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1 | |
During aging, the needs for vitamins and minerals |
| | A) | continually fluctuate. |
| | B) | greatly decrease. |
| | C) | somewhat increase in some cases. |
| | D) | greatly increase. |
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2 | |
Compression of morbidity can be defined as: |
| | A) | having the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest number of years with illness or disability. |
| | B) | representing a low death rate from chronic diseases. |
| | C) | having a longer life. |
| | D) | postponing illness until such time as there is an adequate treatment or cure. |
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3 | |
The life expectancy for the general population in the U.S. is about: |
| | A) | 65 years. |
| | B) | 70 years. |
| | C) | 77 years. |
| | D) | 120 years. |
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4 | |
Because of the high incidence of hypertension in the United States, many people are encouraged to lower their intake of: |
| | A) | meats. |
| | B) | sugars and sweets. |
| | C) | dairy products. |
| | D) | salt. |
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5 | |
Among the older population of the United States, the age of the fastest growing segment is: |
| | A) | 65. |
| | B) | 74. |
| | C) | 79. |
| | D) | 85+. |
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6 | |
At the turn of the century the most common cause of death was: |
| | A) | cancer. |
| | B) | cardiovascular disease. |
| | C) | accidents. |
| | D) | infectious diseases. |
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7 | |
Hypotheses on aging include all except which of the following ideas? |
| | A) | reduced physical activity spares physiological deterioration. |
| | B) | cell loss is genetically programmed. |
| | C) | partial misdirection of the immune system occurs. |
| | D) | intracellular sludge accumulates. |
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8 | |
Experiments on animals show that the animals who lived the longest were: |
| | A) | fed nutritionally balanced diets that contained less energy than the amounts normally eaten by the animal. |
| | B) | fed the amounts normally eaten by the animal, but the supply of each specific nutrient was carefully controlled to ensure it always met micronutrient needs. |
| | C) | fed nutritious diets in larger amounts than normally consumed by the animal. |
| | D) | allowed to eat as much as they wanted at any time they wanted. |
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9 | |
Nutrients that deserve special emphasis in a diet plan for the elderly include all of the following except: |
| | A) | vitamin B-6. |
| | B) | calcium. |
| | C) | zinc. |
| | D) | vitamin A. |
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10 | |
Since the immune system becomes less efficient with age, it is especially important to consume adequate ______________ and ______________, nutrients that contribute to immune function. |
| | A) | vitamin A, vitamin B-6 |
| | B) | protein, zinc |
| | C) | zinc, iodide |
| | D) | vitamin A, vitamin K |
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11 | |
Which of the following refers to the extent to which an organ can preserve essentially normal function despite decreasing cell number or cell activity. |
| | A) | life span |
| | B) | compression of morbidity |
| | C) | life expectancy |
| | D) | reserve capacity |
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12 | |
Common nutrition-related chronic diseases of adults include: |
| | A) | asthma, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. |
| | B) | hypertension, cancer, and arthritis. |
| | C) | atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity. |
| | D) | atherosclerosis, hypertension, and kidney disease. |
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13 | |
Which of the following does NOT describe a physiological change of aging? |
| | A) | decreases in digestion and absorption capacity |
| | B) | reduction in lean body mass |
| | C) | lower basal metabolism |
| | D) | increase in taste sensitivity |
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14 | |
Decreased synthesis of intrinsic factor increases the risk of ______________ deficiency in older adults. |
| | A) | vitamin B-6 |
| | B) | vitamin B-12 |
| | C) | folate |
| | D) | vitamin D |
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15 | |
The fluid recommendation for older adults is the same as for younger adults: |
| | A) | about 1 milliliter per kcal of energy metabolized. |
| | B) | about 2 liters a day. |
| | C) | about 8 cups of fluid daily. |
| | D) | either a, b, or c. |
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16 | |
What factor(s) play a role in the risk for dehydration in older adults? |
