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1 | |
Bandura believes that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and |
| | A) | heredity. |
| | B) | learning. |
| | C) | cognition. |
| | D) | behavior. |
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2 | |
Bandura's social cognitive theory takes __________ perspective. |
| | A) | a behavioral |
| | B) | a learning theory |
| | C) | an existential |
| | D) | an agentic |
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3 | |
Bandura first became interested in clinical psychology when he |
| | A) | entered graduate school at Stanford University. |
| | B) | worked on the Alaska highway after graduation from high school. |
| | C) | met Skinner at the 1972 APA convention. |
| | D) | entered graduate school at the University of Iowa. |
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4 | |
According to Bandura, the essence of humanness is |
| | A) | human agency. |
| | B) | imitation. |
| | C) | aggression. |
| | D) | memory. |
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5 | |
The primary component of Bandura's P factor is |
| | A) | cognition. |
| | B) | probability. |
| | C) | performance. |
| | D) | environment. |
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6 | |
Chance encounters enter the reciprocal determinism paradigm at which point? |
| | A) | environment |
| | B) | behavior |
| | C) | person |
| | D) | any or all of the above |
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7 | |
According to Bandura, if behavior were completely controlled by the environment, it would be |
| | A) | solely the result of chance. |
| | B) | less consistent and more varied. |
| | C) | rigid and stilted. |
| | D) | solely the result of imitation. |
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8 | |
People's expectations that they are capable of performing a behavior that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation is called |
| | A) | outcome expectancy |
| | B) | self-efficacy |
| | C) | distortion of consequences |
| | D) | the self system |
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9 | |
Which technique is LEAST likely to raise self-efficacy? |
| | A) | verbal persuasion |
| | B) | increased emotional arousal |
| | C) | vicarious experiences |
| | D) | performance accomplishments |
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10 | |
Carlos has great confidence in himself as a hairdresser. However, the economy
in his city has recently turned downward, and few people can afford a hairdresser. When Carlos applies for a job at Mr. Dan's Hair Salon, he will likely have high _______ and low _______. |
| | A) | self-efficacy; outcome expectations |
| | B) | self-efficacy; self-confidence |
| | C) | reward expectancy; self-efficacy |
| | D) | anxiety; motivation |
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11 | |
Which of these is MOST likely to increase self-efficacy? |
| | A) | verbal persuasion |
| | B) | increased emotional arousal |
| | C) | decreased emotional arousal |
| | D) | performance accomplishments |
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12 | |
Low self-efficacy and an unresponsive environment are MOST likely to result in |
| | A) | a high level of performance. |
| | B) | apathy and feelings of helplessness. |
| | C) | decreased locus of control. |
| | D) | increased optimism and self-confidence. |
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13 | |
The personal efficacy of many people working together to bring about social change is called |
| | A) | collective efficacy. |
| | B) | disengagement of internal control. |
| | C) | disengagement of external control. |
| | D) | outcome expectations. |
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14 | |
Taylor, like most people, relies on auto mechanics, air-conditioning repair people, network news, and hundreds of other people who enhance her lifestyle.
In so doing, Taylor is making use of |
| | A) | collective efficacy. |
| | B) | proxy efficacy. |
| | C) | self-efficacy. |
| | D) | self-regulation. |
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15 | |
A set of cognitive structures used to evaluate behavior describes Bandura's concept of |
| | A) | reciprocal determinism. |
| | B) | modeling. |
| | C) | the self system. |
| | D) | the ego. |
| | E) | the superego. |
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16 | |
According to Bandura, the first requirement for self-regulation is |
| | A) | self-observation. |
| | B) | modeling. |
| | C) | a responsive environment. |
| | D) | motor production. |
| | E) | reinforcement. |
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17 | |
Bandura believes that personal conduct is controlled by |
| | A) | an autonomous internal agent called the ego. |
| | B) | environmental stimuli. |
| | C) | reinforcement. |
| | D) | the reciprocal determinism paradigm. |
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18 | |
Bandura believes that learning |
| | A) | can occur in the absence of a response. |
| | B) | is facilitated by the unconscious mind. |
| | C) | and performance are identical. |
| | D) | is not facilitated by reinforcement. |
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19 | |
Which of the following is an example of disengagement of internal control? |
| | A) | A student skips class, then tells the instructor that she had to attend
her grandmother's funeral. |
| | B) | A child is punished for playing with his genitals and consequently
represses the experience. |
| | C) | A conscientious doctor performs an illegal operation but justifies her
actions to herself by saying the surgery was necessary to save a life. |
| | D) | A store clerk shoplifts merchandise, feels guilty, and returns it before
anyone notices. |
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20 | |
According to Bandura, there are two major types of learning: observational and |
| | A) | modeling. |
| | B) | instinctive. |
| | C) | developmental. |
| | D) | enactive. |
| | E) | conditioning. |
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21 | |
Modeling is enhanced when the person being modeled is |
| | A) | a low-status person. |
| | B) | attractive. |
| | C) | speaking a foreign language. |
| | D) | a social isolate. |
| | E) | a child. |
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22 | |
According to Bandura, reinforcement |
| | A) | is necessary for learning. |
| | B) | is cognitively mediated. |
| | C) | is environmentally determined. |
| | D) | has extrinsic value. |
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23 | |
The study by Bandura, Ross, and Ross involving young children and a Bobo doll found that |
| | A) | children exposed to an aggressive cartoon character were more aggressive than children not subjected to an aggressive model. |
| | B) | children exposed to an aggressive live model were more aggressive than children not subjected to an aggressive live model. |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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24 | |
The ultimate goal of social cognitive therapy is |
| | A) | self-regulation. |
| | B) | self-actualization. |
| | C) | an increase in self-efficacy. |
| | D) | uncovering hidden conflicts. |
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25 | |
Shiffman and colleagues (2000) studied smokers who were attempting to quit and found that |
| | A) | smokers had low self-efficacy ratings whenever they were tempted to smoke. |
| | B) | daily ratings of self-efficacy predicted smokers' likelihood of lapsing. |
| | C) | once smokers lapsed, their daily ratings of self-efficacy became more variable. |
| | D) | a single lapse led invariably to a complete relapse. |
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26 | |
Which statement is most consistent with Bandura's concept of humanity? |
| | A) | People are most strongly motivated to increase self-efficacy. |
| | B) | Human personality is formed mostly by the forces of biology. |
| | C) | People must successfully navigate the stages of development in order to become psychologically healthy. |
| | D) | Humans have the capacity to become many things-within the limits set
by biology. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education