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1 | |
Which term best describes B. F. Skinner? |
| | A) | determinist |
| | B) | psychotherapist |
| | C) | cognitive psychologist |
| | D) | sociologist |
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2 | |
While in college, Skinner aspired to become a |
| | A) | professional baseball player. |
| | B) | writer. |
| | C) | psychologist. |
| | D) | lawyer. |
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3 | |
Thorndike's law of effect states that responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfier tend to be |
| | A) | ignored. |
| | B) | stamped in. |
| | C) | stamped out. |
| | D) | extinguished. |
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4 | |
John Watson argued that the goal of psychology is |
| | A) | to determine the drives that motivate behavior. |
| | B) | to study sensation, perception, and imagery. |
| | C) | to study behavior subjectively (through introspection). |
| | D) | to study behavior objectively. |
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5 | |
According to Skinner, internal mental states such as thinking, foresight,
and reasoning |
| | A) | do not exist. |
| | B) | exist, but should not be used to explain behavior. |
| | C) | exist and should be used to explain behavior. |
| | D) | do not exist, but nevertheless can be used to explain human behavior. |
| | E) | are solely responsible for human behavior. |
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6 | |
Skinner believed that behavioral analysis should |
| | A) | interpret behavior but not explain it. |
| | B) | explain behavior but not interpret it. |
| | C) | both explain and interpret behavior. |
| | D) | neither explain nor interpret behavior. |
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7 | |
Skinner believed the most crucial aspect of science is |
| | A) | measurement. |
| | B) | hypothesis testing. |
| | C) | explanations of natural phenomena. |
| | D) | an attitude that values empirical observation. |
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8 | |
Shaping complex behavior through operant conditioning usually includes
which procedure? |
| | A) | classical conditioning |
| | B) | punishment |
| | C) | cognitive mediation |
| | D) | successive approximation |
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9 | |
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behavior will occur is a |
| | A) | negative reinforcer. |
| | B) | positive reinforcer. |
| | C) | reward. |
| | D) | negative punishment. |
| | E) | positive punishment. |
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10 | |
Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because |
| | A) | reward is more humane than punishment. |
| | B) | punishment is more expensive. |
| | C) | the effects of punishment are less predictable. |
| | D) | the effects of reward are less predictable. |
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11 | |
Allyson rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behavior is most likely an
example of |
| | A) | classical conditioning. |
| | B) | social control of behavior. |
| | C) | punishment. |
| | D) | positive reinforcement. |
| | E) | negative reinforcement. |
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12 | |
A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement? |
| | A) | fixed-ratio |
| | B) | variable-ratio |
| | C) | fixed-interval |
| | D) | variable-interval |
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13 | |
Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule of reinforcement? |
| | A) | continuous |
| | B) | variable-ratio |
| | C) | fixed-interval |
| | D) | variable-interval |
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14 | |
Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer? |
| | A) | sleep |
| | B) | relief from a headache |
| | C) | praise |
| | D) | oxygen |
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15 | |
A slot machine pays off on which schedule? |
| | A) | continuous |
| | B) | fixed-ratio |
| | C) | fixed-interval |
| | D) | variable-interval |
| | E) | none of the above |
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16 | |
According to Skinner, human personality is partially shaped by |
| | A) | natural selection. |
| | B) | unconscious motivation. |
| | C) | our expectation of future goals. |
| | D) | basic needs such as hunger, safety, and sex. |
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17 | |
A unified repertoire of responses is Skinner's definition of |
| | A) | operant conditioning. |
| | B) | classical conditioning. |
| | C) | human personality. |
| | D) | the perceived self. |
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18 | |
Which of these concepts would Skinner see as an explanatory fiction? |
| | A) | drive |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | self-realization |
| | D) | all of the above |
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19 | |
Skinner saw creative behavior as resulting from |
| | A) | mutations. |
| | B) | genetic intelligence. |
| | C) | sublimations. |
| | D) | uniquely human qualities of perseverance. |
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20 | |
According to Skinner, the act of blocking out unpleasant thoughts is an example of |
| | A) | repression. |
| | B) | suppression. |
| | C) | negative reinforcement. |
| | D) | extinction. |
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21 | |
Which of these would be an example of social control through
describing contingencies? |
| | A) | deprivation |
| | B) | advertising |
| | C) | imprisonment |
| | D) | receiving a paycheck |
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22 | |
According to Skinner, unhealthy behavior |
| | A) | can be traced to congenital deficiencies. |
| | B) | does not exist. |
| | C) | is a means of coping with excessive social control. |
| | D) | is the result of permissive training during childhood. |
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23 | |
In his philosophy of science, Skinner |
| | A) | opposed hypothetical-deductive methods. |
| | B) | favored a Taoistic approach. |
| | C) | opposed scientific research. |
| | D) | favored the use of large groups of subjects. |
| | E) | advocated longitudinal studies. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education