Chapter Outline

I. Literacy and Vernacular Languages [WEB: The History of Printing ]

1. Universities
2. Reading
3. Writing

II. Humanist Education [TXT: Petrus Paulus Vergerius: The New Education (c. 1400)]

1. Petrarch [TXT: Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 Letter to Posterity][TXT: The Ascent of Mount Ventoux ]

III. Literature

1. England
1. Piers Plowman
2. Chaucer [TXT: Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1340-1400): Canterbury Tales: The Prologue ]

2. Christine de Pizan

IV. Art and Architecture [WEB: WebMuseum: Renaissance][TXT: [Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574): Lives of the Artists]]

1. Architecture
2. Painting [IMG:Jan van Eyck. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami (The Arnolfini Marriage). 1434. Tempera on wood. The National Gallery, London]

V. Philosophy

1. Humanism [TXT: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-94). Oration on the Dignity of Man ]
2. Nominalism [WEB: William of Ockham: Dialogus]
3. Platonism

VI. Political Thought

1. Marsilius [TXT: Marsiglio of Padua (d.1343): Defensor Pacis: Selections from Text, 1324]
2. Machiavelli [TXT: Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527): The Prince, 1513][IMGMachiavelli]