amount of time.
|
|
Banner ad
|
a
small ad on one Web site that advertises the products and services of another
business, usually another dot-com business.
|
|
Barcode reader
|
captures
information that exists in the form of vertical bars whose width and distance
apart determine a number.
|
|
Basic formatting tag |
HTML tag that allows you to specify
formatting for text.
|
|
Benchmark
|
a set
of conditions used to measure how well a product or system functions.
|
|
Binary digit (bit)
|
the
smallest unit of information that your computer can process.
|
|
Biometrics |
the use of your physical
characteristics-such as your fingerprint, the blood vessels in the retina of
your eye, the sound of your voice, or perhaps even your breath-to provide
identification.
|
|
Black-hat hackers
|
cyber
vandals.
|
|
Bluetooth
|
technology
provides entirely wireless connections for all kinds of communication
devices.
|
|
Broadband
|
high-capacity
telecommunications pipeline capable of providing high-speed Internet service.
|
|
Browser-safe colours
|
216
colours that can be represented using 8 bits and are visible in all browsers.
|
|
Business intelligence |
knowledge-knowledge about your customers,
your competitors, your partners, your competitive environment, and your own
internal operations. Business intelligence comes from information.
|
|
Business process
|
a
standardized set of activities that accomplishes a specific task, such as
processing a customer's order.
|
|
Business process reengineering (BPR) |
the reinventing of processes within a
business.
|
|
Business requirement |
a detailed knowledge worker request that
the system must meet in order to be successful.
|
|
Business to business (B2B)
|
companies
whose customers are primarily other businesses.
|
|
Business to consumer (B2C)
|
companies
whose customers are primarily individuals.
|
|
Buyer agent
|
or
shopping bot an intelligent agent on
a Web site that helps you, the customer, find the products and services you
want.
|
|
Buyer power
|
high
when buyers have many choices of whom to buy from, and low when their choices
are few.
|
|
Byte
|
a
group of eight bits that represents one natural language character.
|
|
Cable modem
|
a
device that uses your TV cable to deliver an Internet connection.
|
|
Capacity planning
|
determines
the future IT infrastructure requirements for new equipment and additional
network capacity.
|
|
Cat 5 |
(or
Category 5) cable
is a better-constructed version of the phone twisted-pair cable.
|
|
CAVE (cave automatic virtual environment) |
a special 3D virtual reality room that can
display images of other people and objects located in other CAVEs all over
the world.
|
|
CD-R (compact disk-recordable) |
optical or laser disk that offers one-time
writing capability with about 800 MB of storage capacity.
|
|
CD-ROM
|
optical
or laser disk that offers no updating capabilities with about 800 MB of
storage capacity. Most software today comes on CD-ROM.
|
|
CD-RW (compact disk-rewritable) |
offers unlimited writing and updating
capabilities on the CD.
|
|
Central processing unit (CPU)
|
the
actual hardware that interprets and executes the software instructions and
coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together.
|
|
Chief information officer (CIO)
|
responsible
for overseeing an organization's information resource.
|
|
Choice
|
the
third step in the decision-making process where you decide on a plan to
address the problem or opportunity.
|
|
Class |
contains information and procedures and
acts as a template to create objects.
|
|
Clicks-and-mortar
|
a
retailer, like Nordstrom, which has both an Internet presence and physical
stores.
|
|
Clickstream |
records information about you during a Web
surfing session such as what Web sites you visited, how long you were there,
what ads you looked at, and what you bought.
|
|
Click-throughs |
count of the number of people who visit one
site and click on a banner ad, and are taken to the site of the advertiser.
|
|
Client/server network |
a network in which one or more computers
are servers and provide services to the other computers which are called
clients.
|
|
Coaxial cable (coax) |
one central wire surrounded by insulation,
a metallic shield, and a final case of insulating material.
|
|
Cold site |
a separate facility that does not have any
computer equipment, but is a place where the knowledge workers can move after
a disaster.
|
|
Collaboration software |
software that allows people to work
together on a given project or document.
|
|
Collaboration system |
a system that is designed specifically to
improve the performance of teams by supporting the sharing and flow of
information.
|
|
Collaborative filtering |
a technique to enable a Web site to support
personalization.
|
|
Collaborative planning, forecasting, and
replenishment (CPFR) |
a concept that encourages and facilitates
collaborative processes among members of a supply chain.
|
|
Collaborative processing enterprise
information portal |
provides knowledge workers with access to
workgroup information such as e-mails, reports, meeting minutes, and memos.
|
|
Collocation |
what happens when a vendor rents out space
and telecommunication equipment to other companies.
|
|
Communications medium |
the path, or physical channel, in a network
over which information travels.
|
|
Communications protocol (protocol) |
a set of rules that every computer follows
to transfer information.
|
|
Communications satellite |
microwave repeater in space.
|
|
Communications service provider
|
third
party who furnishes the conduit for information.
|
|
Competitive advantage |
providing a product or service in a way
that customers value more than what the competition is able to do.
|
|
Complementor |
a company that provides products and
services that complement the offerings of another company and thereby extend
its value-adding capabilities to its customers.
|
|
Composite primary key |
consists of the primary key fields from the
two intersecting relations.
|
|
Composite relation |
represents the intersection of primary keys
of two relations.
|
|
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) |
tools are software suites that automate
system development.
|
|
Computer crime |
is a crime in which a computer, or
computers, plays a significant part.
|
|
Computer forensics |
is the gathering, authentication, examination,
and analysis of electronic information stored on any type of computer media,
such as hard drives, floppy disks or CDs.
|
|
Computer network |
(or a
network ) two or more computers connected so that they
can communicate with each other and share information, software, peripheral
devices, and/or processing power.
|
|
Computer virus |
(or simply a
virus ) software that is written with malicious intent to
cause annoyance or damage.
|
|
Conditional formatting |
highlights the information in a cell that
meets some criteria you specify.
|
|
Connectivity software |
enables you to use your computer to "dial
up" or connect to another computer.
|
|
Control unit |
interprets software instructions and tells
the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions.
|
|
Conversion rate |
the percentage of customers who visit a
site who actually buy something.
|
|
Cookie |
a small record deposited on your hard disk
by a Web site containing information about you.
|
|
Copyright |
the legal protection afforded an expression
of an idea, such as a song, video game, and some types of proprietary
documents.
|
|
Counterfeit software |
software that is manufactured to look like
the real thing and sold as such.
|
|
Cracker |
a hacker for hire who engages in electronic
corporate espionage.
