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Human Biology, 7/e
Dr. Sylvia S. Mader
Urinary System and Excretion

Chapter Outline


10.1 Urinary System

  • The urinary system consists of organs that produce, store, and rid the body of urine. 188
  • The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and maintain the water-salt and the acid-base balance of the blood within normal limits. 189

    10.2 Kidneys

  • Kidneys have a macroscopic (gross) anatomy and a microscopic anatomy. 191
  • Urine is produced by many microscopic tubules called nephrons. 191

    10.3 Urine Formation

  • Like many physiological processes, urine formation is a multistep process. 194-95

    10.4 Maintaining Water-Salt Balance

  • The kidneys are under hormonal control as they regulate the water-salt balance of the body. 196-97

    10.5 Maintaining Acid-Base Balance

  • The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions to regulate the pH of the blood. 199

    10.6 Homeostasis

  • The urinary system works with the other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis. 199 s

    10.7 Problems with Kidney Function

  • The kidneys are vital body organs, and their malfunction causes illness and even death. 200








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