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1 | |
The fetus receives nourishment primarily through: |
| | A) | antibodies. |
| | B) | meconium. |
| | C) | the placenta. |
| | D) | amniotic fluid. |
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2 | |
A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is: |
| | A) | a low-carbohydrate diet. |
| | B) | fasting. |
| | C) | smoking. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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3 | |
To produce a healthy infant, the mother should ideally have an adequate diet: |
| | A) | during the 9 months she carries the infant. |
| | B) | during the last trimester when the baby is growing so rapidly. |
| | C) | during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. |
| | D) | beginning months before conception occurs and continuing through the period of lactation. |
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4 | |
Which of the following is the term used for the joining of an egg and a sperm from conception until about 2 weeks gestation. |
| | A) | zygote |
| | B) | embryo |
| | C) | fetus |
| | D) | infant |
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5 | |
During which trimester do most organs show great development, making this the most critical time with respect to fetal development? |
| | A) | 1st |
| | B) | 2nd |
| | C) | 3rd |
| | D) | all of the above |
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6 | |
The third trimester is the main time for storage of: |
| | A) | iron, fat, and calcium. |
| | B) | iron, calcium, and folate. |
| | C) | vitamin D, vitamin K, and fat. |
| | D) | fat, calcium, and folate. |
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7 | |
Infants born after normal gestation length but weighing less than 5.5 pounds are labeled |
| | A) | low birth weight. |
| | B) | small for gestational age. |
| | C) | preterm. |
| | D) | normal, the smaller the better |
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8 | |
The pregnant woman needs to increase her energy intake by about how many calories per day during the last two trimesters of pregnancy. |
| | A) | 100 kcal |
| | B) | 300 kcal |
| | C) | 500 kcal |
| | D) | 800 kcal |
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9 | |
An energy source to avoid in pregnancy is: |
| | A) | fat. |
| | B) | protein. |
| | C) | carbohydrate. |
| | D) | alcohol. |
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10 | |
Which of the following is not a component of weight gain in pregnancy? |
| | A) | breast tissue |
| | B) | amniotic fluid |
| | C) | thigh muscles |
| | D) | blood volume |
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11 | |
An increased requirement for which nutrients during pregnancy is related to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells. |
| | A) | vitamin E and vitamin C |
| | B) | niacin and copper |
| | C) | folate and vitamin B-12 |
| | D) | protein and calcium |
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12 | |
Weight gain in pregnancy for healthy women should usually be at least: |
| | A) | 15 to 25 pounds. |
| | B) | 25 to 35 pounds. |
| | C) | 28 to 40 pounds. |
| | D) | 35 to 45 pounds. |
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13 | |
Which condition can occur if calories (particularly carbohydrates) are extremely low. This results in a poor energy supply for the fetal brain, possibly leading to decreased brain development. |
| | A) | apoptosis |
| | B) | diverticulosis |
| | C) | ketosis |
| | D) | all of the above |
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14 | |
The practice of eating dirt, clay, or laundry starch during pregnancy is called: |
| | A) | meconium. |
| | B) | cretinism. |
| | C) | pica. |
| | D) | pregnancy-induced hypertension. |
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15 | |
During pregnancy women instinctively know the essential foods that provide proper nutrients for the fetus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
During pregnancy the woman who is a vegan may not obtain adequate amounts of which of the following nutrients? |
| | A) | niacin, vitamin D, magnesium, and iodide |
| | B) | calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B-12 |
| | C) | thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and folate |
| | D) | vitamin C, vitamin B-6, phosphorus, and sodium |
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17 | |
Which of the following probably faces the highest pregnancy risk? |
| | A) | white, mature, lower socioeconomic family |
| | B) | nonwhite, adolescent, upper middle-class family |
| | C) | white, mature female, middle-class family |
| | D) | nonwhite, adolescent, lower socioeconomic family |
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18 | |
Select the following factor that is not likely to pose a risk to maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and childbirth. |
| | A) | underweight mother |
| | B) | maternal age 15 years or under |
| | C) | many closely spaced pregnancies |
| | D) | maternal age of 30 to 35 years |
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19 | |
The risk of delivering a premature or small for gestational age infant increases with maternal: |
| | A) | smoking. |
| | B) | alcohol consumption. |
| | C) | illegal or improper drug use. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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20 | |
Though it is impossible to exactly define a successful pregnancy, which of the following is a desirable goal: |
| | A) | gestational period longer than 40 weeks. |
| | B) | gestational period longer than 37 weeks. |
| | C) | birth weight greater than 2500 grams. |
| | D) | B and C. |
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21 | |
To avoid constipation, the pregnant woman should increase her intake of: |
| | A) | milk and dairy products. |
| | B) | whole-grain bread and fruits. |
| | C) | sugars and starches. |
| | D) | lean meat, poultry, and fish. |
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22 | |
The "physiological anemia of pregnancy" is a result of a(n): |
| | A) | increase in the mother's blood volume. |
| | B) | decrease in the mother's iron absorption. |
| | C) | decrease in the mother's water consumption. |
| | D) | decrease in the mother's red blood cell production. |
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23 | |
The hormone responsible for the let-down reflex in breastfeeding is: |
| | A) | thyroid-stimulating hormone. |
| | B) | prolactin. |
| | C) | insulin. |
| | D) | oxytocin. |
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24 | |
Which of the following is not an attribute of human milk? |
| | A) | high lactose content |
| | B) | presence of a bifidus factor |
| | C) | antibody content |
| | D) | high mineral content |
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25 | |
Colostrum: |
| | A) | can be synthesized by the newborn infant but not by a fetus. |
| | B) | is a source of antibodies and secreted from the breast for the first few days after birth. |
| | C) | contains primarily fat. |
| | D) | is a hormone involved in stimulating lactation. |
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26 | |
A major advantage of breastfeeding for the infant is: |
| | A) | the E. coli factor. |
| | B) | passive immunity. |
| | C) | the high casein content. |
| | D) | low lactose content. |
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27 | |
An attribute of human milk that keeps the infant from supporting the growth of some harmful intestinal bacteria is: |
| | A) | lactase. |
| | B) | albumin. |
| | C) | let-down reflex. |
| | D) | bifidus factor. |
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28 | |
The let-down reflex: |
| | A) | causes depression in a new mother after the birth. |
| | B) | moves the hindmilk toward the nipple after the infant has drawn the foremilk. |
| | C) | forces milk to the nipple area of the breast. |
| | D) | stimulates the "rooting reflex" |
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29 | |
In general, nutritional deficits in the breastfeeding mother: |
| | A) | reduce the quantity of her milk. |
| | B) | reduce all nutrients equally. |
| | C) | stop lactation entirely. |
| | D) | reduce the quality of her milk. |
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30 | |
The breastfeeding woman with normal fat stores from pregnancy needs to increase her energy intake by about how many calories per day? |
| | A) | 100 kcal |
| | B) | 300 kcal |
| | C) | 500 kcal |
| | D) | 800 kcal |
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31 | |
Advantages and benefits of breastfeeding to the mother include all but which of the following? |
| | A) | greater convenience |
| | B) | a more rapid loss of the fat tissue that may have accumulated in her body during pregnancy |
| | C) | fosters close contact between mother and infant |
| | D) | less nutritional demands on the mother |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education