After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to

1. Relate the significance of Taylor's scientific management and the Hawthorne studies to management.
2. Identify the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and relate their importance to employee motivation.
3. Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg.
4. Explain how job enrichment affects employee motivation and performance.
5. Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y.
6. Describe the key principles of goal-setting, expectancy, reinforcement, and equity theories.
7. Explain how open communication builds teamwork, and describe how managers are likely to motivate teams in the future.