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1 | |
An organelle |
| | A) | is a compartment, particle, or filament that performs specialized functions within the cell. |
| | B) | is a subcategory of smaller organs in the body that function to supply the needs of the larger organs. |
| | C) | the little sac-like structures found in the lungs at the end of the respiratory bronchiole. |
| | D) | the small duct found within the villus of the small intestine that functions to absorb dietary fat. |
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2 | |
Energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats cannot be used directly by the cell but must be transformed into a usable form of energy called |
| | A) | enzymes |
| | B) | active absorption |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | adenosine triphosphate |
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3 | |
The significance of the cell membrane is that |
| | A) | the cell membrane holds the cellular contents |
| | B) | the cell membrane regulates the direction and flow of substances into and out of the cell. |
| | C) | the cell membrane is the means for cell-to-cell communication. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | |
All of the following substances would be moved across the cell membrane by diffusion except: |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | sodium |
| | D) | cholesterol |
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5 | |
Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body? |
| | A) | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| | B) | cells, organelles, phospholipid bilayer, lacteals |
| | C) | cells, tissues, organ systems |
| | D) | cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell nucleus, lysozomes |
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6 | |
Which of the following systems functions to protect, regulate temperature, prevent water loss, and produce a substance that converts to vitamin D? |
| | A) | integumentary system. |
| | B) | endocrine system. |
| | C) | lymphatic system. |
| | D) | urinary system. |
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7 | |
Bone remodeling occurs throughout life as a result of the continuous actions of |
| | A) | myosin and actin |
| | B) | osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| | C) | trabecular and cortical bone |
| | D) | steroid and glycoprotein hormones |
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8 | |
Oxygen and nutrients leave the capillaries and move into which of the following fluids where they are delivered to the cells? |
| | A) | Plasma |
| | B) | Lymph |
| | C) | Mucus |
| | D) | Extracellular |
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9 | |
These cells are very sensitive indicators of the body's nutritional status |
| | A) | Immune system cells |
| | B) | Skeletal system cells |
| | C) | Glial cells |
| | D) | Cholecystokinin |
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10 | |
In order to produce sufficient energy to meet body needs, what must be present in order to convert food energy into enough ATP to supply body needs? |
| | A) | Glucose |
| | B) | Lipids |
| | C) | Oxygen |
| | D) | Water |
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11 | |
Which vitamin plays a key role in the formation of myelin which is a lipoprotein that wraps around nerve fibers, acting like insulating material? |
| | A) | Vitamin A |
| | B) | Vitamin C |
| | C) | Vitamin B-12 |
| | D) | Vitamin E |
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12 | |
Which part of the brain is involved with sensations of hunger and satiety? |
| | A) | Axon terminal |
| | B) | Hypothalamus |
| | C) | Neuroglia |
| | D) | Serotonin |
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13 | |
A diabetic must take their insulin as an injection rather than in the more convenient pill form. Why is this? |
| | A) | Insulin has such an unappealing taste most people would vomit when they took it orally. |
| | B) | Since insulin is a lipid, it is not very well digested or absorbed if taken orally. |
| | C) | As a protein hormone, insulin is deactivated when taken by mouth because its biological activity is destroyed by digestive enzymes. |
| | D) | Insulin must be injected in the arm because that is where it will have its greatest effect. |
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14 | |
Four types of tastes are |
| | A) | Sweet, sour, salty and bitter |
| | B) | Sweet, spicy, salty and bitter |
| | C) | Sweet, spicy, salty and hot |
| | D) | Sweet, caffeine, acidic, grassy |
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15 | |
As each bolus collects in the stomach, which of the following processes are initiated? |
| | A) | Protein digestion |
| | B) | Sterilization of the food |
| | C) | Formation of chyme |
| | D) | All of the above |
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16 | |
The function of mucus in the stomach is to: |
| | A) | neutralize stomach acid. |
| | B) | activate pepsinogen to form pepsin. |
| | C) | protect stomach cells from autodigestion. |
| | D) | emulsify fats. |
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17 | |
Most digestion and absorption takes place in the |
| | A) | Stomach |
| | B) | Small intestine |
| | C) | Pancreas |
| | D) | Large intestine |
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18 | |
Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles? |
| | A) | Breaks apart food particles |
| | B) | Controls passage of food through the GI tract |
| | C) | Controls peristalsis |
| | D) | Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract |
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19 | |
The liver is the first stop for most absorbed nutrients because it: |
| | A) | lies so close to the intestine. |
| | B) | controls blood flow to the heart. |
| | C) | is the end point for the portal vein. |
| | D) | must respond by making the correct amount of insulin. |
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20 | |
Nutrients that enter the lymph for absorption are: |
| | A) | ascorbic acid, minerals, amino acids, and cholesterol. |
| | B) | short-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. |
| | C) | long-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and vitamin A. |
| | D) | minerals, short-chain fatty acids, and carotenoids. |
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21 | |
The digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by: |
| | A) | lipase. |
| | B) | pepsin. |
| | C) | saliva. |
| | D) | bacteria. |
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22 | |
The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is replaced completely about every 2 to 5 days |
| | A) | to remove excess goblet cells that form when the diet is high in fat. |
| | B) | to break down the cells so the intestinal lining doesn't get too thick and thus prevent absorption of the nutrients. |
| | C) | due to incredible wear and tear on the lining of the GI tract. |
| | D) | since high fiber diets literally rub cells off of the intestinal lining when the fiber passes through the GI tract. |
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23 | |
When you take supplements your consumption of certain nutrients may exceed your body's need. The following nutrients would be readily excreted as "waste" by the kidneys if consumed in excess: |
| | A) | Triglycerides |
| | B) | Vitamin C and the B Vitamins |
| | C) | Vitamin A and D |
| | D) | Protein |
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24 | |
The gnawing pain in the upper chest that is caused by acid flowing back into the esophagus from the stomach is called: |
| | A) | lactose intolerance. |
| | B) | ulcer. |
| | C) | hemorrhoids. |
| | D) | heartburn. |
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25 | |
A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to: |
| | A) | use a laxative when needed. |
| | B) | cut down on water intake. |
| | C) | include more high-fiber foods in the diet. |
| | D) | include fewer high-fiber foods in the diet. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education