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Page 416 1a. 144 (= 72/0.5) years b. 2.67 (= 72/27) percent c. Because population doubles every 12 (72/6) years, it will double approximately twice in 25 years. 2. 3a. The main factors are the quantity of capital, technological progress, efficiency, and social and political factors. b. The other factor determining the growth in real GDP is population growth, since this determines the size of the labour force. Page 426 1a. Given the data in the table, 40.6% of the world’s population lives in low-income countries, 44.5 percent in middle-income countries, and 14.9 percent in high-income countries. b. Total world GNP is approximately $31,314,660 million (= $5170 x 6.065 billion). Total GNP in low-income countries is approximately $1,008,600 million (= $410 x 2.460 billion), or 3 percent. Total GNP in middle-income countries is $5,309,150 million (= $1970 x 2.695 billion), or 17 percent. Total GNP in high-income countries is $24,995,040 million (= $27 680 x .903 billion), or 80%. c. Yes, this statement is true. 2a. Based on the vicious circle of poverty, low investment and rapid population growth both lead to labour-intensive production, which means that productivity growth tends to be low, so that per capita incomes in these countries tends to stay low. b. Governments can break out of the circle of poverty through investments in resources and through population control programs. |