McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
Additional Resources
Chapter Objectives
Chapter Overview
Multiple Choice Quiz
Flashcards
Key Terms
Internet Exercises
Crossword Puzzles
Chapter Related Readings
Feedback
Help Center


Launching the Imagination
Mary Stewart
Three-Dimensional Design
Three-Dimensional Design- Aspects and Elements

Chapter Overview


  • The first step in creating a design is to understand its purpose. A sculptor seeks to convey ideas and express emotions. A craftsperson or designer is equally concerned with the function and the beauty of an object. Form and function must match.
  • The elements of three-dimensional design are line, plane, volume, mass, space, texture, and color and light.
  • By accurately describing six views of an object, orthographic projection provides a way to develop accurate plans for three-dimensional designs.
  • Artworks can vary in dimensionality-from relief, which uses a flat backing to support dimensional forms, to freestanding sculptures, which must be viewed from all sides. Exhibitions and installations push this effect even further, as the viewer must enter and physically explore the artwork.
  • A line can connect, define, or divide a design. It can be static or dynamic, increasing or decreasing the stability of the form.
  • A shape is created when a line connects to enclose an area; when an area of color or texture is defined by a clear boundary; or when an area is surrounded by a contrasting color, value, or texture. A plane is a shape that has been modified or combined to create a three-dimensional structure.
  • A volume is an area of enclosed three-dimensional space. Volume is often created when planes are connected or multiplied to create an enclosure. A mass is an enclosed area of three-dimensional substance. Both volume and mass can be perceived through primary contours and secondary contours.
  • Space is the partner to substance. Without it, line, plane, volume, and mass lose meaning.
  • Texture refers to the visual or tactile surface of an object. It can be used to increase, decrease, or add complexity to our understanding of a physical object.
  • Like texture, the color of, on, and within an object can increase or decrease our understanding of the form. Light can enhance our perception of a three- dimensional form, attract an audience, or be used as a material in itself.








Copyright2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.