| Type | Articulation | Movement |
| Diarthrodial: Nonaxial |
|
| | Shoulder girdle | |
| | Sternoclavicular | Limited motion of outer end of clavicle in all three planes
Elevation-depression
Forward-backward
Rotation: forward-downward; backward-upward
|
| | Acromioclavicular | Movements of scapula (including motion in both joints) |
Irregular;
Arthrodial;Plane
| | Elevation-depression
Rotation: upward-downward
Abduction-adduction
Upward tilt-reduction of same |
| | Intercarpal | Slight gliding movements in cooperation with movements
of wrist and metacarpals |
| | Intertarsal | Slight gliding movements in cooperation with movements
of talonavicular and ankle joints |
| |
| Diarthrodial: Uniaxial |
|
| | Elbow | |
| | Humeroulnar | Flexion-extension-hyperextension (slight) |
| | Knee | |
| | Tibiofemoral | Flexion-extension-hyperextension (slight) |
| Hinge; | Ankle | |
| Ginglymus | Talotibial and talofibular | Dorsiflexion-plantar flexion (extension) |
| | Fingers and thumb | Flexion-extension |
| | Interphalangeal | |
| | Toes | |
| | Interphalangeal | Flexion-extension |
|
| Type | Articulation | Movement |
|
| | Forearm | |
| | Proximal and distal radioulnar | Supination-pronation |
| Pivot; | Neck | |
| Screw; | Atlantoaxial (first and | |
| Trochoid | second cervical) | Rotation: right-left |
| |
| Diarthrodial: Biaxial |
|
| | Wrist | |
| | Radiocarpal | Flexion-extension-hyperextension
Abduction-adduction |
| | Fingers | |
| | Metacarpophalangeal | Flexion-extension
Abduction-adduction |
| Condyloid; | | |
| Ovoid | Toes | |
| Ellipsoidal | Metatarsophalangeal | Flexion-extension-hyperextension
Abduction-adduction (limited) |
| | Head | |
| | Occipitoatlantal | Flexion-extension-hyperextension
Lateral flexion: right-left |
| Saddle; | | |
| Seller; | Thumb | |
| Reciprocal | Carpometacarpal | Flexion-extension-hyperextension |
| reception | | Abduction-adduction |
| | | Opposition (combination of abduction, hyperflexion,
and
possibly slight inward rotation)* |
| |
| Diarthrodial: Triaxial |
|
| | Shoulder | |
| | Glenohumeral | Flexion-extension-hyperextension |
| | | Abduction-adduction |
| | | Rotation: outward-inward |
| Ball-and-socket; | | Horizontal adduction (from abduction) |
| Enarthrodial | | Horizontal abduction (from flexion) |
| | Hip | |
| | Femoroacetabular | Flexion-extension-hyperextension
Abduction-adduction
Rotation: outward-inward
Horizontal adduction (from abduction)
Horizontal abduction (from flexion) |
| Shallow ball- | Foot | |
| and-socket | Talonavicular | Dorsiflexion-plantar flexion (very slight)
Abduction-adduction (slight)
Inversion-eversion (very slight) |
|
| Type | Articulation | Movement |
|
| |
| Combination Diarthrodial Nonaxial and Fibrocartilaginous Synarthrodial |
|
| Triaxial simulated | Vertebral bodies | |
| ball-and-socket | Intervertebral cartilages | Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension |
| Nonaxial irregular | Vertebral arches | Lateral flexion: right-left
Rotation: right-left |
*Opinions differ with respect to inward rotation.
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education