Chapter Objectives

After reading this chapter you should be able to:

Describe the geologic processes that build and erode the Earth's surface.

List the physical, chemical, and biological factors involved in soil formation.

Explain the importance of humus to soil fertility.

Differentiate between soil texture and soil structure.

Explain how texture and structure influence soil atmosphere and soil water.

Explain the role of living organisms in soil formation and fertility.

Describe the various layers in a soil profile.

Describe the processes of soil erosion by water and wind.

Explain how contour farming, strip farming, terracing, waterways, windbreaks, and conservation tillage reduce soil erosion.

Understand that the misuse of soil reduces soil fertility, pollutes streams, and requires expensive remedial measures.

Explain how land not suited for cultivation may still be productively used for other purposes.

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