| | A) | decreased thirst |
| | B) | decreased immunity |
| | C) | decreased food intake |
| | D) | A and C |
| | E) | B and C |
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17 | |
Gallstones cause: |
| | A) | problems with carbohydrate digestion. |
| | B) | problems with fat digestion. |
| | C) | dysfunction of the pancreas. |
| | D) | reduced filtration by nephrons. |
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18 | |
To combat the high incidence of overweight and obesity in the United States, many people are reducing their intake of: |
| | A) | whole-grain cereals. |
| | B) | calories |
| | C) | cholesterol. |
| | D) | salt. |
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19 | |
Americans have reduced their intakes of saturated fat and cholesterol in the past few years to decrease the risk of: |
| | A) | cardiovascular disease. |
| | B) | colon cancer. |
| | C) | anemia. |
| | D) | osteoporosis. |
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20 | |
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease |
| | A) | quit smoking and reduce saturated fat intake. |
| | B) | reduce exercise to prevent stress on the heart. |
| | C) | obtain 50% of total energy intake from fat and decrease carbohydrate intake. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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21 | |
Recommendations for preventing osteoporosis include: |
| | A) | consuming adequate amounts of calcium from infancy throughout adulthood. |
| | B) | consuming more potassium and selenium. |
| | C) | increasing the intake of iron, magnesium, and zinc during adulthood. |
| | D) | A and B. |
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22 | |
The reason the incidence of obesity increases with age is that: |
| | A) | the basal metabolic rate decreases with age. |
| | B) | physical activity often decreases with age. |
| | C) | energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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23 | |
All of the following are medical treatments currently being studied for Alzheimer's disease except: |
| | A) | estrogen replacement. |
| | B) | antidepressants. |
| | C) | vitamin C. |
| | D) | vitamin E. |
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24 | |
The most current prescription for good health throughout life is to: |
| | A) | establish harmony among physical, psychological and social status. |
| | B) | do whatever you wish, because you are an adult. |
| | C) | take a trip around the world. |
| | D) | all the above. |
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25 | |
Health promotion and disease prevention can be achieved by: |
| | A) | proper diet and exercise. |
| | B) | observing the "no smoking" edict. |
| | C) | limiting alcohol and learning how to deal with stress. |
| | D) | all the above. |
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26 | |
Of the following, the principal nutrition problem of young and middle-aged adults is: |
| | A) | anemia. |
| | B) | goiter. |
| | C) | obesity. |
| | D) | hypoglycemia. |
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27 | |
Some nutrient needs in adulthood are lowered because of decreased needs for: |
| | A) | growth. |
| | B) | maintenance. |
| | C) | physical activity. |
| | D) | regulation of body processes. |
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28 | |
The two key terms for adequate adult nutrition are: |
| | A) | varied and minimum amounts. |
| | B) | colorful foods and abundance. |
| | C) | varied and moderate amounts. |
| | D) | similar and adequate. |
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29 | |
To maintain optimal nutritional status and healthy weight, the diet of an older person should have a ____________ nutrient density and be ____________ in energy content. |
| | A) | low, high |
| | B) | low, low |
| | C) | high, moderate |
| | D) | high, high |
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30 | |
During mid-life, the most important component of the diet to adjust is: |
| | A) | energy intake. |
| | B) | carbohydrate intake. |
| | C) | water intake. |
| | D) | vitamin intake. |
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31 | |
The deficiency of which of the following nutrients may result in anemia? |
| | A) | phosphorus, iron, protein, or selenium |
| | B) | iron, folate, vitamin B-6, or vitamin B-12 |
| | C) | calcium, magnesium, folate, or iron |
| | D) | vitamin C, protein, iron, or manganese |
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32 | |
Nutrition programs such as congregate meals or home-delivered meals provide which of the following? |
| | A) | an improved nutritional status |
| | B) | a social atmosphere |
| | C) | an economical meal for low income elderly |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education