|
|
Crash-proof software |
utility software that helps you save
information if your system crashes and you're forced to turn it off and then
back on again.
|
|
Critical success factor (CSF) |
a factor critical to your organization's
success.
|
|
Crossover |
part of a genetic algorithm where portions
of good outcomes are combined in the hope of creating an even better outcome.
|
|
CRT |
a monitor that looks like a television set.
|
|
CRUD (create, read, update, delete) |
the four primary procedures, or ways, a
system can manipulate information.
|
|
Culture |
the collective personality of a nation or
society, encompassing language, traditions, currency, religion, history,
music, and acceptable behaviour, among other things.
|
|
Custom AutoFilter function |
allows you to hide all the rows in a list
except those that match criteria, besides "is equal to," you
specify.
|
|
Customer-integrated system (CIS) |
an extension of a TPS that places
technology in the hands of an organization's customers and allows them to
process their own transactions.
|
|
Customer relationship management (CRM)
system |
uses information about customers to gain
insights into their needs, wants, and behaviours in order to serve them
better.
|
|
Cyberterrorist |
is one who seeks to cause harm to people or
destroy critical systems or information.
|
|
Data |
raw facts that describe a particular
phenomenon.
|
|
Data administration |
the function in an organization that plans
for, oversees the development of, and monitors the information resource.
|
|
Data administration subsystem |
helps you manage the overall database
environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security
management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change management.
|
|
Data cleansing |
ensures all information is accurate.
|
|
Data definition subsystem |
helps you create and maintain the data
dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database.
|
|
Data dictionary |
contains the logical structure for the
information.
|
|
Data manipulation subsystem |
helps you add, change, and delete
information in a database and mine it for valuable information.
|
|
Data mart |
subset of a data warehouse in which only a
focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept.
|
|
Data mining agent |
an intelligent agent that operates in a
data warehouse discovering information.
|
|
Data mining tool |
software tool you use to query information
in a data warehouse.
|
|
Data warehouse |
a logical collection of
information-gathered from many different operational databases-used to create
business intelligence that supports business analysis activities and
decision-making tasks.
|
|
Database |
a collection of information that you
organize and access according to the logical structure of that information.
|
|
Database-based workflow system |
stores the document in a central location
and automatically asks the knowledge workers to access the document when it's
their turn to edit the document.
|
|
Database administration |
the function in an organization that is
responsible for the more technical and operational aspects of managing the
information contained in organizational databases (which can include data
warehouses and data marts).
|
|
Database management system (DBMS) |
helps you specify the logical organization
for a database and access and use the information within the database.
|
|
DBMS engine |
accepts logical requests from the various
other DBMS subsystems, converts them into their physical equivalent, and
actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage
device.
|
|
Decentralized computing |
an environment in which an organization
splits computing power and locates it in functional business areas as well as
on the desktops of knowledge workers.
|
|
Decision-processing enterprise information
portal |
provides knowledge workers with corporate
information for making key business decisions.
|
|
Decision support system (DSS) |
a highly flexible and interactive IT system
that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not
structured.
|
|
Demand aggregation |
combines purchase requests from multiple
buyers into a single large order which justifies a discount from the
business.
|
|
Denial-of-service (DoS) attack |
floods a Web site with so many requests for
service that it slows down or crashes.
|
|
Design |
the second phase of the decision-making
process. It's where you consider possible ways of solving the problem,
filling the need, or taking advantage of the opportunity.
|
|
Design phase |
builds a technical blueprint of how the
proposed system will work.
|
|
Desktop computer |
the most popular choice for personal
computing needs.
|
|
Development phase |
takes all of your detailed design documents
from the design phase and transform them into an actual system.
|
|
Digital cash |
(also called
electronic cash
or e-cash ) an
electronic representation of cash.
|
|
Digital divide |
the fact that different peoples, cultures,
and areas of the world or within a nation do not have the same access to
information and telecommunications technologies.
|
|
Digital economy |
marked by the electronic movement of all
types of information, not limited to numbers, words, graphs, and photos but
including physiological information such as voice recognition and
synthesization, biometrics (your retina scan and breath for example), and 3D
holograms.
|
|
Digital subscriber line (DSL) modem |
a high-speed Internet connection using phone
lines, which allows you to use your phone for voice communications at the
same time.
|
|
Direct material |
a material that is used in production in a
manufacturing company or is placed on the shelf for sale in a retail
environment.
|
|
Directory search engine |
organizes listings of Web sites into
hierarchical lists.
|
|
Disaster recovery cost curve |
charts (1) the cost to your organization of
the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to your
organization of recovering from a disaster over time.
|
|
Disaster recovery plan |
a detailed process for recovering
information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a
fire or flood.
|
|
Disintermediation |
by using the Internet as a delivery
vehicle, intermediate players in a distribution channel can be bypassed.
|
|
Disk optimization software |
utility software that organizes your
information on your hard disk in the most efficient way.
|
|
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack
|
attack from multiple computers that floods
a Web site with so many requests for service that it slows down or crashes.
|
|
Distribution chain |
the path followed from the originator of a
product or service to the end consumer.
|
|
Documentation management system |
manages a document through its life cycle.
|
|
Domain expert |
the person who provides the domain
expertise in the form of problem-solving strategies.
|
|
Domain expertise |
the set of problem-solving steps; it's the
reasoning process that will solve the problem.
|
|
Domain name |
identifies a specific computer on the Web
and the main page of the entire site.
|
|
Dot pitch |
the distance between the centres of a pair
of like-coloured pixels.
|
|
DVD-R |
optical or laser disk that offers one-time
writing capability with upwards of 17 GB of storage capacity.
|
|
DVD-ROM |
optical or laser disk that offers no
updating capabilities with upwards of 17 GB of storage capacity. The trend is
now for movie rentals to be on DVD.
|
|
DVD-RW |
or
DVD-RAM , or
DVD+RW (all different names by
different manufacturers) optical or laser disk that offers unlimited writing
and updating capabilities on the DVD.
|
|
E-commerce |
commerce accelerated and enhanced by
information technology, in particular the Internet.
|
|
E-government |
the application of e-commerce technologies
in governmental agencies.
|
|
E-mail software |
(short for
electronic mail software ) enables you to electronically
communicate with other people by sending and receiving e-mail.
|
|
E-tailer |
an Internet retail site.
|
|
ebXML |
a set of technical specifications for
business documents built around XML designed to permit enterprises of any
size and in any geographical location to conduct business over the Internet.
