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Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA
This text based web site follows the scientists and the politics involved in the race for DNA.
( http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/dna/narrative/page1.html )
DNA Makes DNA
This interactive web site looks at DNA replication in some detail.
( http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html )
Build a DNA Model
This interactive web site allows students to make a model of DNA.
( http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/builddna/ )
DNA Interactive
Throughout history, people have speculated on the substance that carries the instructions to make life. What carries hereditary information from one generation to the next? How does it all work? In Code, find out how these questions were answered. Follow the scientists who made the discoveries and the mistakes as they unravelled the mystery of the DNA code.
( http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html )
DNA Animations
This is a collection of animations that may help you out with lectures or presentations on DNA, mitosis, PCR, biology: just a wide range of fun biological animations.
( http://www.chromosome.com/animations.html )
DNA Repair
This animation provides the essential features of nucleotide excision repair.
( http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v1/n1/animation/nrc1001-022a_swf_MEDIA1.html )
DNA Workshop
The activity in this section places you within the cell, involving you with the processes of DNA replication and protein synthesis.
( http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/index.html )
DNA from the Beginning: Molecular Genetics
This interactive web site provides students with an opportunity to explore DNA and protein synthesis. It includes animations, galleries, audio-visuals, problems, and links.
( http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/15/concept/ )
DNA from the Beginning: Genetic Organization and Control
This interactive web site provides students with an opportunity to explore such as "jumping genes" to the human genome. It includes animations, galleries, audio-visuals, problems, and links.
( http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/29/concept/ )
How to Extract DNA from Anything Living
This quick and easy activity uses common household materials to extract DNA from a variety of sources. Explanations and reasons for each step, as well as frequently asked questions and ideas for extensions are included. It includes a Power Point Presentation and student handouts.
( http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/teachers/tindex/overview.cfm?id=86 )
PBS – Scientific American: The Gene Hunters
Alan Alda introduces a number of scientists working in the area of genetics. This web site provides links to topics including Hope for Gene Therapy, Why the Y, and Falling in Love with DNA.
( http://www.pbs.org/saf/1202/resources/resources-1.htm )
DNA Chips
Click on the animation to study the basics of DNA chip technology and one of its most important applications.
( http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/majorsbiology/dnachips.html )
Gel Electrophoresis
Click on the animation to study the basics of gel electrophoresis and a method called blotting.
( http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/majorsbiology/gelelectrophoresis.html )
Meselson-Stahl Experiment: DNA Replication
Click on the animation to follow a recreation of this experiment.
( http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/majorsbiology/meselson.html )
The Basics of Recombinant DNA
This text based web site provides students with basic information on recombinant DNA technology.
( http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Projects00/rdna/rdna.html )
Gel Electrophoresis
This interactive web site provides students with an opportunity to explore gel electrophoresis.
( http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/biotech/gel/ )
DNA Microarray
This interactive web site provides students with an opportunity to explore DNA Microarrays.
( http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/biotech/microarray/ )
The Human Genome Project
A text based web site that provides information on the Human Genome Project including the ethical implications of genetic engineering.
( http://www.actionbioscience.org/genomic/carroll_ciaffa.html )
Transcribe and Translate a Gene
This interactive web site reinforces the concepts of transcription and translation.
( http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/ )
DNA Microarry Methodology
This animation demonstrates how DNA Microarry Experiments are performed.
( http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/chip/chip.html )
Rediscovering Biology: Image and Animation Archive
Topics include: Creation of a Transgenic Animal, Microarray Experiment, and Recombinant DNA.
( http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/biology/archive/animations.html )
Cohen/Boyer/Berg: The First Genetically Engineered Organism
This pdf file outlines the first genetically engineered organism.
( http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/raven6b/graphics/raven06b/howscientiststhink/20-lab.pdf )
Genetics and Patenting
This text based web site provides students with information on the issue of patenting genetic information.
( http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/patents.shtml )
Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee
This text based web site provides a comprehensive look at biotechnology in Canada.
( http://cbac-cccb.ca/epic/internet/incbac-cccb.nsf/en/ah00217e.html )
Nova Online: 18 Ways to Make a Baby
The program investigates the brave new world of assisted reproduction. Advances in reproductive technology have enabled doctors and prospective parents to explore many new methods of conception. NOVA examines infertility treatments that push the limits of biology.
( http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divide.html )
Exclusion Mapping
Exclusion mapping is a technique used to map the location of a gene by successively eliminating regions of the chromosome that cannot contain the gene. This animation illustrates the chromosomes of two half sisters who have each inherited Rett syndrome.
( http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/animations/exclusion/exclusion_frames.htm )
Max Animations
Animation of the Cohen and Boyer genetic engineering experiment. They showed that the gene for frog rRNA could be transferred and expressed in bacterial cells.
( http://www.maxanim.com/genetics/Genetic%20Engineering/Genetic%20Engineering.htm )
Gel Electrophoresis
Interactive animation of how gel electrophoresis works.
( http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/biotech/gel/ )
Page 630
Scientific exploration is not free from social and political values and biases. For example, Rosalind Franklin’s role in the study of DNA was largely ignored during her lifetime, partly because of sexist attitudes toward women in science in the 1950s and because of an ongoing “feud” with Maurice Wilkins. Linus Pauling, who also was hot on the trail of the structure of DNA, missed a key scientific conference in London because the U.S. State Department refused to grant him a VISA due to his antiwar views. What part did personalities and politics play in the race to unlock the DNA code?


