Learning Objectives

In addition to being able to recognize all of the key terms, artists, and artworks presented to you in the chapter, after reading the chapter you should be able to:

1.

trace the origins of photography back to the camera obscura, describe how this device works, and discuss the history of its development and use.

2.

describe the early history of the camera as it progressed beyond the camera obscura, and identify the inventors and artists who contributed to this history.

3.

explain what distinguishes each of the following photographic methods, processes or equipment, who invented or introduced it (if known), and list the chronology of these inventions:

calotype
celluloid film
collodion process
continuous-motion photography
daguerreotype
digital photography
heliograph
Kodak camera
photomechanical reproduction
solarization
stop-motion photography
video
zoopraxiscope

4.

explain the relationship between Abraham Lincoln's statement, "Brady and the Cooper Union speech made me President," and photography's development at that time as a new medium.

5.

identify some 19^th-century and early-20^th-century photographers working in the following genres, along with their works:

portraits
landscape
scenes from everyday life

6.

discuss the efforts of photographers since the 19^th century to elevate photography's status from a mere product of technical skill to an art form.

7.

discuss photography as a medium not only for capturing images that already exist but for inventing images, as in the works of Henry Peach Robinson, Hannah Höch, Cindy Sherman, Andres Serrano, and Mariko Mori.

8.

trace the early history and evolution of motion pictures, and describe the various camera shots and editing techniques that are used in filmmaking.

9.

discuss the role of the director in filmmaking, naming directors and their works mentioned in this chapter.

10.

describe hand-drawn animation in film as compared to computer animation , naming specific examples.

11.

discuss the use of video, both as a form of mass communication and as an art form, and describe specific examples of video art discussed in this chapter.

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