|
|
Electronic bill presentment and payment
(EBPP) |
systems send us our bills over the Internet
and give us an easy way to pay them if the amount looks correct.
|
|
Electronic catalogue |
designed to present products to customers
or partners all over the world via the Web.
|
|
Electronic data interchange (EDI) |
the direct computer-to-computer transfer of
transaction information contained in standard business documents, such as
invoices and purchase orders, in a standard format.
|
|
Electronic job market |
consists of employers using Internet
technologies to advertise and screen potential employees.
|
|
Electronic portfolio (e-Portfolio) |
collection of Web documents used to support
a stated purpose such as demonstrating writing, photography, or job skills.
|
|
Encapsulation |
means information hiding.
|
|
Encryption |
scrambles the contents of a file so that
you can't read it without having the right decryption key.
|
|
Enterprise application integration (EAI) |
the process of developing an infrastructure
that enables employees to quickly implement new or changing business
processes.
|
|
Enterprise application integration
middleware (EAI middle-ware) |
allows organizations to develop different
levels of integration from the data level to the business-process level.
|
|
Enterprise information portal (EIP) |
allows knowledge workers to access company
information via a Web interface.
|
|
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
the method of getting and keeping an
overview of every part of the business (a bird's-eye view, so to speak), so
that production, development, selling, and servicing of goods and services
will all be coordinated to contribute to the company's goals and objectives.
|
|
Enterprise software |
a suite of software that includes (1) a set
of common business applications, (2) tools for modelling how the entire
organization works, and (3) development tools for building applications
unique to your organization.
|
|
Entity class |
a concept-typically people, places, or
things-about which you wish to store information and that you can identify
with a unique key (called the primary key).
|
|
Entity-relationship (E-R) diagram |
a graphic method of representing entity
classes and their relationships.
|
|
Entry barrier |
a product or service feature that customers
have come to expect from companies in a particular industry.
|
|
Ethernet card |
the most common type of network interface
card.
|
|
Ethical (or
white-hat ) hacker |
a computer security professional who
is hired by a company to break into its computer system.
|
|
Ethics |
are the principles and standards that guide
our behaviour toward other people.
|
|
Executive information system (EIS) |
a highly interactive IT system that allows
you to first view highly summarized information and then choose how you would
like to see greater detail, which may alert you to potential problems or
opportunities.
|
|
Expandability |
refers to how easy it is to add features
and functions to a system.
|
|
Expansion bus |
moves information from your CPU and RAM to
all of your other hardware devices such as your microphone and printer.
|
|
Expansion card |
a circuit board that you insert into an
expansion slot.
|
|
Expansion slot |
a long, skinny socket on the motherboard
into which you insert an expansion card.
|
|
Expert system |
also called a
knowledge-based system , an artificial intelligence
system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion.
|
|
Explanation module |
the part of an expert system where they
"why" information, supplied by the domain expert, is stored to be
accessed by knowledge workers who want to know why the expert systems asked a
question or reached a conclusion.
|
|
extensible markup language (XML) |
a coding language for the Web that lets
computers interpret the meaning of information in Web documents.
|
|
External information |
describes the environment surrounding the
organization.
|
|
Extraction engine |
consists of smart software with a
vocabulary of job-related skills that allows it to recognize and catalogue
terms in your scannable resume.
|
|
Extranet |
an intranet that is restricted to an
organization and certain outsiders, such as customers and suppliers.
|
|
Fair Use Doctrine |
allows you to use copyrighted material in
certain situations.
|
|
Feature analysis |
the step of ASR in which the system
captures your words as your speak into a microphone, eliminates any
back-ground noise, and converts the digital signals of your speech in
phonemes (syllables).
|
|
Feature creep |
occurs when developers add extra features
that were not part of the initial requirements.
|
|
File transfer protocol (ftp) |
the communications protocol that allows you
to transfer files of information from one computer to another.
|
|
File transfer protocol (ftp) server |
a computer that maintains a collection of
downloadable files.
|
|
Financial cybermediaries |
Internet-based companies that make it easy
for one person to pay another person over the Internet.
|
|
Financial EDI (FEDI) |
the use of EDI for payments.
|
|
Firewall |
hardware and/or software that protects a
computer or network from intruders.
|
|
First mover |
the company first to market with a new
IT-based product or service.
|
|
Five forces model |
a model developed to determine the relative
attractiveness of an industry.
|
|
Flat-panel display |
thin, lightweight monitor that takes up
much less space than a CRT.
|
|
Floppy disk |
storage device that is great for
portability of information and ease of updating but holds only 1.44 MB of information.
|
|
Foreign key |
a primary key of one file (relation) that
appears in another file (relation).
|
|
Forensic image copy |
an exact copy or snapshot of the contents
of an electronic medium.
|
|
Front office system |
the primary interface to customers and
sales channels.
|
|
Genetic algorithm |
an artificial intelligence system that
mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate
increasingly better solutions to a problem.
|
|
Geographic information system (GIS) |
a decision support system designed
specifically to work with spatial information.
|
|
Gigabyte |
(GB
or Gig ) roughly
1 billion characters.
|
|
Gigahertz (GHz) |
the number of billions of CPU cycles per
second.
|
|
Global digital divide |
the term used specifically to describe
differences in IT access and capabilities between different countries or
regions of the world.
|
|
Global economy |
one in which customers, businesses,
suppliers, distributors, and manufacturers all operate without regard to
physical and geographical boundaries.
|
|
Global positioning system (GPS) |
a collection of 24 earth-orbiting
satellites that continuously transmit radio signals to determine your current
longitude, latitude, speed, and direction of movement.
|
|
Global reach |
the ability to extend a company's reach to
customers anywhere there is an Internet connection, and at a much lower cost.
|
|
Glove |
an input device that captures and records
the shape and movement of your hand and fingers and the strength of your hand
and finger movements.
|
|
Government-to-business (G2B) |
the electronic commerce activities
performed between a government and its business partners for such purposes as
purchasing direct and indirect materials, soliciting bids for work, and
accepting bids for work.
|
|
Government-to-consumer (G2C) |
the electronic commerce activities
performed between a government and its citizens or consumers including paying
taxes, registering vehicles, and providing information and services.
|
|
Government-to-government (G2G) |
the electric commerce activities limited to
performing electronic commerce activities within a single nation's government
focusing on vertical integration (local, city, state, and federal) and
horizontal integration (among the various branches and agencies).
