Chapter Overview

The power of each element of design can be amplified through careful composition. To determine the best way to combine multiple parts into a cohesive whole, designers often produce dozens of drawings or three-dimensional models before finalizing an idea.
The three major types of balance are asymmetrical, symmetrical, and radial.
Scale (the size of an object relative to its surroundings) and proportion (the size of one part of an object compared to another part) can enhance both function and communication.
Proximity (the distance between structural components or between a sculpture and the viewer) can increase the impact of scale.
Contrast in texture, dynamics, size, materials, or other variables can be used to emphasize a particular area in a design or to create an opposing visual system.
Repetition increases design unity. Rhythm (repetition with variation) can create a transition from form to form or from surface to surface. Rhythm can be as graceful as a ballet or as percussive as a drumbeat.
The native, or inherent, qualities of each material substantially affect both the structure and the concept in any design.
Two primary construction methods are additive and subtractive.
Connections and transitions can contribute compositional cohesion as well as structural strength.
Finding the right balance between unity and variety is critical. Too much unity can be monotonous, while too much variety becomes chaotic. Similarity in any aspect of the design increases unity. Difference in any aspect of the design increases variety.

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