Chapter Outline

21.1 DNA and RNA Structure and Function

DNA is the genetic material, and therefore, its structure and function constitute the molecular basis of inheritance. 422

When DNA replicates, two exact copies result. RNA structure is similar to, but also different from, that of DNA. RNA occurs in three forms, each with a specific function. 424-25

21.2 Gene Expression

Proteins are composed of amino acids, and they function, in particular, as enzymes and as structural elements of membranes and organelles in cells. 426

DNA's genetic information codes for the sequence of amino acids in a protein during protein synthesis. 426

There are various levels of genetic control in human cells. 431

21.3 Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology is the basis for biotechnology, an industry that produces many products. 432

Modern-day biotechnology is expected to produce many products and to revolutionize agriculture and animal husbandry. It also permits gene therapy and the mapping of human chromosomes. 434

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