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Human Biology, 7/e
Dr. Sylvia S. Mader
Genes and Medical Genetics

Chapter Outline


20.1 Genotype and Phenotype

  • The physical characteristics of an individual are controlled by inherited genes. 404
  • Dominant genetic traits appear if a single dominant allele is inherited; recessive genetic traits require the inheritance of two recessive alleles. 404

    20.2 Dominant/Recessive Traits

  • It is possible to determine the chances of an offspring inheriting a particular parental gene, and therefore a particular condition. 405
  • Pedigree charts are used to determine the pattern of inheritance for a condition that runs in the family. 409

    20.3 Beyond Simple Inheritance Patterns

  • Certain traits, such as skin color, behavior, and various syndromes, are polygenic. 411
  • Blood type is controlled by multiple alleles. 412
  • Some traits, like sickle-cell disease, are incompletely dominant. 413

    20.4 Sex-Linked Traits

  • Sex-linked traits are usually carried on the X chromosome. Males, with only one X, are more likely to express X-linked traits. 414
  • Some traits are sex-influenced rather than sex-linked. 418








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