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Human Biology, 7/e
Dr. Sylvia S. Mader
Respiratory System

Chapter Outline


9.1 Respiratory Tract

  • Air passes through a series of tubes before gas exchange takes place across a very extensive moist surface. 166

    9.2 Mechanism of Breathing

  • Respiration comprises breathing, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration. 170
  • During inspiration, the pressure in the lungs decreases, and air comes rushing in. During expiration, increased pressure in the thoracic cavity causes air to leave the lungs. 172-73

    9.3 Gas Exchanges in the Body

  • External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood. 174
  • Internal respiration occurs in the tissues where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood. 174
  • The respiratory pigment hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and aids in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. 174

    9.4 Respiration and Health

  • The respiratory tract is especially subject to disease because it is exposed to infectious agents. 177
  • Smoking tobacco contributes to three major lung disorders-chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and cancer. 179, 181

    9.5 Homeostasis

  • The respiratory system works with the other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis. 184 s








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