Chapter Outline

CXV.End of the European Empires in Asia

1. End of the British Empire in Asia
1. [Image Gandhi]
2. [Image Jawaharlal Nehru]
3. [Primary Source Pakistan Resolution of Muslim League, 1940]
4. [Image Muhammad]
5. [Primary Source Ganhdi, Quit India campaign, 1942]
6. [Secondary Discussion Quit India Movement]
7. [Primary Source Jawaharlal Nehru, Speech on the Granting of Indian Independence, 1947]
8. [Primary Source British Government Policy Statement on Burma, 1945]
9. [Map Post-independence South Asia]
10. [Image Gandhi assassinated in 1948]
11. [Primary Source Ghandi's assassin]
12. [Secondary Discussion Kashmir]
13. [Image Indian army in Kashmir, 1948]
14. [Primary Source Declaration of Pakistan and India on Jammu and Kashmir, 1966]
15. [Image 1971 India-Pakistan war in East Pakistan]
16. [Primary Source Nehru, Speech to Bandung Conference, 1955]
17. [Primary Source Documents on the Sino-Indian Conflict, 1962]

2. Nehru's Successors
1. [Image Indira Gandhi]
2. [Image Massacre at Golden Temple at Amritsar]
3. [Image Rajiv Gandhi]
4. [Secondary Discussion History of the Bharatiya Janata
5. [Image 1992 Hindu extremists destroy Muslim mosque]
6. [Image Communal Riots of 1992]

3. Fifty Years of Independence
1. [Secondary Discussion Village India]
2. [Image Health worker visiting Calcutta slum]

4. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan
1. [Image East Pakistan proclaimed independence as Bangladesh, 1971]

5. The Union of Burma (Myanmar)
1. [Primary Source U Nu, Burma Looks Ahead, 1951]
2. [Image Aung San]
3. [Image Aung San Suu Kyi]

6. Malaysia
1. [Secondary Discussion Malayan insurgency, 1948-1960]
2. [Secondary Discussion Commonwealth of Nations: A History]

7. End of the Dutch Empire: Indonesia
1. [Image Sukarno]
2. [Image General Suharto]
3. [Image Arrest of a Communist]

8. End of the French Colonial Empire: Indochina
1. [Image French return to Indochina, 1945]
2. [Primary Source Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, 1945]
3. [Image Warfare in 1946 in Indochina]
4. [Image Ho Chi Minh]
5. [Image Viet Minh]
6. [Primary Source Declaration of the Geneva Conference on Restoring Peace in Indochina, 1954]
7. [Image Dien Bien Phu, 1954]

9. The Americans and the Philippines
1. [Image Emilio Aguinaldo]
2. [Primary Source Declaration of Philippine Independence, 1898]
3. [Image Ferdinand E. Marcos]
4. [Image Corazon Aquino]

10. The African Revolution
1. [Image Aids in Africa]
2. [Image Aids patient]

11. French North Africa
1. [Image Habib Bourguiba]

12. Algeria
1. [Primary Source Proclamation of the National Liberation Front (FLN), 1954]
2. [Image FLN]
3. [Image Assassination during French-Algerian War]
4. [Secondary Discussion Islamic Salvation Front]
5. [Image Terror bombing]

13. End of British Rule in West Africa
1. [Image Ghana independence day]
2. [Primary Source Kwame Nkrumah, I Speak of Freedom, 1961]
3. [Image Kwame Nkrumah]
4. [Primary Source All-African People's Conference, Resolution on Imperialism and Colonialism, 1958]
5. [Image Development project: Hospital in Ghana]
6. [Image Jerry John Rawlings]

14. Nigeria
1. [Image Nnandi Azikewe]
2. [Secondary Discussion The Biafran War]

15. End of British Rule in East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
1. [Primary Source Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya Africa Union is Not the Mau Mau, 1952]
2. [Image Jomo Kenyatta]
3. [Secondary Discussion Kenya: The Struggle for Independence]
4. [Image Daniel arap Moi ]
5. [Image Julius Nyerere http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/images/nyerere.jpg]
6. [Image Milton Obote]
7. [Image Idi Amin]
8. [Primary Source Eriya Kategaya, Statement on AIDS in Uganda, 2001

16. Southern Africa
1. [Image Robert Mugabe]

17. The Union of South Africa
1. [Image Nationalist party cabinet, 1948]
2. [Primary Source The National Party's Colour Policy, 1948]
3. [Primary Source The Case for Apartheid, 1953]
4. [Primary Source UN Resolution on Race Conflict in South Africa, 1961]
5. [Image Nelson Mandela]
6. [Primary Source Nelson Mandela, Speech on Release from Prison, 1990]
7. [Primary Source Strategy and Tactics of the ANC, 1969]
8. [Secondary Discussion Sharpeville Massacre, 1960]
9. [Image Sharpeville Massacre]
10. [Image F.W. de Klerk ]
11. [Secondary Discussion How the African National Congress Began]
12. [Image Thabo Mbeki]

17. The French Sub-Saharan Empire
1. The Belgian Congo: From Mobutu's Zaire to the Democratic Republic of Congo
2. [Image Patrice Lumumba]
3. [Image Joseph Desire Mobutu]
4. [Primary Source U Thant, The Congo Problem, 1962]
5. [Image Laurent Kabila]