|
|
Graphical user interface (GUI) |
the interface to an information system.
|
|
Grid computing |
harnesses far-flung computers together by
way of the Internet or a virtual private network to share CPU power,
databases, and storage.
|
|
Group document database |
acts as a powerful storage facility for
organizing and managing all documents related to specific teams.
|
|
Groupware |
the popular term for the software component
that supports the collaborative efforts of a team.
|
|
GUI screen design |
the ability to model the information system
screens for an entire system.
|
|
Hacker |
a very knowledgeable person who uses his or
her knowledge to invade other people's computers.
|
|
Hacktivist |
a politically motivated hacker who uses the
Internet to send a political message of some kind.
|
|
Hard disk |
storage device that rests within your
system box and offers both ease of updating and great storage capacity.
|
|
Hardware |
the physical devices that make up a
computer (often referred to as a computer system).
|
|
Heading tag |
HTML tag that makes certain information,
such as titles, stand out on your Web site.
|
|
Headset |
a combined input and output device that (1)
captures and records the movement of your head and (2) contains a screen that
covers your entire field of vision and displays various views of an
environment based on your movements.
|
|
Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act |
in the United States, a law that forces the
health care industry to install policies and procedures to maintain the
confidentiality of patient information.
|
|
Help desk |
a group of people who responds to knowledge
workers questions.
|
|
Hidden job market |
the collective term used to describe jobs
that are not advertised. Up to 80 percent of new jobs fall into this
category.
|
|
High-capacity floppy disk |
storage device that is great for
portability and ease of updating and holds between 100 MB and 250 MB of
information. Superdisks and Zip disks are examples.
|
|
Holographic device |
a device that creates, captures, and/or
displays images in true three-dimensional form.
|
|
Home page |
the main page and entry point of a Web
site.
|
|
Home PNA |
stands for
Home Phoneline Networking Alliance ; allows you to
network your home computers using telephone wiring.
|
|
Horizontal market software |
application software that is general enough
to be suitable for use in a variety of industries.
|
|
Hot site |
a separate and fully equipped facility
where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.
|
|
HTML document |
a file that contains your Web site content
and HTML formatting instructions.
|
|
HTML tag |
specifies the formatting and presentation
of information on a Web site.
|
|
Hypertext markup language (HTML) |
the language you use to create a Web site.
|
|
Hypertext transfer protocol (http) |
the communications protocol that supports
the movement of information over the Web, essentially from a Web server to
you.
|
|
Implant chip |
a technology-enabled microchip implanted
into the human body.
|
|
Implementation |
the final step in the decision-making
process where you put your plan into action.
|
|
Implementation phase |
distributes the system to all of the
knowledge workers and they begin using the system to perform their everyday
jobs.
|
|
Indirect material |
a material that is necessary for running a
modern corporation, but does not relate to the company's primary business
activities.
|
|
Inference engine |
the processing component of the expert
system. It takes your problem facts and searches the knowledge base for rules
that fit your problem facts.
|
|
Information |
data that have a particular meaning within
a specific context.
|
|
Information age |
a time when knowledge is power.
|
|
Information decomposition |
breaking down the information and
procedures into multiple classes for ease of use and understandability.
|
|
Information granularity |
refers to the extent of detail within the
information.
|
|
Information partnership |
two or more companies cooperating by
integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of
what each can offer.
|
|
Information supplier convergence |
the merging of all types of organizations
that provide information and access to it.
|
|
Information technology (IT) |
any computer-based tool that people use to
work with information and support the information and information-processing
needs of an organization.
|
|
Information view |
includes all of the information stored
within a system.
|
|
Information-literate knowledge workers |
can define what information they need, know
how and where to obtain that information, understand the information once
they receive it, and act appropriately based on the information to help the
organization achieve the greatest advantage.
|
|
Infrared |
is a wireless communications medium that
uses radio waves to transmit signals or information.
|
|
Inheritance |
the ability to define superclass and
subclass relationships among classes.
|
|
Inkjet printer |
makes images by forcing ink droplets
through nozzles.
|
|
Input device |
a tool you use to capture information and
commands.
|
|
Insourcing |
a project means that IT specialists within
your organization will develop the system.
|
|
Instance |
an occurrence of an entity class that can
be uniquely described.
|
|
Integration |
allows separate systems to communicate
directly with each other by automatically exporting data files from one
system and importing them into another system.
|
|
Integrity constraints |
rules that help ensure the quality of the
information.
|
|
Intellectual property |
intangible creative work that is embodied
in physical form.
|
|
Intelligence |
the first step in the decision-making
process where you find or recognize a problem, need, or opportunity (also
called the diagnostic phase of decision making.
|
|
Intelligent agent |
software that assists you, or acts on your
behalf, in performing repetitive computer-related tasks.
|
|
Interactive chat |
lets you engage in real-time typed exchange
of information between you and one or more other individuals over the
Internet.
|
|
Interface |
any device that calls procedures and can
include such things as a keyboard, mouse, and touch screens.
|
|
Intermediary |
a specialist company that adds services.
|
|
Internal information |
describes specific operational aspects of
the organization.
|
|
International government-to-government
(IG2G) |
the electronic commerce activities
performed between two or more governments including providing foreign aid.
|
|
International virtual private network |
(international VPN)- virtual private
networks that depend on services offered by phone companies of various
nationalities.
|
|
Internet |
a vast network of computers that connects
millions of people all over the world.
|
|
Internet backbone |
the major set of connections for computers
on the Internet.
|
|
Internet server computer |
computer that provides information and
services on the Internet.
|
|
Internet service provider (ISP) |
a company that provides individuals,
organizations, and businesses access to the Internet.
|
|
Internet telephony |
a combination of hardware and software that
uses the Internet as the medium for transmission of telephone calls in place
of traditional telephone networks.
|
|
Internet virtual private network |
a technology that enables establishment of
a virtual network over the Internet consisting of a company, its suppliers,
and its customers.
|
|
Interorganizational system (IOS) |
automates the flow of information between
organizations to support the planning, design, development, production, and
delivery of products and services.
|
|
Intersection relation |
(sometimes called a
composite relation ) a relation you
create to eliminate a many-to-many relationship.
|
|
Intranet |
an internal organizational Internet that is
guarded against outside access by a special security feature called a
firewall (which can be software, hardware, or a combination of the two).
|
|
Intrusion-detection software |
looks for people on the network who shouldn't
be there or who are acting suspiciously.
|
|
IRC (Internet relay chat) server |
supports your use of discussion groups and
chat rooms.
