| axonometric axes | (n) The axes used to define the orientation of the primary dimensions in an axonometric pictorial projection. The relative angle of the axes to each other determines the type of axonometric projection.
(See 394)
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| axonometric projection | (n) A parallel projection technique used to create pictorial drawings of objects by rotating the object on an axis relative to a projection plane.
(See 394)
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| bird’s eye view | (n) In a perspective pictorial, a viewpoint looking down from above the object. From this viewpoint, the ground line is below the horizon line of the object.
(See 424)
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| cabinet oblique | (n) A type of oblique pictorial drawing in which the two dimensions of the frontal surface are drawn parallel to the frontal plane, and the third (receding) axis is drawn obliquely at half the scale of the frontal plane. The receding axis is typically drawn at an angle of between 45 and 60 degrees.
(See 417)
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| cavalier oblique | (n) Atype of pictorial drawing in which the two dimensions of the frontal surface are drawn parallel to the frontal plane, and the third (receding) axis is drawn obliquely to the frontal plane and at the same scale. The receding axis is typically drawn at an angle of between 45 and 60 degrees.
(See 417)
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| dimetric projection | (n) An axonometric projection in which two of the three axes have the same scale and the same angle relative to the third axis. Adimetric drawing is less pleasing to the eye than a trimetric projection but is easier to draw.
(See 395)
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| general oblique | (n) A type of oblique pictorial drawing in which the two dimensions of the frontal surface are drawn parallel to the frontal plane and the third (receding) axis is drawn obliquely at any scale between 50 and 100 percent of the frontal plane dimensions. The receding axis is typically drawn at an angle of between 45 and 60 degrees.
(See 417)
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| ground’s eye view | (n) In a perspective pictorial, a viewpoint looking up at the object. From this viewpoint, the horizon line is level with the ground line of the object.
(See 424)
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| ground line | (n) In a perspective drawing or sketch, the point of the object closest to the observer.
(See 423)
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| horizon line | (n) In a perspective sketch, a horizontal line marking the location where all projection lines from the observer converge.
(See 421)
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| human’s eye view | (n) In a perspective pictorial, a viewpoint looking slightly down at the object. From this viewpoint, the ground line is equivalent to six feet below the horizon line of the object.
(See 424)
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| isometric drawing | (n) A pictorial representation of an object rotated 45 degrees, tilted 36 degrees 16 minutes, then drawn full scale. An isometric drawing differs from an isometric projection in that all three dimensions are drawn at full scale rather than foreshortening to the true projection.
(See 400)
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| isometric ellipses | (n) A special type of ellipse used to represent holes and ends of cylinders in isometric drawings. In an isometric drawing, circular features are often not viewed normally, foreshortening them and making them appear as ellipses.
(See 403)
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| isometric line/plane | (n) A line or plane that is parallel to one of the principal isometric axes or to two adjacent isometric axes, respectively. Isometric lines and planes are typically the simplest elements to represent in an isometric drawing.
(See 397)
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| isometric projection | (n) An axonometric projection in which three of the axes are measured on the same scale and are at the same angle relative to each other. An isometric drawing is less pleasing to the eye than other types of axonometric projections, but it is the most common since it is the easiest to draw.
(See 395)
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| long-axis isometric | (n) A variation of the regular isometric pictorial view. In a regular isometric, it appears as if the viewer is looking down on the object from the top; in a long-axis isometric, it appears as if the viewer is looking from the right or the left of the object, with one of the axes drawn at 60 degrees from the hori-zontal.
(See 399)
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| oblique projection | (n) A form of parallel projection used to create oblique pictorials. Oblique projection results when the projectors are parallel to each other but at some angle other than perpendicular to the projection plane. Typically the most descriptive face of an object is placed parallel to the frontal plane.
(See 414)
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| regular isometric | (n) An isometric pictorial drawn as if the viewer is looking down on the object from the top. In a regular isometric, the 30-degree axes are drawn upward from the horizontal. The regular method is the most common type of isometric drawing.
(See 398)
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| reversed axis isometric | (n) A variation of the regular isometric pictorial. Whereas in a regular isometric, it appears as though the viewer is looking down from the top of the object, in the reversed axis isometric, it appears as if the viewer is looking up from the bottom of the object. The 30-degree axes are drawn downward from the horizontal.
(See 398)
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| station point | (n) The eyepoint of the observer in a perspective drawing. The location of the station point relative to the object, and the horizon line determines the perspective viewpoint (i.e., bird’s eye, human’s eye, etc.).
(See 422)
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| trimetric projection | (n) An axonometric projection in which none of the three axes is measured on the same scale or is at the same angle relative to the others. A trimetric drawing is the hardest to draw, but it is the most pleasing to the eye since it represents the most realistic positioning of the object.
(See 395)
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| vanishing point | (n) An imaginary point in a perspective drawing or sketch, often on the horizon line, where all projection lines of one dimension of the object converge.
(See 422)
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| worm’s eye view | (n) In a perspective pictorial, a viewpoint looking up at the object. From this viewpoint, the ground line is substantially above the horizon line of the object.
(See 424)
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education