The Secret of Photo 51
Does the story of DNA have the makings of a spy thriller? Investigate how history has treated Rosalind Franklin.
( http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/photo51/ )
The Unsung Hero of the DNA Revolution
Consult this informative web page to consider another view of Rosalind Franklin's role in the discovery of DNA.
( http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ht/36.1/rapoport.html#FOOT45 )
A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Read the paper that revolutionized the study of genetics. Watson and Crick's brief publication, reprinted from the April 1953 issue of Nature, is presented here with helpful annotations.
( http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/coldspring/ideas/index.html )
Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA
This special collection of personal and professional papers, photos, and audio and video clips from Oregon State University documents the race to discover DNA's structure from the perspective of one of the losers.
( http://osulibrary.orst.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/dna/index.html )
Page 631
The semi-conservative model for DNA replication was one of three models proposed. The other two models are the conservative model and the dispersive model. How are these models different from the semi-conservative model? What experiments demonstrated that the semi-conservative model, not the conservative model or dispersive model, correctly illustrates how DNA replicates?


DNA Interactive
Set up as problems to solve, this web-based, interactive tutorial set lets you solve puzzles related to the structure of DNA and the processes involved in replicating, reading, and controlling it. Click on the "Copying the Code" selection to investigate the three models for DNA replication. (You might, however, like to remain afterwards to explore the other tutorials.)
( http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html )
DNA Replication
This web page is intended for college students, but the topic of DNA replication, which starts the page, is readily accessible.
( http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/dogma/repl.htm )
Meselson and Franklin W. Stahl
The Replication of DNA in Escherichia Coli by Matthew Read about the classic experiment that established the semi-conservative model of DNA replication—in the words of its designers.
( http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/44/7/671?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltex )
Page 654
Different countries have developed different laws related to patenting genetic information. How do the laws in Canada compare with the laws in the United States, Europe, or Japan? Which country’s laws do you think are more effective?


Patenting Life Forms: An International Comparison
This article, from the Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee, is best skim-read for sense first, so that pertinent portions of the article may be selected for closer examination.
( http://www.cbac-cccb.ca/epic/internet/incbac-cccb.nsf/en/ah00399e.html )
Ontario defies US firm's genetic patent
Some health agencies have chosen to ignore a US firm's genetic patent, while others are abiding by the US patent law. Some question the legitimacy of the patent stating that it shouldn't have been granted in the first place.
( http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/166/4/494 )
Human Genome Project Information – Genetics and Patenting
Patent laws specific to the United States.
( http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/patents.shtml )
Page 655
Golden rice has wide-ranging humanitarian benefits, but it is not without controversy, both scientific and social. What concerns have been raised about this genetically modified food? How have those concerns been responded to, and what questions still remain?


The Golden Rice Project
This web site covers the history, science, and field trials of golden rice from the perspective of its inventors, Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer.
( http://www.goldenrice.org/ )
Questions about Golden Rice and its Inventor Begin to Surface
GMWatch.org, an organization representing a cautious, skeptical view toward genetically modified foods and organisms, offers an alternative perspective to consider.
( http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=105&page=P )
Greenpeace Attacks Golden Rice Claims
Read the article that opened the door to public scrutiny of golden rice and its claims.
( http://www.biotech-info.net/fools_gold.html )
Potrykus Responds to Greenpeace Criticism
As criticism in the world press mounts, the chief inventor of golden rice responds.
( http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Ingo-Potrykus-Responds-9feb01.htm )
A Portal to Golden Rice, 2000–2004
This web site collects numerous web-based articles related to golden rice and the controversy that began to grow around it.
( http://www.biotech-info.net/golden.html )
Golden Rice: The Sequel
A new version of the rice—does it address the concerns raised about the first "crop"?
( http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/gm-food/dn7196--new-golden-rice-carries-far-m )
Golden Rice Case Study
Carry out your own debate and reach your own conclusions with this activity developed at Iowa State University.
( http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/publications/case_studies/golden_rice/default.html )
Page 667 Go Further…
1. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that code for proteins that stimulate cell division. Mutated proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes. List and describe three types of mutations that could convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.
3. Certain viruses can cause proto-oncogenes to become oncogenes. Hypothesize how this might occur. Research this topic to confirm your hypothesis.


The Science Creative Quarterly from University British Columbia
Oncogenese: The (Autosomal) Dominant Evil
( http://www.scq.ubc.ca/?p=365 )
Cancer and Oncogenes
Biology Notes from Langara College, British Columbia
( http://www.langara.bc.ca/biology/mario/Biol2430notes/biol2430chap22.html )
Biology and Cancer
Cancer Notes from a Biology Class
( http://www.abbysenior.com/biology/cancer.htm )







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