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1 | |
Rogers is most properly associated with |
| | A) | nondirective counseling. |
| | B) | client-centered therapy. |
| | C) | rational-emotive therapy. |
| | D) | behavior modification. |
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2 | |
Before deciding on psychology, Rogers aspired to be a |
| | A) | farmer. |
| | B) | lawyer. |
| | C) | minister. |
| | D) | both a and c. |
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3 | |
Rogers described the formative tendency as the tendency for |
| | A) | humans to form intimate interpersonal relationships. |
| | B) | matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms. |
| | C) | people to strive toward self-actualization. |
| | D) | people to return to an inorganic state. |
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4 | |
Rogers believed that all behavior relates to one's |
| | A) | enhancement needs. |
| | B) | subceived self. |
| | C) | ideal self. |
| | D) | safety needs. |
| | E) | actualizing tendency. |
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5 | |
Healthy people evaluate their experiences as good or bad according to
which criterion? |
| | A) | the self-actualizing tendency |
| | B) | perceived self |
| | C) | reflected appraisal of others |
| | D) | the actualizing tendency |
| | E) | the self-concept |
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6 | |
In Rogerian theory, the actualizing tendency |
| | A) | is synonymous with the formative tendency. |
| | B) | has the same or nearly the same meaning as self-actualization. |
| | C) | refers to the person's organismic experiences. |
| | D) | refers to the tendency to actualize the perceived self. |
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7 | |
Inner tension arises, Rogers said, when a conflict exists between the |
| | A) | self-actualizing tendency and the organismic self. |
| | B) | emotion and cognition. |
| | C) | the values of others and one's own values. |
| | D) | the formative tendency and the actualization tendency. |
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8 | |
A discrepancy between the self-concept and the ideal self results in |
| | A) | ego defense mechanisms. |
| | B) | subception. |
| | C) | the person of tomorrow. |
| | D) | incongruence. |
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9 | |
Subception was defined by Rogers as |
| | A) | the underlying empathic linkage between client and therapist. |
| | B) | the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception. |
| | C) | a discrepancy between the organismic self and the ideal self. |
| | D) | a discrepancy between the actualizing tendency and self-actualization. |
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10 | |
Tyler has a low perception of himself. To increase his self-concept, his parents and teacher continually praise and compliment him. Rogers believed that such praise and compliments are most likely to |
| | A) | enhance Tyler's self-esteem. |
| | B) | reinforce Tyler's negative behavior. |
| | C) | be easily accepted into Tyler's self-concept. |
| | D) | be distorted by Tyler. |
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11 | |
According to Rogers, two of our basic needs are |
| | A) | sex and safety. |
| | B) | self-actualization and self-enhancement. |
| | C) | power and submission. |
| | D) | maintenance and enhancement. |
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12 | |
Rogers believed that, for psychologically healthy individuals, |
| | A) | the self and experience are congruent. |
| | B) | denial of organismic functioning is essential. |
| | C) | the ideal self replaces the real self. |
| | D) | an incongruence exists between their organismic self and their ideal self. |
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13 | |
Which statement is consistent with Rogers's theory? |
| | A) | Self-regard is originally dependent on self-concept. |
| | B) | Once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others' opinions
and attitudes. |
| | C) | Self-regard is symptomatic of malignant egoism. |
| | D) | Self-regard stems from the negative appraisals received from others. |
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14 | |
An unawareness of a discrepancy between self and experience leads to |
| | A) | psychological health. |
| | B) | anxiety. |
| | C) | threat. |
| | D) | vulnerability. |
| | E) | guilt. |
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15 | |
According to Rogers, the two primary defensive strategies are |
| | A) | repression and denial. |
| | B) | repression and reaction formation. |
| | C) | denial and distortion. |
| | D) | subception and regression. |
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16 | |
Rogers believed that a disorganized personality may at times behave consistently with organismic experience and at other times consistently with |
| | A) | the ideal self. |
| | B) | others' expectations. |
| | C) | the shattered self-concept. |
| | D) | the actualizing tendency. |
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17 | |
Rogers hypothesized that empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence are |
| | A) | necessary and sufficient conditions for therapy. |
| | B) | necessary but not sufficient conditions for therapy. |
| | C) | sufficient but not necessary conditions for therapy. |
| | D) | neither necessary nor sufficient for therapy. |
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18 | |
In Rogers's seven stages of therapeutic process, growth is irreversible when clients reach which stage? |
| | A) | 4th |
| | B) | 5th |
| | C) | 6th |
| | D) | 7th |
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19 | |
Clients are better able to listen to themselves when the therapist possesses |
| | A) | sympathy for them. |
| | B) | empathy for them. |
| | C) | conditions of worth toward them. |
| | D) | a professional attitude toward them. |
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20 | |
Rogers hypothesized that persons of tomorrow would |
| | A) | mistrust others. |
| | B) | be free of psychological conflict. |
| | C) | be open to their experience. |
| | D) | reach a high-level stage where continued change was unnecessary. |
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21 | |
In the Chicago study, Rogers and his associates found that |
| | A) | clients who received client-centered therapy became fully functioning. |
| | B) | empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence were neither necessary nor sufficient. |
| | C) | clients who received client-centered therapy improved, but they did not reach an "average" level of psychological functioning. |
| | D) | clients who received cognitive behavior therapy showed no gain. |
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22 | |
In testing Rogers's facilitative conditions, Cramer has found that |
| | A) | empathy alone is therapeutic. |
| | B) | counselor congruence alone is therapeutic. |
| | C) | unconditional positive regard alone is therapeutic. |
| | D) | advice-giving interferes with a positive therapeutic outcome. |
| | E) | all three facilitative conditions are necessary. |
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23 | |
Vansteenwegen (1996) found that couples receiving client-centered therapy |
| | A) | showed initial improvement but reverted to pre-therapy status after one year post-treatment. |
| | B) | were very likely to divorce or break off their relationship. |
| | C) | showed increases in positive regard, empathy, and congruence. |
| | D) | developed strong positive self-regard but demonstrated negative regard for their partners. |
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24 | |
Which statement is most consistent with Rogers's concept of humanity? |
| | A) | People have a natural tendency to move toward actualization. |
| | B) | People move inevitably toward actualization. |
| | C) | People move inevitably toward self-actualization. |
| | D) | People are free to become what they will. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education