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| Ad hoc decision | Ad hoc, or nonrecurring, decision one that you make infrequently (perhaps only once) and you may even have different criteria for determining the best solution each time. (See page(s) 202) |
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| Adaptive filtering | Asks you to rate products or situations and also monitors your actions over time to find out what you like and dislike. (See page(s) 226) |
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| Artificial intelligence | The science of making machines imitate human thinking and behaviour. (See page(s) 211) |
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| Artificial neural network (ANN) | Also called a neural network, an artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns. (See page(s) 218) |
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| Back-propagation neural network | A neural network trained by someone. (See page(s) 220) |
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| Buyer agent | Buyer agent or shopping bot: an intelligent agent on a Web site that helps you, the customer, find the products and services you want. (See page(s) 225) |
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| Choice | The third step in the decision-making process where you decide on a plan to address the problem or opportunity. (See page(s) 201) |
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| Collaboration software | Software that allows people to work together on a given project or document. (See page(s) 206) |
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| Collaboration system | A system that is designed specifically to improve the performance of teams by supporting the sharing and flow of information. (See page(s) 206) |
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| Collaborative filtering | A technique to enable a Web site to support personalization. (See page(s) 225) |
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| Crossover | Part of a genetic algorithm where portions of good outcomes are combined in the hope of creating an even better outcome. (See page(s) 222) |
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| Data mining agent | An intelligent agent that operates in a data warehouse discovering information. (See page(s) 228) |
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| Decision support system (DSS) | A highly flexible and interactive IT system that is designed to support decision making when the problem is not structured. (See page(s) 202) |
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| Design | The second phase of the decision-making process. It’s where you consider possible ways of solving the problem, filling the need, or taking advantage of the opportunity. (See page(s) 201) |
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| Domain expert | The person who provides the domain expertise in the form of problem-solving strategies. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Domain expertise | The set of problem-solving steps; it’s the reasoning process that will solve the problem. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Expert system | Also called a knowledge-based system, an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. (See page(s) 213) |
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| Explanation module | The part of an expert system where the “why” information, supplied by the domain expert, is stored to be accessed by knowledge workers who want to know why the expert systems asked a question or reached a conclusion. (See page(s) 217) |
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| Genetic algorithm | An artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem. (See page(s) 222) |
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| Geographic information system (GIS) | A decision support system designed specifically to work with spatial information. (See page(s) 209) |
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| Implementation | The final step in the decision-making process where you put your plan into action. (See page(s) 201) |
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| Inference engine | The processing component of the expert system. It takes your problem facts and searches the knowledge base for rules that fit your problem facts. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Intelligence | The first step in the decision-making process where you find or recognize a problem, need, or opportunity (also called the diagnostic phase of decision making). (See page(s) 201) |
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| Intelligent agent | Software that assists you, or acts on your behalf, in performing repetitive computer-related tasks. (See page(s) 224) |
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| Knowledge acquisition | The person who formulates the domain expertise into an expert system. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Knowledge base | Stores the rules of the expert system. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Knowledge engineer | The person who formulates the domain expertise into an expert system. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Knowledge-based system | Also known as an expert system, an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. (See page(s) 213) |
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| Model management | Component of a DSS that consists of the DSS models and the DSS model management system. (See page(s) 205) |
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| Monitoring-and-surveillance agent | (or predictive agents) are intelligent agents that observe and report on equipment. (See page(s) 227) |
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| Mutation | Part of a genetic algorithm; it’s the process of trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome. (See page(s) 222) |
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| Neural network (artificial neural network, ANN) | An artificial intelligence system that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns. (See page(s) 218) |
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| Nonrecurring decision | (or ad hoc decision) one that you make infrequently (perhaps only once) and you may even have different criteria for determining the best solution each time. (See page(s) 202) |
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| Nonstructured decision | A decision for which there may be several “right” answers and there is no precise way to get a right answer. (See page(s) 202) |
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| Personal agent | An intelligent agent that takes action on your behalf. (See page(s) 226) |
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| Predictive agent | (or monitoring-and-surveillance agent) is an intelligent agent that observes and reports on equipment. (See page(s) 227) |
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| Profile filtering | Requires that you choose terms or enter keywords to provide a more personal picture of you and your preferences. (See page(s) 226) |
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| Psychographic filtering | Anticipates your preferences based on the answers you give to a questionnaire. (See page(s) 226) |
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| Recurring decision | A decision that you have to make repeatedly and often periodically, whether weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly. (See page(s) 202) |
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| Robot | A mechanical device equipped with simulated human senses and the capability of taking action on its own. (See page(s) 212) |
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| Rule-based expert system | The type of expert system that expresses the problem-solving process as rules. (See page(s) 216) |
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| Selection | Part of a genetic algorithm that give preference to better outcomes. (See page(s) 222) |
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| Self-organizing neural network | Finds patterns and relationships in vast amounts of data by itself. (See page(s) 220) |
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| Semistructured decision | Decisions involving procedures that can be partially prespecified, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision. (See page(s) 202) |
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| Shopping bot | (or buyer agent) an intelligent agent on a Web site that helps you, the customer, find the products and services you want. (See page(s) 225) |
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| Structured decision | A decision where processing a certain kind of information in a specified way so that you will always get the right answer. (See page(s) 201) |
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| User agent | (or personal agent) an intelligent agent that takes action on your behalf. (See page(s) 226) |
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| User interface | Is the part of the expert system that you use to run a consultation. (See page(s) 217) |