|
|
IrDA (Infrared Data Association) port |
for wireless devices that work in
essentially the same way as the remote control on your TV does.
|
|
IT infrastructure |
includes the hardware, software, and
telecommunication equipment, that when combined, provides the under-lying
foundation to support the organization's goals.
|
|
Joint application development (JAD) |
occurs when knowledge workers and IT
specialists meet, sometimes for several days, to define or review the business
requirements for the system.
|
|
Key logger |
(or
key trapper )
software a program that,
when installed on a computer, records every keystroke and mouse click.
|
|
Keyboard |
today's most popular input technology.
|
|
Knowledge acquisition |
the component of the expert system that the
knowledge engineer uses to enter the rules.
|
|
Knowledge base |
stores the rules of the expert system.
|
|
Knowledge engineer |
the person who formulates the domain expertise
into an expert system.
|
|
Knowledge worker |
works with and produces information as a
product.
|
|
Knowledge-based system |
also
known as an expert system, an artificial intelligence system that applies
reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion.
|
|
Language processing |
the step of automatic speech recognition
(ASR) in which the system attempts to make sense of what you're saying by
comparing the word phonemes generated in the pattern classification step of
ASR with a language model database.
|
|
Laser printer |
forms images using an electrostatic
process, the same way a photocopier works.
|
|
Last-mile bottleneck problem |
occurs when information is travel-ling on
the Internet over a very fast line for a certain distance and then comes near
your home where it must travel over a slower line.
|
|
Legacy system |
a previously built system using older
technologies such as mainframe computers and programming languages such as
COBOL.
|
|
Link |
(the technical name is
hyperlink ) clickable text or an
image that takes you to another site or page on the Web.
|
|
Linux |
an open-source operating system that
provides a rich operating environment for high-end workstations and network
servers.
|
|
List |
a collection of information arranged in
columns and rows in which each column displays one particular type of
information.
|
|
List table definition |
a description of a list by column.
|
|
Local area network (LAN) |
a network that covers a limited geo-graphic
distance, such as an office, building, or a group of build-ings in close
proximity to each other.
|
|
Logical view |
focuses on how you as a knowledge worker
need to arrange and access information to meet your particular business needs.
|
|
M-commerce |
the term used to describe electronic
commerce conducted over a wireless device such as a cell phone or personal
digital assistant.
|
|
Mac OS |
the operating system for today's Apple
computers.
|
|
Macro virus |
spreads by binding itself to software such
as Word or Excel.
|
|
Mail server |
provides e-mail services and accounts.
|
|
Mainframe computer |
(sometimes just called a
mainframe) a computer designed to
meet the computing needs of hundreds of people in a large business
environment.
|
|
Maintenance phase |
monitors and supports the new system to
ensure it continues to meet the business goals.
|
|
Management information systems (MIS) |
deals with the planning for, development,
management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform
all tasks related to information processing and management.
|
|
Marketing mix |
the set of marketing tools that a firm uses
to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.
|
|
Mass customization |
when a business gives its customers the
opportunity to tailor its product or service to the customer's
specifications.
|
|
MD5 hash value |
a mathematically generated number that is
unique for each individual storage medium at a specific point in time,
because it's based on the contents of that medium.
|
|
Megabyte |
(MB
or M
or Meg
) roughly one million bytes.
|
|
Megahertz (MHz) |
the number of millions of CPU cycles per second.
|
|
Message |
how objects communicate with each other.
|
|
Messaging-based workflow system |
sends work assignments through an e-mail
system.
|
|
Meta tags |
a part of a Web site text not displayed to
users but accessible to browsers and search engines for finding and
categorizing Web sites.
|
|
Micro-payment |
a technique to facilitate the exchange of
small amounts of money for an Internet transaction.
|
|
Microphone |
for capturing live sounds such as a dog
barking or your voice (for automatic speech recognition).
|
|
Microsoft Windows 2000 Millennium (Windows
2000 Me) |
an operating system for a home computer
user with utilities for setting up a home network and performing video,
photo, and music editing and cataloguing.
|
|
Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional
(Windows 2000 Pro) |
an operating system for people who have a
personal computer connected to a network of other computers at work or at
school.
|
|
Microsoft Windows XP Home |
Microsoft's latest upgrade to Windows 2000
Me, with enhanced features for allowing multiple people to use the same
computer.
|
|
Microsoft Windows XP Professional (Windows
XP Pro) |
Microsoft's latest upgrade to Windows 2000
Pro.
|
|
Microwave |
a type of radio transmission used to
transmit information.
|
|
Minicomputer |
(sometimes called a
mid-range computer ) designed to
meet the computing needs of several people simultaneously in a small to
medium-size business environment.
|
|
Model management |
component of a DSS that consists of the DSS
models and the DSS model management system.
|
|
Modelling |
the activity of drawing a graphical
representation of a design.
|
|
Monitoring-and-surveillance agents |
(or
predictive agents ) are intelligent agents that observe
and report on equipment.
|
|
Mouse |
today's most popular "pointing"
input device.
|
|
Multidimensional analysis (MDA) tools |
slice-and-dice techniques that allow you to
view multidimensional information from different perspectives.
|
|
Multifunction printer
|
scans,
copies, and faxes, as well as prints.
|
|
Multitasking |
allows you to work with more than one piece
of software at a time.
|
|
Municipal area network (MAN) |
covers a metropolitan area.
|
|
Mutation
|
part
of a genetic algorithm; it's the process of trying combinations and
evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome.
|
|
Network
|
two
or more computers connected so that they can communicate with each other and
possibly share information, software, peripheral devices, and/or processing
power.
|
|
Network access point (NAP)
|
a
point on the Internet where several connections converge.
|
|
Network hub |
a device that connects multiple computers
into a network.
|
|
Network interface card (NIC) |
an expansion card or a PC Card (for a
notebook computer) that connects your computer to a net-work and provides the
doorway for information to flow in and out.
|
|
Network service provider (NSP) |
such as MCI or AT&T, owns and maintains
routing computers at NAPs and even the lines that connect the NAPs to each
other.
|
|
Neural network |
(often called an
artificial neural network
or ANN)
an artificial intelligence system that is
capable of finding and differentiating patterns.
|
|
Nonrecurring or ad
hoc , decision |
one that you make infrequently (perhaps
only once) and you may even have different criteria for determining the best
solution each time.
|
|
Nonstructured decision |
a decision for which there may be several "right"
answers and there is no precise way to get a right answer.
