Chapter Outline

I. Papacy and Empire During the Investiture Controversy, 1075-1125

1. Political Theory [TXT: Papal Election Decree, 1059, Papal and Imperial Versions]
2. Papal Authority [TXT: Gregory VII: Lay Investitures Forbidden, 1074, 1080][IMG: Gregory VII]
1. Canon Law

3. Imperial Authority

II. The Battle for the Italian Peninsula, 1125-1250

1. The Expansion of Education: Better Lawyers and Better Bureaucrats
1. Bureaucracies
2. Universities [TXT: Robert de Courçon: Statutes for the University of Paris, 1215]

2. Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (r. 1152-1190) and a Reconstructed Empire [TXT: Text: The Besançon Episode 1157][IMG: Frederick I Barbarossa: Vatican library MS]
1. Lombardy

3. Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216) and the Papacy Ascendant [TXT: Innocent III (r.1198-1216): Letters on Papal Policies] [2ND: Catholic Encyclopedia: Innocent III]
1. Fourth Lateran Council
2. Feudal Overlord

4. Emperor Frederick II (r.1215-1250)

III. Papacy and Empire in Decline, 1250-1300

1. The German States after 1250
2. The Italian States after 1250
3. The Papacy after 1250
1. Boniface VIII