18. Burundi and Rwanda
1. [Image Massacre of Tutsi in Rwanda, 1994]

19. End of the Portuguese Colonial Empire
1. [Secondary Discussion Moscow and the Angolan Crisis, 1974-76]
2. [Image Army overthrew Portuguese dictatorship in 1971]

20. Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and Sudan
1. [Image Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie]
2. [Secondary Discussion Eritrea-Ethiopia Conflict]

21. Liberia and Sierra Leone: Civil War

22. The African Revolution
1. [Image Leopold Senghor]
2. [Image Wole Soyinka]
3. [Image Chinua Achebe
4. [Image African refugees]
5. [Primary Source Charter of the Organization of African Unity, 1963]
6. [Image Organization of African Unity]

CXVI. Ferment in the Middle East

1. The Islamic and the Arab World
1. [Image Oil drilling rig in Saudi Arabia]
2. [Primary Source Pact of the League of Arab States, 1945]
3. [Secondary Discussion Palestine Liberation Organization]
4. [Image Colonel Gamal Abdel-Nasser]

2. The Emergence of Israel
1. [Primary Source Balfour Declaration, 1917]
2. [Primary Source League of Nations mandate for Palestine]
3. [Image Facilitating Jewish migration to Palestine]
4. [Image Jewish refugees arriving in Israel, 1948]
5. [Primary Source Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948]
6. [Image MFA]
7. [Primary Source Arab League declaration on the invasion of Palestine, 1948]
8. [Image Palestinian refugees]
9. [Secondary Discussion History of the Rashidiyya refugee camp, Lebanon]

3. The New State of Israel
1. [Primary Source Law of Return, 1950]
2. [Image David Ben-Gurion and First Israeli government, 1949]
3. [Primary Source David Ben-Gurion, Broadcast to the nation, May 1948]
4. [Image David Ben-Gurion reads Israel's Proclamation of Independence]
5. [Image Knesset building]

4. The Arab-Israeli Wars after Independence
1. [Maps Arab-Israeli Wars]
2. [Image Israel tanks in war with Egypt, 1956]
3. [Image Six-Day War, 1967: Egyptian planes destroyed by Israelis]
4. [Map Golan Heights]
5. [Image Yom Kippur War, 1973]
6. [Map War in Sinai, 1973]
7. [Primary Source Eisenhower Doctrine]
8. [Image Yasir Arafat]
9. [Image Menachem Begin]
10. [Image Anwar al-Sadat]
11. [Image President Hosny Mubarak]
12. [Image King Hussein]

5. Israel, the Occupied Territories, and Peace Negotiations
1. [Primary Source The Palestinian National Charter, 1968]
2. [Primary Source Oslo Declaration]
3. [Images New intifada 2000]
4. [Images New intifada 2000]

6. Libya and Syria
1. [Image Colonel Muhammad al-Quaddafi]
2. [Image Hafez al-Assad]
3. [Secondary Discussion Muslim Brotherhood Movement]

7. The Revolution in Iran
1. [Image Shah of Iran]
2. [Image Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returning from exile, 1979]
3. [Primary Source Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, The Uprising of Khurdad 15, 1979]
4. [Image Seizure of American Embassy in Tehran, 1979]

8. The War between Iran and Iraq
1. [Image Saddam Hussein]
2. [Image Iran-Iraq War]
3. [Map Iran-Iraq War, 1980-88]
4. [Image Muhammed Khatami]

9. Iraq and the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991
1. [Image Operation Desert Storm]

10. Changes in the Middle East
1. [Image Afghanistan fell to Taliban movement, 1996]
2. [Secondary Discussion Sharia]

CXVII.Changing Latin America

1. The Colonial Experience and the Wars for Independence

2. The Colossus to the North
1. [Primary Source Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine ]
2. [Primary Source Calvin Coolidge, Intervention in Nicaragua]
3. [Image Poverty in Latin America]

3. Economic Growth and Its Problems
1. [Primary Source Inter-American Committee, Problems of Latin American Economies, 1965]
2. [Image Getulio Vargas]
3. [Primary Source President John Kennedy, On the Alliance for Progress, 1961]
4. [Image Vincente Fox]

4. End of Yankee Imperialism?
1. [Secondary Discussion History of U.S. Interventions in Latin America]
2. [Primary Source Senator William Fulbright, Appraisal of US Policy in the Dominican Crisis, 1965]
3. [Primary Source Charter, Organization of American States]
4. [Primary Source North American Free Trade Agreement, 1994]

5. The Political Record
1. [Primary Source Juan Peron, Justicialism, 1948]
2. [Primary Source The Dirty War in Argentina]
3. [Image Salvador Allende]
4. [Image General Augusto Pinochet]
5. [Image Fidel Castro]
6. [Image Cuban revolution]
7. [Secondary Discussion The Transformation of Cuba]
8. [Image Hugo Chavez]

CXVIII.The Developing World

1. The Development Experience
1. [Image Hydroelectric project on Volta River]
2. [Primary Source Norman E. Borlaug, The Green Revolution, 1970]

2. Changing Worlds and Persistent Problems

3. Reappraising Development
1. [Secondary Discussion What Is the International Monetary Fund?]