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A History of the Modern World
A History of the Modern World, 9/e
R R Palmer, Yale University
Joel Colton, Duke University
Lloyd Kramer, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
The Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union

Chapter Outline

LXXXXI. Backgrounds

  1. Russia after 1881: Reaction and Progress
    1. [Image Prison camp, Siberia, 1890s]
    2. [Image Andrei Zhelyabov, member of People's Will]
    3. [Image Pogrom in Russia]
    4. [Secondary Discussion Pan-Slavism]
    5. [Image Constantine Pobiedonostsev]
    6. [Image Tolstoy]
    7. [Image Ivan Turgenev]
    8. [Image Fyodor Dostoevski]
    9. [Image Piotr Tchaikovsky]
    10. [Image Rimsky-Korsakov]
    11. [Primary Source Witte, Industrial Growth of Russia, 1900]
    12. [Image Count Witte]
    13. [Image Business class]
    14. [Image Nevsky Prospect, St. Petersburg]
    15. [Image Stock Exchange, St. Petersburg]
    16. [Image Factory]
    17. [Image Factory worker]
    18. [Primary Source Constitutional Democratic party Program , 1905]
    19. [Image Mir]
    20. [Image Kulak]
  1. The Emergence of Revolutionary Parties
    1. [Image Peasants]
    2. [Image Peasants]
    3. [Image Gentry home]
    4. [Secondary Discussion Revolutionary intelligentsia]
    5. [Primary Source Social Revolutionary party program, 1905]
    6. [Image Nadezhda Krupskaya]
    7. [Image Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1897]
    8. [Image Leon Trotsky]
    9. [Image Joseph V. Stalin, 1912]
  1. Split in the Social Democrats: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
    1. [Primary Source Joseph Stalin, Disagreements in the Party, 1905]
    2. [Primary Source Bolshevik Program, 1903]
    3. [Primary Source The Mensheviks]

LXXXXII. The Revolution of 1905

  1. Background and Revolutionary Events
    1. [Image Vyacheslav Plehve]
    2. [Image Father George Gapon]
    3. [Secondary Discussion/Primary Sources] Bloody Sunday]
    4. [Image Bloody Sunday]
    5. [Image Palace Square, St. Petersburg]
    6. [Primary Source October Manifesto]
    7. [Secondary Discussion Revolt on the armored cruiser Potemkin]
    8. [Image Trotsky awaiting trial, 1905]
    9. [Image Stalin in Siberia, 1915]
  1. The Results of 1905: The Duma
    1. [Primary Source The Fundamental Law, 1906]
  1. The Stolypin Reforms
    1. [Image Peter Stolypin]
    2. [Primary Source Stolypin Agrarian Reform, 1906]

LXXXXIII. The Revolution of 1917

  1. End of the Tsardom: The Revolution of March 1917
    1. [Image Russian POWs]
    2. [Image Tsarina Alexandra]
    3. [Image Rasputin]
    4. [Secondary Discussion/Primary Source Disturbances during the March Revolution]
    5. [Image Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies]
    6. [Primary Source Abdication of Nicholas II]
    7. [Primary Source Provisional government under Prince Lvov]
    8. [Image Alexander Kerensky]
    9. [Primary Source Lenin, April Theses]
  1. The Bolshevik Revolution: November 1917
    1. [Image Street demonstration in Petrograd, June 1917]
    2. [Image Street fighting in Petrograd, July 1917]
    3. [Image General Lavr Kornilov]
    4. [Image All-Russian Congress of Soviets, June 1917]
    5. [Primary Source Lenin, All-Russian Congress of Soviets, June-July 1917]
    6. [Primary Source Resolutions Adopted by First All-Russian Congress of Soviets, June 1917]
    7. [Primary Source Lenin, The Bolsheviks Must Assume Power, September 1917]
    8. [Image Central Committee of Bolsheviks]
    9. [Primary Source Stalin, Speech at a Meeting of the Central Committee, October 16, 1917]
    10. [Primary Source Lenin, Call to Power, Oct 24, 1917 Politburo Politburo]
    11. [Image Reenactment of Bolshevik seizure of power]
    12. [Primary Source Council of People's Commissars]
    13. [Image First meeting of Council of People's Commissars]
    14. [Primary Source Decree on Peace, November 9, 1917]
    15. [Secondary Discussion/Primary Sources] Constituent Assembly]
  1. The New Regime: The Civil War, 1918-1922
    1. [Image Signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]
    2. [Primary Source Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]
    3. [Map Russian territory lost after Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]
    4. [Map Civil war]
    5. [Image Poster of Trotsky Slaying the Dragon]
    6. [Image Poster, Communists appeal to peasants during Civil War]
    7. [Primary Source Founding the Cheka]
    8. [Image Join the Red Cavalry!, 1920]
    9. [Image Leon Trotsky as war commissar]
    10. [Primary Source 1918 Constitution]
    11. [Secondary Discussion War Communism]
    12. [Image Grain Requisitioning during the Civil War]
    13. [Primary Source Class war: Lenin's Hanging Order for Kulaks, 1918]
    14. [Primary Source Demands of the workers of the metallurgical plant in Motovilikha, December 1918]
    15. [Image General Denikin]
    16. [Image Czech legion]
    17. [Primary Source Military intervention (US and Japan) in East Asia, through Vladivostok
    18. [Primary Source Statement on the Japanese Landing at Vladivostok]
    19. [Image General Peter Wrangel]
    20. [Image Admiral Alexander Kolchak]
    21. [Primary Source Trotsky Speech Rallying Army during Civil War, 19191]
    22. [Image Russian soldiers during war with Poland]
    23. [Primary Source U.S. Participation in the Archangel Expedition, 1918]
    24. [Image White Russian anti-Semitism: Trotsky ]
    25. [Secondary Discussion Red Terror]
    26. [Primary Source Statement by Kronstadt rebels, 1921]
    27. [Image Suppressing the Kronstadt rising 1921]
    28. [Primary Source Emma Goldman, Kronstadt]

