 |  Kinesiology, 10/e Nancy Hamilton,
University of Northern Iowa
Kathryn Luttgens,
Northeastern University
The Spinal Column and Thorax
Related Readings
| Abe, T., N. Kusuhara, N. Yoshimura, T. Tomita, and P. A. Easton. (1996). Differential Respiratory Activity of Four Abdominal Muscles in Humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. : . (80:1379-89).
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| Arnheim, D. D., and W. E. Prentice. (1998). Essentials of Athletic Training. 4th ed.. St.Louis: McGraw-Hill.
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| Basmajian, J. V., and J. C. DeLuca. (1985). Muscles Alive. 5th ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
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| Campbell, E. J. M.. (1952). An Electromyographic Study of the Role of the Abdominal Muscles in Breathing. Journal of Physiology. : . (177:222-33).
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| Cresswell, A. G., H. Grundstrom, and A. Thorstensson. (1992). Observations on Intra-Abdominal Pressure and Patterns of Abdominal Intramuscular Activity in Man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia. : . (144:409-18).
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| De Troyer, A., M. Estenne, V. Ninane, D. Van Gansbeke, and M. Gorini. (1990). Transverse Abdominis Muscle Function in Humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. : . (68:1010-16).
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| Dolan, P., A. F. Mannion, and M. A. Adams. (1994). Passive Tissues Help the Back Muscles to Generate Extensor Moments During Lifting. Journal of Biomechanics. : . (27:1077-85).
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| Hodges, P. W., and C. A. Richardson. (1997). Contraction of the Abdominal Muscles Associated With Movement of the Lower Limb. Physical Therapy. : . (77:132-42).
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| Jones, D. S., and J. E. Pauly. (1957). Further Electromyographic Studies on Muscles of Costal Respiration in Man. Anatomy Record. : . (128:733-46).
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| Kumar, S., Y. Narayan, and M. Zedka. (1996). An Electromyographic Study of Unresisted Trunk Rotation with Normal Velocity Among Healthy Subjects. Spine. : . (21:1500-12).
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| Kumar, S., M. Zedka, and Y. Narayan. (1999). EMG Power Spectra of Trunk Muscles During Graded Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction in Flexion-Rotation and Extension-Rotation. European Journal of Applied Physiology. : . (80:527-41).
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| Lemkuhl, L. D., and L. K. Smith. (1983). Brunnstrom's Clinical Kinesiology. 4th ed.. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
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| Loney, P. L., and P. W. Stratford. (1999). The Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Adults: A Methodological Review of the Literature. Physical Therapy. : . (79:384-95).
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| Norkin, C., and P. Levangie. (1983). Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
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| Pauly, J. E.. (1966). An Electromyographic Analysis of Certain Movements and Exercises. I. Some Deep Muscles of the Back. Anatomy Record. : . (155:223-34).
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| Sarti, M. A., M. Monfort, M. A. Fuster, L. A. Villaplana. (1996). Muscle Activity in Upper and Lower Rectus Abdominus During Abdominal Exercises. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. : . (77:1293-97).
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| Shields, R. K., and D. G. Heiss. (1997). An Electromyographic Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Synergies in the Curl and Double Straight Leg Lowering Exercises with Control of the Pelvic Position. Spine. : . (22:1873-79).
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education