|
|
Normalization |
a process of assuring that a relational
database structure can be implemented as a series of two-dimensional
relations.
|
|
Notebook computer |
a fully functional computer designed for
you to carry around and run on battery power.
|
|
Object |
an instance of a class.
|
|
Object-oriented (OO) approach |
combines information and procedures into a
single view.
|
|
Object-oriented database |
works with traditional database information
and also complex data types such as diagrams, schematic drawings, video,
sound and text documents.
|
|
Object-oriented programming language |
a programming language used to develop
object-oriented systems.
|
|
Objective information |
quantifiably describes something that is
known.
|
|
Online training |
runs over the Internet or off a CD-ROM.
|
|
Online analytical processing (OLAP) |
the manipulation of information to support
decision making.
|
|
Online transaction processing (OLTP) |
the gathering of input information,
processing that information, and updating existing information to reflect the
gathered and processing information.
|
|
Operating system software |
system software that controls your
application software and manages how your hardware devices work together.
|
|
Operational database
|
a
database that supports OLTP.
|
|
Operational management |
manages and directs the day-to-day
operations and implementations of the goals and strategies.
|
|
Optical fibre |
a telecommunications medium that uses a
very thin glass or plastic fibre through which pulses of light travel.
|
|
Optical mark recognition (OMR) |
detects the presence or absence of a mark
in a predetermined place (popular for multiple choice exams).
|
|
Output device |
a tool you use to see, hear, or otherwise
accept the results of your information-processing requests.
|
|
Outsourcing |
the delegation of specific work to a third
party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified
level of service.
|
|
Palm Operating System (Palm OS) |
the operating system for Palm and
Handspring PDAs.
|
|
Parallel connector |
has 25 pins, which fit into the
corresponding holes in the port. Most printers use parallel connectors.
|
|
Pattern classification |
the step of ASR in which the system matches
your spoken phonemes to a phoneme sequence stored in an acoustic model
database.
|
|
Peer-to-peer network |
a network in which a small number of
computers share hardware (such as a printer), software and/or information.
|
|
Performance |
measures how quickly an IT system performs
a certain process.
|
|
Permission marketing |
when you have given a merchant your
permission to send you special offers.
|
|
Personal agent |
(or
user agent) an intelligent agent that takes action on
your behalf.
|
|
Personal digital assistant (PDA) |
a small handheld computer that helps you
surf the Web and perform simple tasks such as note taking, calendaring,
appointment scheduling, and maintaining an address book.
|
|
Personal productivity software |
helps you perform personal tasks-such as
writing a memo, creating a graph, and creating a slide presentation-that you
can usually do even if you don't own a computer.
|
|
Personalization |
when a Web site can know enough about your
likes and dislike that it can fashion offers that are more likely to appeal
to you.
|
|
Physical view |
deals with how information is physically
arranged, stored, and accessed on some type of storage device such as a hard
disk.
|
|
Pirated software |
is the unauthorized use, duplication,
distribution or sale of copyrighted software.
|
|
Pivot table |
enables you to group and summarize
information.
|
|
Planning phase |
involves determining a solid plan for
developing your information system.
|
|
PNA adapter card |
an expansion card that you put into your
computer to act as an doorway for information flowing in and out.
|
|
Pocket PC OS |
(or
Windows CE) the operating system for
the PocketPC PDA.
|
|
Point-of-sale (POS) |
for capturing information at the point of a
transaction, typically in a retail environment.
|
|
Pointing stick |
small rubberlike pointing device that
causes the pointer to move on the screen as you apply directional pressure
(popular on notebooks).
|
|
Polymorphism |
simply means "to have many forms."
|
|
Port |
the
plug-in found on the outside of your system box (usually in the back) into
which you plug a connector.
|
|
Portable document format (PDF) |
the standard electronic distribution file
format for heavily formatted documents such as a presentation resume because
it retains the original document formatting.
|
|
Predictive agent |
(or
monitoring-and-surveillance agent ) is an intelligent
agent that observes and reports on equipment.
|
|
Presentation resume |
a format-sensitive document created in a
word processor to outline your job qualifications in one to two printed
pages.
|
|
Primary key |
a field (or group of fields in some cases)
that uniquely describes each record.
|
|
Privacy |
is the right to be left alone when you want
to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be
observed without your consent.
|
|
Private network |
the communications media that your organization
owns or exclusively leases to connect networks or network components.
|
|
Procedure |
manipulates or changes information.
|
|
Procedure view |
contains all of the procedures within a
system.
|
|
Profile filtering |
requires that you choose terms or enter
keywords to provide a more personal picture of you and your preferences.
|
|
Program |
a set of instructions that, when executed,
cause a computer to behave in a specific manner.
|
|
Programming language |
the tool developers use to write a program.
|
|
Project manager |
an individual who is an expert in project
planning and management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks
the plan to ensure all key project milestones are completed on time.
|
|
Project milestone |
represents a key date for which you need a
certain group of activities performed.
|
|
Project plan |
defines the what, when, and who questions
of system development including all activities to be performed, the
individuals, or resources, who will perform the activities, and the time
required to complete each activity.
|
|
Project scope |
clearly defines the high-level system
requirements.
|
|
Project scope document |
a written definition of the project scope
and is usually no longer than a paragraph.
|
|
Proof-of-concept prototype |
a prototype you use to prove the technical
feasibility of a proposed system.
|
|
Prototype |
a model of a proposed product, service, or
system.
|
|
Prototyping |
the process of building a model that
demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system.
|
|
Psychographic filtering |
anticipates your preferences based on the
answers you give to a questionnaire.
|
|
Public key encryption (PKE) |
is an encryption system that uses two keys:
a public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient.
|
|
Public network |
a network on which your organization
competes for time with others.
|
|
Pure play |
an Internet retailer such as Amazon.com that
has no physical stores.
|
|
Push technology |
an environment in which businesses and
organizations come to you with information, services, and product offerings
based on your profile.
|
|
Query-and-reporting tools |
similar to QBE tools, SQL, and report
generators in the typical database environment.
|
|
Query-by-example (QBE) tool |
helps you graphically design the answer to
a question.
|
|
RAM (random access memory) |
temporary storage that holds the
information you're working with, the application software you're using, and
the operating system software you're using.
|
|
Recovery |
the process of reinstalling the backup
information in the event the information was lost.
|
|
Recurring decision |
a decision that you have to make repeatedly
and often periodically, whether weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly.