LXXXXIV. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

  1. Government: The Nationalities and Federalism
  1. Government: State and Party
    1. [Image Politburo]
    2. [Primary Source Leon Trotsky, Communist Policy toward Art, 1923]
    3. [Primary Source Lenin, Purging the Party, 1921]
  1. The New Economic Policy, 1921-1927
    1. [Image Great famine]
    2. [Image American Relief Association, 1921-22]
    3. [Primary Source Lenin, NEP]
    4. [Image Market under NEP]
    5. [Image NEP poster]
  1. Social and Cultural Changes after the Revolution
    1. [Image A new classless society?]
    2. [Image Street Propaganda]
    3. [Image Street Car Propaganda]
    4. [Image Women's Emancipation, 1920]
    5. [Image Red army troops appropriating church property]
    6. [Primary Source Lenin on Social and Cultural Changes, 1923]
    7. [Image Sergei Eisenstein]
    8. [Image Odessa steps scene, Potemkin (1925)]
    9. [Image Vladimir Mayakovsky]
    10. [Image Socialist realism: Efim Cheptsov, Meeting of village party cell, 1924]
  1. Stalin and Trotsky
    1. [Primary Source Portrait of Trotsky
    2. [Image Lenin in wheelchair, 1923]
    3. [Primary Source Vladimir Lenin, Testament, 1922]
    4. [Image Lenin's first tomb, Red Square]
    5. [Image Cult of Lenin]
    6. [Image Old Bolsheviks: Celebrating Stalin's 50th Birthday, 1929]
    7. [Image Lenin and Joseph Stalin]
    8. [Primary Source Stalin, Socialism in One Country, 1926]
    9. [Image Trotsky in exile in Siberia]

LXXXXV. Stalin: The Five-Year Plans and the Purges

  1. Economic Planning
    1. [Primary Source Joseph Stalin, Industrialization of the Country, 1928]
    2. [Primary Source First Five-Year Plan
    3. [Secondary Discussion Collectivization]
    4. [Image Russian agriculture {1914; need late 1920s}]
  1. The Collectivization of Agriculture
    1. [Image Collective farm]
    2. [Primary Source Dizzy with Success: Pravda, 1930]
    3. [Primary Source Impact of collectivization]
    4. [Image Famine victim]
    5. [Primary Source Grain Problem]
  1. The Growth of Industry
    1. [Image Magnitogorsk]
    2. [Image Steel factory in Stalinsk]
    3. [Map Siberia]
    4. [Image Kasli Iron Works, Urals]
    5. [Image Tashkent cotton factory]
    6. [Image Blast furnace, Kuznetsk, 1932]
    7. [Image Construction and orchestra, 1933]
  1. Social Costs and Social Effects of the Plans
    1. [Primary Source Correctional labor camp]
    2. [Image Self-denial: Worker and Farm Woman, 1937]
    3. [Image Sustaining morale by propaganda: Meet the Five-Year Target Figures for the Production of Coal in Three Years, 1931]
    4. [Image Aleksei Stakhanov]
    5. [Primary Source Stalin, Speech at the First All-Union Conference of Stakhanovites, 1935]
    6. [Image Lenin and H.G. Wells, 1920]
    7. [Primary Source Joseph Stalin, Dialectical and historical materialism, 1938]
    8. [Primary Source Hymn to Stalin]
  1. The Purge Trials of the 1930s
    1. [Image Stalin, 1936]
    2. [Primary Source Constitution of 1936]
    3. [Image Bukharin]
    4. [Image Sergei Kirov]
    5. [Secondary Discussion Kirov murder and purges]
    6. [Secondary Discussion Show trials]
    7. [Image Gregory Zinoviev]
    8. [Image Lev Kamenev]
    9. [Primary Source Stalin's Purges: The Official Explanation]
    10. [Primary Source Rykov's Last Plea, 1938]
    11. [Primary Source Purge Trial of Bukharin]

LXXXVI. The International Impact of Communism, 1919-1939

  1. Socialism and the First World War
    1. [Image Karl Kautsky]
    2. [Image Karl Radek]
  1. The Founding of the Third International
    1. [Image Poster, Communist International, 1919]
    2. [Image First meeting of Comintern]
    3. [Image Lenin at second congress Third International, 1920]
    4. [Image Boris Kustodiev, Second congress of the Comintern, 1921]
    5. [Secondary Discussion Lenin's Twenty-One Points]
    6. [Image Comintern congress, including Communists from many countries]
    7. [Image Michael Borodin]
    8. [Primary Source Zinoviev letter]








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