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Human Biology, 7/e
Dr. Sylvia S. Mader
Senses

Chapter Outline


14.1 Sensory Receptors and Sensations

  • Sensory receptors detect certain types of external or internal stimuli. 272
  • Sensation occurs when sensory receptors send nerve impulses to the brain. 273

    14.2 Proprioceptors and Cutaneous Receptors

  • Proprioceptors in muscles and joints help the body maintain balance and posture. 274
  • Cutaneous receptors in the skin are sensitive to touch, pressure, pain, and temperature (warmth and cold). 274-75

    14.3 Chemical Senses

  • Taste cells within taste buds in the mouth are sensitive to molecules that result in bitter, sour, salty, or sweet tastes. 276
  • Olfactory cells within the olfactory epithelium are sensitive to molecules that result in a sense of smell. 277

    14.4 Sense of Vision

  • The photoreceptors for sight contain visual pigments, which detect light rays. 280
  • A great deal of integration occurs in the retina of the eye before nerve impulses are sent to the brain. 281

    14.5 Sense of Hearing

  • The mechanoreceptors for hearing are hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear that detect pressure waves. 284

    14.6 Sense of Equilibrium

  • Hair cells in the semicircular canals of the inner ear are responsible for rotational equilibrium. 287
  • Hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear are responsible for gravitational equilibrium. 287








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