|
|
Relation |
describes each two-dimensional table or
file in the relational model (hence its name relational database model).
|
|
Relational database model |
uses a series of logically related
two-dimensional tables or files to store information in the form of a
database.
|
|
Repeater |
a device that receives a radio signal,
strengthens it, and sends it on.
|
|
Report generator |
helps you quickly define formats of reports
and what information you want to see in a report.
|
|
Request for proposal (RFP) |
a formal document that describes in detail
your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing
organizations (which we'll refer to as vendors ) to submit bids for its
development.
|
|
Requirements definition document |
defines all of the business requirements
and prioritize them in order of business importance and place them in a
formal comprehensive document.
|
|
Resolution of a printer |
the number of dots per inch (dpi) it
produces, which is the same principle as the resolution in monitors.
|
|
Resolution of a screen |
the number of pixels it has. Pixels
(picture elements) are the dots that make up an image on your screen.
|
|
Reverse auction |
the process in which a buyer posts its
interest in buying a certain quantity of items, and sellers compete for the
business by submitting successively lower bids until there is only one seller
left.
|
|
Risk assessment |
is the process of evaluating IT assets,
their importance to the organization, and their susceptibility to threats, to
measure the risk exposure of these assets.
|
|
Risk management |
consists of the identification of risks or
threats, the implementation of security measures, and the monitoring of those
measures for effectiveness.
|
|
Rivalry among existing competitors |
makes an industry less attractive to enter
when high and more attractive to enter when low.
|
|
Robot |
a mechanical device equipped with simulated
human senses and the capability of taking action on its own.
|
|
Router |
a device that acts as a smart hub
connecting computers into a network, and it also separates your network from
any other network it's connected to.
|
|
Rule-based expert system |
the type of expert system that expresses
the problem-solving process as rules.
|
|
Safe Harbor principles |
the set of rules to which U.S. businesses
that want to trade with the European Union (EU) must adhere.
|
|
Sales force automation (SFA) system |
automatically tracks all of the steps in
the sales process.
|
|
Satellite modem |
a modem that allows you to get Internet
access from a satellite dish.
|
|
Scalability |
the ability of an information system to
adapt to increased demands on its resources.
|
|
Scannable resume (ASCII resume, plain-text
resume) |
designed to be evaluated by
skills-extraction software and typically contain all resume content without
any formatting.
|
|
Scanner |
captures images, photos, and artwork that
already exist on paper.
|
|
Scope creep |
occurs when the scope of the project
increases.
|
|
Script bunny |
(or
script kiddie ) people who would like to be hackers but
don't have much technical expertise
|
|
Script kiddies |
(or
script bunnies ) people who would like to be hackers but
don' t have much technical expertise.
|
|
Search engine |
a facility on the Web that helps you find
sites with the information and/or services you want.
|
|
Security auditing software |
checks out your computer or network for
potential weaknesses.
|
|
Selection |
part of a genetic algorithm that give
preference to better outcomes.
|
|
Self-organizing neural network |
finds patterns and relationships in vast
amounts of data by itself.
|
|
Selfsourcing |
(also called
knowledge worker development
or end user
development ) the development and support of IT systems by knowledge
workers with little or no help from IT specialists.
|
|
Selling prototype |
a prototype you use to convince people of
the worth of a proposed system.
|
|
Serial connector |
usually has 9 holes but may have 25, which
fit into the corresponding number of pins in the port. Serial connectors are
often most used for monitors and certain types of modems.
|
|
Server farm |
a location that stores a group of servers
in a single place.
|
|
Service level agreement (SLA) |
defines the specific responsibilities of
the service provider and sets the customer expectations.
|
|
Shared information |
an environment in which an organization's
information is organized in one central location, allowing anyone to access
and use it as they need to.
|
|
Shopping bot |
or buyer
agent an intelligent agent on a
Web site that helps you, the customer, find the products and services you
want.
|
|
Sign-off |
the knowledge workers' actual signatures
indicating they approve all of the business requirements.
|
|
Skill words |
nouns and adjectives used by organizations
to describe job skills which should be woven into the text of applicants' resume.
|
|
Slack space |
the space left over when a file doesn't
completely fill the last cluster of sectors.
|
|
Smart cards |
plastic cards the size of a credit card
that contain an embedded chip on which digital information can be stored.
|
|
Sociability |
the ability of intelligent agents to confer
with each other.
|
|
Social engineering |
conning your way into acquiring information
to which you have no right.
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Software |
the set of instructions that your hardware
executes to carry out a specific task for you.
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Software suite |
(or simply
suite ) a group of applications sold together by a
software company.
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Spam |
unsolicited e-mail from a company with whom
you have never done business.
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Spoofing |
forging the return address on an e-mail so
that the e-mail message appears to come from someone other than the actual
sender.
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Spyware |
(also called
sneakware or
stealthware ) software that comes
hidden in free downloadable software and tracks your online movements, mines
the information stored on your computer, or uses your computer's CPU and
storage for some task you know nothing about.
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Steganography |
the hiding of information inside other
information.
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Storage device |
a tool you use to store information for use
at a later time.
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Strategic management |
provides an organization with overall
direction and guidance.
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Structure tag |
HTML tag that sets up the necessary
sections and specifies that the document is indeed an HTML document.
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Structured decision |
a decision where processing a certain kind
of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right
answer.
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Structured query language (SQL) |
a standardized fourth-generation query
language found in most DBMSs.
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Subjective information |
attempts to describe something that is
unknown.
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Supercomputer |
the fastest, most powerful, and most
expensive type of computer.
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Supplier power |
high when buyers have few choices of whom
to buy from, and low when there are many choices.
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Supply chain management (SCM) system |
tracks inventory and information among
business processes and across companies.
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Switch |
a device that connects multiple computers
into a network in which multiple communications links can be in operation
simultaneously.
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Switching costs |
the costs that can make customers reluctant
to switch to another product or service.
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System bus |
consists of the electronic pathways which
move information between basic components on the motherboard, including
between your CPU and RAM.
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Systems development life cycle (SDLC) |
a structured step-by-step approach for
developing information systems.
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System software |
handles tasks specific to technology
management and coordinates the interaction of all technology devices.
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Tactical management |
develops the goals and strategies outlined
by strategic management.
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TCP/IP (transport control protocol/Internet
protocol) |
the primary protocol for transmitting
information over the Internet.
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Technical architecture |
defines the hardware, software, and
telecommunication equipment required to run the system.
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Technology-literate knowledge worker |
a person who knows how and when to apply
technology.
