Chapter Outline

CI. The United States: Depression and New Deal

1. [Image President Herbert Hoover]
2. [Image Bonus March, 1932]
3. [Image Franklin Delano Roosevelt]
4. [Image WPA project, Tuskegee, Alabama, 1936]
5. [Image Public works: Roosevelt dam, Arizona]
6. [Image Civilian Conservation Corps]
7. [Primary Source President Roosevelt, Presidential Statement on National Industrial Recovery Act, 1933]
8. [Image National Recovery Administration poster]
9. [Image John Maynard Keynes]
10. [Secondary Discussion Keynes, The General Theory]
11. [Image Tennessee Valley Authority powerhouse at Tupelo, Mississippi]
12. [Primary Source Abraham Epstein, Social Security under the New Deal, 1935]
13. [Primary Source National Labor Relations Board]
14. [Secondary Discussion National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act]
15. [Image Sit-down strike by United Auto Workers, Flint, 1937]

CII. Trials and Adjustments of Democracy in Britain and France

1. British Politics: The 1920s and the Depression

2. Unemployment "dole"

3. coal-mining industry
1. [Secondary Discussion General Strike]
2. [Secondary Discussion Labour party]

4. 1918 Labour committed to a program of socialism
1. [Image Ramsay MacDonald]
2. [Primary Source Zinoviev letter]

5. Election of May 1929 Unemployment to 3 million

6. National government Election of 1931
1. [Secondary Discussion/Image Stanley Baldwin]
2. [Secondary Discussion/Image Neville Chamberlain]

7. Britain and the Commonwealth: Imperial Relations
1. [Primary Source British Mandate for Palestine]
2. [Secondary Discussion Egyptian independence]
3. Ireland--Rebellion against the British in 1916 Sinn Fein
4. [Primary Source Irish Declaration of Independence, 1919]
5. [Primary Source Constitution of the Irish Free State, 1922]
6. [Map Ulster and Eire]
7. [Primary Source Statute of Westminster of 1931]

8. France: The 1920s and the Coming of the Depression
1. Agitation of fascists
2. Edouard Herriot
3. French Communist party
4. Action Francaise
1. [Image Raymond Poincare]
5. Major strikes ended in failure

9. Depression Ferment and the Popular Front
1. Colonel de le Rocque's Croix de Feu
2. Stavisky Riots of February 1934
3. Popular Front
1. [Image Leon Blum]

10. The Popular Front and After
1. Nationwide wave of "sit-down strikes"
2. Enormous growth in trade union membership
1. [Image Edouard Daladier]
3. Unsuccessful general strike in 1938

11. Western Europe and the Depression

CIII. Italian Fascism

1. [Image Benito Mussolini]
2. [Primary Source Benito Mussolini, What is Fascism, 1932]

1. March 1919 organized from restless ex-soldiers, fascio di combattimento
2. Acute postwar depression and unemployment
3. In the countryside land seizures took place
4. Peasants burned crops and destroyed livestock
5. Great strikes broke out in heavy industry and in transportation
6. Some of the strikes turned into sit-down strikes
7. Armed bands of Blackshirts; brawled with Communists and ordinary workers
8. Catholic Popular/Christian Socialist party
9. Squadristi
1. [Image March on Rome, 1922]

10. Mussolini was named premier
1. [Image Cartoon associating Mussolini with murder of Matteotti]

11. Mussolini reduced the Italian parliament to a nonentity
12. put the press under censorship
13. destroyed the labor unions, deprived labor of the right to strike
14. abolished all political parties except the Fascist party
15. Syndical, or corporative state
16. Lateran accord in 1929
17. In 1938 Chamber of Deputies superseded by Chamber of Fasces and Corporations
18. Vigorous program of public works
19. "battle of wheat" to increase food production
20. reclaiming swamp areas in central Italy
21. hydroelectric power developed
22. widespread psychological exhilaration, feeling Italy underging national revival

CIV. Totalitarianism: Germany's Third Reich

1. The Rise of Adolf Hitler
1. [Image Adolf Hitler]

2. In German army WW1
1. [Image National Socialist German Workers' party]
2. [Image Free corps, Berlin 1920]
3. [Image Kapp putsch of 1920]
4. [Image Brownshirts or Storm Troopers]
5. [Image Walter Rathenau]
6. [Image Matthias Erzberger]
7. [Image Beer hall putsch in Munich, 1923]
8. [Image Mein Kampf]
9. [Image General Ludendorff]
10. [Image German unemployment chart]
11. [Image German workers 1929]
12. [Image Our Last Hope: Hitler: Nazi poster, 1932 presidential election]
13. [Primary Source Hitler's anti-Semitism]
14. [Image Franz von Papen]
15. [Image General Kurt von Schleicher]
16. [Image Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of the German Republic, 1933]
17. [Image Hitler's First Cabinet]
18. [Primary Source Bruno Heilig, Why the German Republic Fell, 1938]

3. The Nazi State
4. Jews driven from public office, civil service, teaching, other professions
1. [Primary Source Nuremberg laws, 1935]

5. Purged party night of June 30, 1934
6. Gestapo
7. People's Courts
8. Concentration camps
1. [Primary Source Nazi youth movement]
2. [Image Youth Serves the Fuhrer]

9. Public works program
1. [Image Autobahn]
2. [Image Rearmament program: Battleship Scharnhorst]
3. [Image Poster, Your Strength Through Joy car]

10. Totalitarianism: Some Origins and Consequences
1. [Primary Source Hymn to Stalin]
2. [Primary Source Oath to Adolf Hitler]
3. [Image Nazi sculpture: The Party and The Army, by Arno Breker]
4. [Image German soldiers marching past Breker's sculpture]
5. [Primary Source Joseph Goebbels, Knowledge and Propaganda, 1928]
6. [Image Goebbels with Hitler and Goering]
7. [Primary Source Joseph Goebbels, The Jew]
8. [Images Anti-Semitic caricatures from Der Sturmer, 1928-1931]
9. [Image Nazi appeal to violence]
10. [Image Investiture of Reich Church Bishop, 1933]
11. [Primary Source Barmen Declaration, 1934]
12. [Image Poster, Hitler Youth]
13. [Image Hitler Youth weapons training]
14. [Image Nazi athletics]
15. [Primary Source Improving the German Aryan Breed, 1933]
16. [Primary Source Order Authorizing Involuntary Euthanasia, October 1939]
17. [Primary Source Cardinal Clemens von Galen, Sermon against Nazi euthanasia, 1941]
18. [Image Nazi rally]

11. The Spread of Dictatorship
1. [Image Antonio Salazar]
2. [Image Engelbert Dollfuss]
3. [Image General Franco]