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Telecommunications device |
a tool you use to send information to and
receive it from another person or location.
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Telecommuting |
the use of communications technologies
(such as the Internet) to work in a place other than a central location.
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Telephone modem |
(or
modem ) a device that connects your computer to your
phone line so that you can access another computer or network.
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Temporary advantage |
an advantage that, sooner or later, the
competition duplicates or even leapfrogs with a better system.
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Terabyte (TB) |
roughly one trillion bytes.
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Test condition |
a detailed step the system must perform
along with the expected result of the step.
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Testing phase |
verifies that the system works and meets
all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase.
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Thin client |
a workstation with a small amount of
processing power and costs less than a full-powered workstation.
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Threat of new entrants |
high when it is easy for competitors to
enter the market and low when it is difficult for competitors to enter the
market.
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Threat of substitute products or services
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alternatives
to using a product or service.
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Three-dimensional (3D) technology |
presentations of information give you the
illusion that the object you're viewing is actually in the room with you.
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Three generic strategies |
cost leadership, differentiation, or a
focused strategy.
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Thrill-seeker hacker |
a hacker who breaks into computer systems
for entertainment.
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Top-level domain |
three-letter extension of a Web site
address that identifies its type.
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Touch pad |
another form of a stationary mouse on which
you move your finger to cause the pointer on the screen to move (popular on
notebooks).
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Touch screen |
special screen that lets you use your
finger to point at and touch a particular function you want to perform.
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Trackball |
an upside-down, stationary mouse; using it,
you move the ball instead of the device (mainly for notebooks).
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Traditional technology approach |
has two primary views of any
system-information and procedures-and it keeps these two views separate and
distinct at all times.
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Transaction processing system (TPS) |
processes transactions that occur within an
organization.
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Transnational firm |
firm that produces and sells products and
services in countries all over the world.
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Trojan-horse software |
software you don't want hidden inside
software you do want.
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Trojan-horse virus |
hides inside other software, usually an
attachment or download.
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True search engine |
uses software agent technologies to search
the Internet for key words and then places them into indexes.
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Unallocated space |
the set of clusters that have been set
aside to store information, but have not yet received a file, or still
contain some or all of a file marked as deleted.
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Uniform resource locator (URL) |
an address for a specific Web page or
document within a Web site.
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Uninstaller software
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utility
software that you can use to remove software from your hard disk that you no
longer want.
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Universal serial bus (USB) |
becoming the most popular means of
connecting devices to a computer. Most standard desktops today have at least
two USB ports, and most standard notebooks have at least one.
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User acceptance testing (UAT) |
determines if the system satisfies the
business requirements and enables the knowledge workers to perform their jobs
correctly.
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User agent |
(or
personal agent ) an intelligent agent that takes action
on your behalf.
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User documentation |
highlights how to use the system.
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User interface management of an expert
system |
the part of the expert system that you use
to run it.
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Utility software |
software that provides additional
functionality to your operating system.
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Value-added network (VAN) |
a semipublic network that provides services
beyond the movement of information from one place to another.
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Value chain |
a tool that views the organization as a
chain-or series-of processes, each of which adds value to the product or
service for the customer.
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Value network |
all of the resources behind the click on a
Web page that the customer doesn't see, but that together create the customer
relationship-service, order fulfillment, shipping, financing, information
brokering, and access to other products and offers.
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Vertical market software |
application software that is unique to a
particular industry.
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View |
allows you to see the contents of a
database file, make whatever changes you want, perform simple sorting, and
query to find the location of specific information.
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Viral marketing |
encourages users of a product or service
supplied by a B2C company to ask friends to join in as well.
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Virtual private network |
uses software to establish a secure channel
on the Internet for transmitting data.
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Virtual private network (VPN) |
a public network that promises availability
to your organization, but doesn't provide you with a dedicated line or
communications media.
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Virtual reality |
a three-dimensional computer simulation in
which you actively and physically participate.
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Virtual workplace |
a technology-enabled workplace with no
walls and no boundaries. One can work anytime, anyplace, linked to other
people and information, wherever they are.
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Virus |
(or
computer virus ) software that is written with the
intention to cause annoyance or damage.
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Walker |
an input device that captures and records
the movement of your feet as you walk or turn in different directions.
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Wearable computer |
a fully-equipped computer that you wear as
a piece of clothing or attached to a piece of clothing similar to way you
would carry your cell phone on your belt.
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Web browser software |
enables you to surf the Web.
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Web farm |
either a Web site that has multiple
servers, or an ISP that provides Web site outsourcing services using multiple
servers.
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Web page |
a specific portion of a Web site that deals
with a certain topic.
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Web portal |
a site that provides a wide range of
services, including search engines, free e-mail, chat rooms, discussion
boards, and links to hundreds of different sites.
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Web server |
provides information and services to Web
surfers.
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Web Services |
software applications that talk to other
software applications over the Internet using XML as a key enabling
technology.
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Web site |
a specific location on the Web where you
visit, gather information, and perhaps even order products.
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Web site address |
a unique name that identifies a specific
site on the Web.
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Web space |
a storage area where you keep your Web
site.
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White-hat (or
ethical ) hacker |
a computer security professional who
is hired by a company to break into its computer system.
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Wide area network (WAN) |
a network that covers large geographic
distances, such as a province, a country, or even the entire world.
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WiFi |
stands for
wireless fidelity
(also known as IEEE
802.11b ) a way of transmitting information in wave form that is reasonably
fast and is often used for notebooks.
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Wired communications media |
transmit information over a closed,
connected path.
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Wireless communications media |
transmit information through the air.
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Wireless Internet service provider
(wireless ISP) |
does the same job as standard Internet
service providers except that you don't need a wired connection for access.
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Wireless network access point |
or wireless
access point a device that allows
computers to access a wired network using radio waves.
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Workflow |
defines all of the steps or business rules,
from beginning to end, required for a process to run correctly.
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Workflow system |
automates business processes.
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Workgroup support system (WSS) |
a system designed to support a work team
and to enhance group performance and communication of information.
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Workshop training |
set in a classroom-type environment and led
by an instructor.
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World Wide Web |
or
Web , a multimedia-based collection
of information, services, and Web sites supported by the Internet.
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Worm |
a type of virus that spreads itself, not
just from file to file, but from computer to computer via e-mail and other
Internet traffic.
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XML (extensible markup language) |
a coding language for the Web that lets
computers interpret the meaning of information in Web documents.
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